纳米碳酸钙对透水混凝土力学与抗酸雨腐蚀性能的影响

为了分析纳米碳酸钙对透水混凝土力学性能和抗酸雨腐蚀性能的影响规律,制备了不同纳米碳酸钙添加量的透水混凝土试件,利用浓硝酸、硫酸铵和pH缓冲溶液配制了酸雨溶液,开展了不同酸雨溶液干湿循环下的力学性能测试,分析了纳米碳酸钙添加量和酸雨溶液干湿循环次数对混凝土透水系数、抗压强度、抗折强度的影响规律。研究结果表明：（1）随着纳米碳酸钙添加量的增大,混凝土的透水系数先增大后减小,而抗压强度和抗折值先减小后增大,拐点均出现在添加量为1.6%时;（2）随着酸雨腐蚀天数的增加,混凝土的透水系数先缓慢减小后快速增加,而抗压强度和弹性模量则先缓慢增大后快速减小;（3）添加4%以下的纳米碳酸钙均有利于透水混凝土抗酸雨腐蚀性能的提升,尤其是添加量为1.6%～2.4%时提升效应最为明显,性价比最高。     

混杂纤维增强应变硬化水泥基复合材料(HyFRSHCC)的力学性能

为提高高性能纤维增强水泥基复合材料的性价比,设计了一种由聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维、钢纤维以及碳酸钙晶须作为增强材料,水泥砂浆作为基体的混杂纤维增强应变硬化水泥基复合材料(HyFRSHCC).通过单轴压缩试验和四点弯曲试验对这种HyFRSHCC的抗压和抗弯性能进行了研究.结果表明HyFRSHCC的抗压强度高于基体材料,且在破坏时能保持良好的整体性;在弯曲荷载作用下表现出显著的应变硬化特征及多缝开裂行为,具有较高的能量吸收能力与变形能力.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的观察结果表明碳酸钙晶须在材料破坏过程中限制了微裂缝的发展,而PVA纤维与钢纤维实现了对宏观裂缝的控制.通过引入碳酸钙晶须和钢纤维可以适量代替价格较高的PVA纤维,降低纤维增强应变硬化水泥基复合材料的成本.     

钢-PVA混杂纤维增强工程水泥基复合材料弯曲性能研究

为了弥补现有钢-聚乙烯醇(PVA)混杂纤维增强工程水泥基复合材料造价过高、工程应用面狭窄的缺陷,本文通过使用廉价的国产PVA纤维部分替代日产PVA纤维制备出一种新型的多元混杂纤维增强工程水泥基复合材料(MFECC)。研究MFECC材料薄板试件的弯曲性能和破坏形态,对试件的弯曲韧性和性价比进行评价,并通过SPSS软件的多元非线性回归法建立极限弯曲性能预测模型。结果表明,引入国产PVA纤维后MFECC薄板的应变硬化力学行为和多缝开裂现象相较于仅掺日产PVA纤维时有所降低,但仍具有较高的强度与延性。当钢纤维、日产PVA纤维和国产PVA纤维体积掺量分别为0.2%、0%和2.0%时,MFECC的极限拉伸应变为4.4%,抗压强度为46.39 MPa,极限抗弯挠度可达12.697 mm,性价比最高。建立的MFECC薄板试件的极限弯曲性能预测模型对试验值的拟合度良好。     

玄武岩纤维对透水混凝土基本性能的影响研究

选取12、24 mm两种长度的玄武岩纤维，以0.05%、0.1%、0.15%、0.2%等四种体积掺量制备透水混凝土，通过测定透水混凝土28 d的抗压强度、抗折强度、孔隙率和透水系数，研究玄武岩纤维的长度和掺量对透水混凝土各项性能的影响。结果表明：玄武岩纤维的掺入有效提高了透水混凝土的强度，随着玄武岩纤维掺量的增加，抗压强度和抗折强度均呈现出先上升后下降的趋势；随着玄武岩纤维掺量的增加，透水性能逐渐下降，玄武岩纤维的掺入对透水性能产生不利影响；综合考虑强度和透水性能，适宜掺入的玄武岩纤维长度为24 mm,掺量在0.1%～0.15%之间。     

聚丙烯纤维及橡胶颗粒对透水混凝土性能的影响

以聚丙烯纤维及橡胶颗粒掺量为影响因素,通过测定透水混凝土的28 d抗压强度、抗折强度、孔隙率及透水系数等性能指标,获取聚丙烯纤维及橡胶颗粒掺量与透水混凝土力学性能及透水性能的关系.试验结果表明:粗骨料粒径为4.75~9.5 mm时,掺入橡胶颗粒和聚丙烯纤维皆会使透水混凝土的28 d抗压强度、抗折强度提高,但会使透水系数减小,透水性能下降;与掺加橡胶颗粒相比,掺加聚丙烯纤维可以更加明显地改善透水混凝土力学性能;随着掺入聚丙烯纤维以及橡胶颗粒比例的增加,透水混凝土28 d抗压强度、抗折强度性能指标上升的幅度逐渐减小,透水性能则逐渐下降.     

