共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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利用扫描电镜(SEM)对XCQ16和20Mn2两种车轴用钢疲劳断口和裂纹扩展断口进行分析,研究疲劳失效过程中的裂纹萌生及扩展机理.结果表明:裂纹均是从试样表面萌生,非金属夹杂和位错是主要的萌生机制;XCQ16钢在疲劳断口中部区的裂纹闭合效应大于20Mn2钢,裂纹扩展较慢;两者在裂纹扩展区的扩展机理不同,XCQ16钢属于塑性断裂,20Mn2钢属于解理断裂;在非金属夹杂上,XCQ16钢多含氧化物和硫化物的混合夹杂,20Mn2钢主要是氧化物夹杂,混合夹杂对材料的疲劳性能影响较小. 相似文献
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16Mn钢疲劳裂纹扩展的实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
实验发现,16Mn钢在交变载荷作用下,裂纹尖端附近的碳原子沿应力梯度方向向裂尖扩散,在裂纹尖端附近,原来的铁素体区域生成二次珠光体组织,疲劳裂纹在二次珠光体组织上扩展。本文对此现象进行了分析,得到了有实际意义的结果。 相似文献
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疲劳和断裂是硬质合金失效的主要原因之一.主要对WC-Co硬质合金的高周疲劳性能和裂纹扩展行为进行了较为系统的研究.结果表明,WC-Co硬质合金材料表现出明显的疲劳效应,即应力水平的降低伴随着疲劳寿命的上升.在高应力区域,合金的疲劳寿命与强度有关;合金的强度越高,其疲劳寿命越长.随着应力幅值的降低,这种强度与疲劳寿命的联系越来越不明显,特别是进入高周疲劳区域后,高粘结剂含量的合金反而表现出更高的疲劳抗性.疲劳裂纹主要沿晶界和在粘结相中扩展;材料在承受疲劳载荷后,粘结相与WC硬质颗粒之间发生了剥离,这种脱粘造成WC颗粒之间相互错动形成孔隙和微裂纹,这些孔隙和微裂纹相互连接加速了裂纹的扩展并最终导致材料的断裂.粘结相在疲劳过程中产生了大量堆垛层错并发生相变,同时有析出物产生. 相似文献
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本文系统的阐述了近30年来粉末冶金高速钢的疲劳裂纹的萌生与扩展行为的研究进展。粉末高速钢晶粒细化、碳化物分布均匀,弥散度高,碳化物细化效果使得抗弯强度、冲击韧性大幅度提高。但是粉末高速钢由于微结构之间的平均距离比熔铸高速钢要小的多,其裂纹扩展速率较高,使得粉末高速钢过早断裂的危险性比熔铸高速钢要大。而减少粉末高速钢夹杂物的临界尺寸和降低孔隙率可以有效的改善其疲劳性能。 相似文献
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对氢致钢内部疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展进行了数值模拟.首先用有限元法分析了氢在疲劳载荷作用下向钢中缺陷处扩散富集的过程,然后计算得到氢含量分布结果.根据夹杂理论将氢富集区视为在缺陷附近分布的弹性夹杂,用有限元法计算得到的氢含量场求出夹杂处的应力强度因子,进而建立疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展的判据.比较了在不同加载条件下氢致疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展的规律.用梯形法修正了Sofronis和McMeeking的瞬态扩散有限元公式,发现用梯形法可以缓解加载初期较高的浓度梯度和应力梯度引起的计算结果震荡的情况,这对于计算开裂判据是十分重要的.最后讨论了提高模拟精度和改进模型的方法. 相似文献
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以缺口件为研究对象 ,根据J积分理论 ,对Dowling法进行了改进 ,并根据疲劳非扩展裂纹的性质 ,给出裂纹萌生尺寸的定义 ,介绍疲劳裂纹萌生尺寸的确定方法 相似文献
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Load-controlled fatigue tests were conducted on dual-phase X80 pipeline steel to investigate the effects of stress ratio (R-ratio) on the fatigue crack growth behaviour. Dual-phase X80 pipeline steel showed a non-linear relationship between fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) and the stress intensity factor range (ΔK) at each R-ratio. Fatigue crack propagation curves of X80 pipeline steel were evaluated using the conventional Paris equation and a new exponential equation named αβ model. In addition, the electron back-scattered diffraction technique was used to study the effects of stress ratio on the fatigue crack growth behaviour. The results indicated that the corresponding ΔK of the transition point decreased with the increase of R-ratio. That was attributed to the variation of the crack path and the fracture mode because of the changes in the size of monotonic plastic zone and cyclic plastic zone at crack tip. Compared to the overall fitting, piecewise fitting by Paris equation and αβ model, piecewise fitting was the most accurate method, and αβ model is more convenient and efficient than the conventional Paris-based equations. 相似文献
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超高周疲劳的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
论述了超高周疲劳研究的背景及意义,总结了近年来超高周疲劳的研究成果包括超高周疲劳的典型特征如S-N曲线、裂纹起源、起裂机理、影响超高周疲劳行为的因素等,介绍了超高周疲劳的常用实验手段,提出了今后超高周疲劳研究的课题。 相似文献
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辊面剥落是轧辊失效的主要形式之一。依据疲劳裂纹扩展理论,计算了轧辊材料裂纹扩展过程中裂纹扩展速率与应力强度因子幅的关系即da/d N—ΔK,分析了各因素对裂纹扩展速率的影响以及不同轧辊的裂纹扩展特征。结果表明,弹性模量、应力比、残余应力、晶粒度、断裂塑性、工作应力、断裂强度等对轧辊裂纹扩展速率的影响越来越不明显,弹性模量影响最大,而屈强比几乎没有影响;轧辊材料较高的弹性模量、较低的残余应力、较粗大的晶粒、较高的断裂塑性可以有效抑制轧辊裂纹的疲劳扩展;轧辊工作层比心部、支承辊比工作辊、锻钢辊比铸铁辊具有更高的耐裂纹扩展断裂能力。结果有助于分析轧辊失效机理并采取有效措施,防止轧辊剥落。 相似文献
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In the present study, the effect of microstructure of 16Mn steel on fatigue crack initiation (FCI) life and fatigue crack propagation (FCP) rates was experimentally investigated under two different conditions,i.e., as-received condition and high-temperature normalized (H.T.N.) condition. The microstructure of 16Mn steel under the as-received condition is ferrite and pearlite, which corresponds to that of the base metal of welded elements, and the microstructure under the H.T.N. condition is mainly coarse Widmanstätten structure, which can be thought of as the simulated microstructure at the weld toe. The fatigue test results show that the high-temperature normalization results in the increase of FCP rates in near-threshold region and the decrease of both FCI and FCP thresholds, and FCI life of 16Mn steel. Little effect of the microstructure is observed on the FCP mechanism in the intermediate range (da/dN=10?8 to 10?6 m/cycle). Based on the test results and analysis, the general expressions are given for both FCI life and FCP rates under the two conditions. It is pointed out that which of the test results should be applied to prediction of FCI life and FCP life depends upon the FCI location and FCP path in the welded elements. 相似文献