Achieving breakout innovation [innovation management]

Breakout innovation is about delivering major new products or services, addressing completely new market segments or developing new value chains. Although innovation is an important contributor to revenue and profit, very few companies have all the elements in place to sustain breakout innovation over a long period. The framework described here will greatly improved the chances of success. The basic elements such as market insights, a clear strategy, access to competitive technologies, a supportive infrastructure and effective project management must be in place. However, these alone are not enough. Sustained breakout innovation will not be achieved without inspired leadership and creative teams, operating within an innovative culture and supported breakout processes.     

The innovation imperative [innovation management]

UK manufacturers need to dramatically improve their ability to generate new products, services and new ways of doing business that allows them to differentiate themselves from lower cost rivals. There are also many examples of exemplary UK manufacturers who can compete with the best in the world innovation; companies such as Renishaw, Kesslers, Gripple, Dyson and Glaxo SmithKline. Companies can learn from these leaders and understand the key practices that need to be in place to enable successful innovation - both in their business processes and in their products and services.     

Fundamental concepts of stem imaging

This review paper introduces some basic concepts of STEM imaging. The important Principle of Reciprocity is considered in detail. The quantitative breakdown of reciprocity when inelastic scattering is significant is demonstrated and the top-bottom effect briefly discussed. The signal-to-noise ratio in STEM images is considered, and the implications this has for the imaging of defects in crystals is discussed.     

技术创新要与设计创新携手共进

当今,在加快发展我国社会经济建设步伐、实施"建设创新型国家"这一战略进程中,积极开展技术创新活动十分重要.但是,人们往往会忽略与技术创新结伴同行的另一个重要经济驱动力--设计创新.随着世界经济结构及人们生活价值观念的变化,技术创新与设计创新的结合势在必行.技术创新与设计创新的有效结合不仅能发挥出技术原本应有的价值,同时还能扩大技术创新价值、创造出更大的社会经济效应.文章强调了要将设计创新和技术创新放在同等重要位置的论点.并从强化各级政府和企业设计意识、创建利于设计创新的环境和加大设计教育力度三个方面提出了具体的实施内容和方法.     

Fundamental kinematical relationships for single-track vehicles

Kinematical considerations play an important role in the dynamic analysis of single-track vehicles. This paper deals with kinematical questions that must be faced in the course of every such analysis. A mathematical model is constructed; equations applicable whenever both wheels are in rolling contact with a plane supporting surface are developed; steady turning is analyzed; and results are discussed in detail.     

排送机和鼓风机技术改造

介绍煤气排送机及鼓风机的改造原因、改造过程及改造后取得的经济效益。     

Renishaw领导测量革命

OMV软件完善Renishaw测头应用 OMV（在机检测）软件可根据原始CAD数据,检测样件、复杂零件及大型零件、多工序零件以及模具。直观的鼠标点击方法简化了检测工作,需点击模型零件的不同部位,即可自动生成检测路径。通过Renishaw的高精度主轴测头,例如超小型OMP400或MP700测头,对表面数据进行测量,然后发送到PC机上,由功能强大的（CMM风格）测量算法进行处理。它可以用于高精度多点测量圆形、圆柱形、圆锥形、球形和平面等形状轮廓。MP700和OMP400测头无需在所有要使用的矢量上都进行校正,从而减少了测量每个零件所需测量的点数量,大大缩短了循环时间。     

自主创新助重庆机床厂再次腾飞

重庆机床厂始建于1940年,是国内最大的成套制齿设备生产基地,世界上滚齿机产、销量最多的制造商,建有国家级齿轮机床研究所、重庆市企业技术中心和博士后科研工作站.     

机械工业基础标准情报网

机械工业基础标准情报网(简称基础网)成立于1985年，经过二十多年的努力和发展，网员单位已达2000余户，是目前国内规模最大，最有影响的标准化技术服务组织之一。基础网以国家和有关行业标准化主管部门、标准化研究机构、标准化技术委员会和科研院所、大专院校、国外标准化组织以及大型企业为依托，面向全国乃至国外，开展标准化技术咨询服务工作。基础网实行网员制，凡是愿意参加基础网、按时交纳网费的单位，均可加人基础网。服务宗旨为促进企业技术进步，提高企业标准化水半，增强企业竞争能力，开拓国内外市场，提供一站式标准化技术咨…     

On the Fundamental Nature of Metal-Metal Adhesion

The cohesion of metals and their adhesion to other metals are complicated and poorly understood processes. Theories of adhesion have been judged by the use of indirect friction and wear data because of the scarcity of good experimental adhesion data.

The adhesion of one metal to another appears to be a manifestation of the electronic configuration of the atoms involved because the cohesive nature of materials results from these atomic forces. Therefore, the atomic binding energies, the distribution of the atomic species in the surface layers, the surface structure, and the crystal lattice disregistration must be influential in metal-metal adhesion. Adhesion is a surface oriented process and, thus, the bulk properties of metals should have only secondary influences.

Those metals having an electron deficiency in their outer atomic orbitals should adhere better than those metals which do not in order to minimize the total free energy and approach a more stable state. A correlation is shown between outer s or p electron orbital deficiency and Sikorski's adhesion data. Other measures of the atomic binding forces such as boiling point and heat of sublimation are shown to correlate with adhesion whereas mechanical properties such as hardness show relatively poor correlation.     

Fundamental investigations of electrical conductor fretting fatigue

Fretting is known to be the main factor leading to conductor individual wire breaks under aeolian vibration in the vicinity of a clamp. In this paper, previous studies on overhead electrical conductor bending fatigue are summarized. Results obtained with several conductor types and clamps are compared. A general fretting analysis as well as testing procedure are suggested. Influence of the main mechanical parameters on the occurrence of several types of degradation processes is discussed.     

磁粒光整加工基础研究

研究了磁场分布，磁场力及材料去除规律并进行相应的实验分析，从理论上证明了加工区域内磁场分布不均匀而导致的磁粒流动及磁刷形成的变化，是影响磁粒切削性能的关键因素；实验研究了磁场力、磁极形状对切削量的影响规律，结果与理论解析一致；而润滑剂可大幅度提高去除量，且表面粗糙度存在最佳值。研究成果为深入系统地研究加工机理提供理论依据和实践基础。     

估计基本矩阵的一个新方法

基本矩阵在机器视觉中有着广泛的应用.提出了估计基本矩阵的一个新的线性方法.该方法基于正交最小二乘技术,利用对应最小特征值的两个特征向量,构造了一个3×3的广义特征值问题,该问题的解不仅给出了基本矩阵,而且给出了相应的极点.与其它方法比较,该方法可以获得更精确的结果.     

可复用设计方法及其基本过程的研究

在总结和发展几种智能化设计方法的基础上 ,提出了可复用设计的概念。阐述了可复用设计的基本方法 ,给出了可复用设计基本过程的形式化描述 ,并对设计知识的可复用性及其度量问题进行了讨论。