基于正交试验的透水再生混凝土性能优化试验研究

透水混凝土在缓解城市内涝、噪音效应和热岛效应等方面具有广泛的应用前景,但多孔导致的强度偏低限制了其进一步推广应用。本文采用再生粗骨料和聚丙烯纤维配制高性能透水再生混凝土,设计五因素四水平正交试验,采用极差法分析水胶比、目标孔隙率、再生粗骨料取代率、粉煤灰掺量和聚丙烯纤维掺量对透水再生混凝土抗压强度、有效孔隙率、透水系数的影响规律。结果表明：透水再生混凝土抗压强度影响因素的主次顺序为目标孔隙率>再生粗骨料取代率>水胶比>聚丙烯纤维掺量>粉煤灰掺量;透水再生混凝土抗压强度最大为48.26 MPa,此时透水系数为1.96 mm/s;随着目标孔隙率的提高抗压强度呈线性下降的趋势;40%再生粗骨料等质量取代天然粗骨料后,透水再生混凝土的抗压强度达到28.7 MPa,提高119.08%,透水系数增加9.44%;掺入0.11%体积掺量的聚丙烯纤维后透水再生混凝土的抗压强度达到27.4 MPa,提高幅度为10.48%,而且透水性能不会降低。研究结果可以为高性能透水再生混凝土的制备提供依据。     

基于PCA的PVA/钢HFRCC配合比优化和综合评估

将钢纤维、国产PVA纤维和日本可乐丽PVA纤维按照适宜比例进行配制,可以更好地发挥出混杂纤维增强水泥基材料(HFRCC)的力学性能,有利于控制成本,具有广泛的应用前景。本文通过因素优选法和主成分分析法(PCA)分析钢纤维掺量、国产PVA纤维对日产PVA纤维替代率(体积分数,下同)对HFRCC抗拉强度、抗压强度、抗弯强度的影响。通过对HFRCC主成分分析,建立综合性能评价的数学模型,并对其进行多目标优化。结果表明：运用因素优选法得到HFRCC极限强度对应的配合比,与基体强度指标相比,HFRCC的抗拉强度最大提升幅度为61.04%,抗压强度最大提升幅度为31.30%,抗弯强度的最大提升幅度为78.57%;当钢纤维掺量为0.2%～0.4%、国产PVA纤维对日产PVA纤维体积替代率为50%～100%时,成本最大降幅为88.25%,HFRCC强度指标可达最佳;各因素对HFRCC性能影响的权重占比依次为：国产PVA纤维掺量、日产PVA纤维掺量和抗弯强度共占46.28%,钢纤维掺量、抗压强度和抗弯强度共占25.58%,钢纤维掺量和抗拉强度共占22.25%。结合变量相关性分析,基于HFRCC性能优化时...     

混杂纤维对脱硫石膏基复合胶凝材料性能影响

掺加聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维、玄武岩纤维（BF）及混杂纤维（PVA纤维与BF）对脱硫石膏基复合胶凝材料性能进行改性,研究纤维复合材料的力学性能、耐水性能及耐干湿性能;应用电镜扫描技术对复合材料的微观形貌进行观察,探讨纤维对脱硫石膏基复合胶凝材料的影响机制。结果表明：PVA纤维掺量为1.5%时复合材料力学性能较好,试样的绝干抗折强度和绝干抗压强度较空白组分别提升了92.55%和32.62%;混杂纤维掺量为0.9%时耐水性能较好,试样的抗折软化系数较空白组提升了46.60%、吸水率低至13.87%;混杂纤维掺量为0.6%时耐干湿性能较优,干湿强度系数较空白组提升了50.74%。     

PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料高温性能研究

对PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料的高温性能进行研究,分别测试了该材料在经受不同高温后的质量损失、抗压强度以及弯曲韧性,并对其微观结构变化进行了分析.结果表明,相比于普通水泥基材料,PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料的抗压强度高,变形能力大,抗折强度高,弯曲韧性优越,其中纤维掺量为2％的试块28 d抗压强度达到45.98 MPa,抗折强度可达到14.10 MPa,最大挠度达到0.68 mm;高温处理后掺有PVA纤维的试块完整性良好,没有出现破坏性断裂,只表现为微小裂纹;随着温度的升高,不同纤维掺量砂浆试块的质量损失增大,抗压强度和抗折强度以一定的速率下降,但在800 ℃高温处理后试块仍具有一定的抗压强度和弯曲韧性,纤维掺量为2％的试块的抗压强度能达到18.9 MPa,最大挠度可保持在0.12 mm;根据微观测试可以看出,随着温度的升高,纤维缓慢熔出使试块内部出现相互交错的孔隙通道可有效防止试块高温爆裂,试块内部结构由致密变为松散蜂窝状.     

PVA纤维对超高韧性纤维水泥基改性复合材料力学性能试验

超高韧性纤维水泥基复合材料通过加入PVA纤维增强性能,通过实验方法,具体分析PVA纤维对超高韧性纤维水泥基复合材料力学性能的影响。主要分析PVA纤维类型和掺量对水泥基复合材料拉伸强度、抗压强度和弯曲强度的影响。结果表明,添加相对较多的PVA纤维时能够增强材料的阻裂增韧效果,进口的PVA纤维具有更高的拉伸强度;相比于抗拉强度,PVA纤维的类型和添加量对超高韧性纤维水泥基复合材料的抗压强度影响比较小;PVA纤维的弹性模量越大时,加入PVA纤维之后的复合材料具有更强的抗弯能力,另外PVA纤维掺量并不是越多,材料的抗弯性能越好。     

密度和黏结性可控的PE/POE/CaCO3体系颗粒流道调整剂的制备

采用聚乙烯（PE）、聚烯烃弹性体（POE）和碳酸钙（CaCO₃）共混制备了聚合物类颗粒流道调整剂,考察了不同CaCO₃含量和PE与POE比例条件下的PE/CaCO₃、POE/CaCO₃、PE/POE/CaCO₃三类颗粒流道调整剂的密度、熔点熔程、黏结性能、力学性能差异。结果表明,颗粒流道调整剂的密度随CaCO₃含量增加而增大,实现了1.05~1.20 g/cm³范围内可调;结合PE的熔融特性和POE的黏结性能,实现了黏结性能由PE/CaCO₃共混物熔融黏结转为POE/CaCO₃、PE/POE/CaCO₃体系软化黏结的可控调节;通过调节CaCO₃含量、PE与POE比例可以改变流道调整剂颗粒的熔点熔程和拉伸强度,相同CaCO₃含量时PE/POE/CaCO₃体系颗粒的拉伸强度随PE含量升高而增大。     

Microstructural and mechanical characteristics of compatibilized polypropylene hybrid composites containing potassium titanate whisker and liquid crystalline copolyester

Maleic anhydride (MA) compatibilized polypropylene (MPP) hybrid composites reinforced with potassium titanate whiskers (K₂Ti₆O₁₃) and liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) were prepared in a twin-screw extruder followed by injection molding. The surface of whiskers were treated with tetrabutyl orthotitanate before blending. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination showed that elongated LCP fibrils are formed in the skin section of hybrids reinforced with whiskers of various concentrations. Consequently, the hybrids reinforced with both LCP fibrils and whiskers exhibited anisotropic mechanical properties. Tensile test showed that longitudinal Young’s modulus and tensile strength of hybrids tend to increase with increasing whisker content. Moreover, the stiffness and tensile strength of hybrids were higher than those of MPP/K₂Ti₆O₁₃ composites. Such enhancement in mechanical properties resulted from the compatibilizing effect of MA-grafted-PP, and from the hybrid reinforcing effect of LCP fibrils and K₂Ti₆O₁₃ whiskers. Torque measurements revealed that LCP addition is beneficial in reducing the melt viscosity of MPP/K₂Ti₆O₁₃/LCP hybrids. The results of SEM observations generally correlate well with the mechanical measurements. The effects of MA compatibilization on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hybrids are discussed.     

Colloidal Processing and Mechanical Properties of Whisker-Reinforced Mullite Matrix Composites

Aqueous colloidal suspensions in the two systems of CVD-processed ultrafine mullite powder (<0.1 μm), -Si₃N₄ whisker and -mullite whisker, were prepared near the isoelectric point of mullite (pH 7.0) to prevent cracking during drying of wet green compacts consolidated by filtration. The freeze-dried porous green compacts were hot-pressed with a carbon die at 1500°C for 1 h at a pressure of 39 MPa in N₂ atmosphere. The relative densities of the mullite matrix composites with whiskers of 0 to 10 vol% were in the range of 95.2% to 99.8%. Increasing the fraction of Si₃N₄ whisker increased the density, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of the hot-pressed composites. On the other hand, addition of the mullite whisker increased the fracture toughness but decreased the density and strength of the composites.     

PVA纤维表面改性对水泥基复合材料弯曲性能的影响

采用有机硅柔软剂对国产聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维进行表面改性,并制备了纤维增强水泥基复合材料(PVA-ECC)。采用扫描电子显微镜研究了有机硅柔软剂改性对PVA纤维表面结构的影响,用三点弯曲试验研究了有机硅柔软剂改性的PVA纤维对PVA-ECC复合材料弯曲性能的影响。研究结果表明:随着有机硅柔软剂含量的增加,PVA-ECC的极限弯曲强度和极限跨中挠度均先增加再减小,当有机硅柔软剂质量分数为7%时,极限弯曲强度和极限跨中挠度达到最大值,分别为5.627 MPa和2.123 mm;用ASTM C1609标准分析PVA-ECC三点弯曲韧性,当有机硅柔软剂质量分数为7%时,弯曲韧性达到最大值。     

油酸修饰纳米CaCO3对PP结晶行为和力学性能的影响

Oleic acid (OA)-modified CaCO3 nanoparticles were prepared using surface modification method. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) was used to investigate the structure of the modified CaCO3 nanoparticles, and the result showed that OA attached to the surface of CaCO3 nanoparticles with the ionic bond. Effect of OA concentration on the dispersion stability of CaCO3 in heptane was also studied, and the result indicated that modified CaCO3 nanoparticles dispersed in heptane more stably than unmodified ones. The optimal proportion of OA to CaCO3 was established. The effect of modified CaCO3 nanoparticles on crystallization behavior of polypropylene (PP) was studied by means of DSC. It was found that CaCO3 significantly increased the crystallization temperature, crystal-lization degree and crystallization rate of PP, and the addition of modified CaCO3 nanoparticles can lead to the for-mation of β-crystal PP. Effect of the modified CaCO3 content on mechanical properties of PP/CaCO3 nanocompo-sites was also studied. The results showed that the modified CaCO3 can effectively improve the mechanical proper-ties of PP. In comparison with PP, the impact strength of PP/CaCO3 nanocomposites increased by about 65% and the flexural strength increased by about 20%.     

Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystals Reinforced with SiC Whiskers

The microstructure and the mechanical properties of hot-pressed tetragonal ZrO₂ polycrystals (TZP) reinforced with up to 30 vol% SiC whiskers were studied. The SiC whisker-TZP composites were stable under the hot-pressing conditions at 1450°C. Annealing in an oxidizing atmosphere at ∼1000°C resulted in glass formation and microcracking caused by whisker oxidation and transformation of the ZrO₂ grains near the whiskers to monoclinic symmetry. The fracture toughness was markedly improved by the dispersed whiskers (∼12 Mpa·m^1/2 at 30 vol% SiC) compared to the values measured for the matrix (∼6 Mpa·m^1/2). The flexural strength of the hot-pressed TZP-30 vol% SiC whisker composite at 1000°C (∼400 MPa) was twice that of the TZP matrix.     

Crack Deflection as a Toughening Mechanism in SiC-Whisker-Reinforced MoSi2

Crack propagation in SiC-whisker-reinforced MoSi₂ was studied. In particular, the deflection angles of the cracks were examined to determine the degree to which they are affected by the whisker reinforcement. The composite studied was hot-pressed MoSi₂ with 20 vol% vapor-liquid-solid β-SiC whiskers. A substantial difference was found between the deflection angles of cracks formed in the reinforced MoSi₂ and those in a control sample with no whiskers, showing the process of crack deflection as an important, but not the only, toughening mechanism.     

硼酸铝-六钛酸钾晶须复合隔热材料制备与性能

以硼酸、氢氧化铝、六钛酸钾晶须(PTW)等为主要原料,采用固相烧结法制备了硼酸铝-六钛酸钾晶须复合隔热材料,研究了预合成硼酸铝晶须(ABW)对材料显微结构、力学性能及隔热性能等方面的影响。结果表明:随着制备温度的提高,ABW与PTW由点接触转变为晶须间通过K_1.5(Al_1.5Ti_6.5)O₁₆相结合,提高了复合隔热材料的致密度和耐压强度;细小的ABW在PTW之间形成了尺寸更小的孔隙,通过减少对流和辐射传热,显著提高了晶须复合隔热材料的隔热性能。控制PTW、预合成ABW、炭黑质量比为9∶1∶3,在1 100 ℃可制得体积密度为1.11 g/cm³、耐压强度为3.5 MPa、导热系数为0.11~0.16 W/(m·K)(200~800 ℃)的硼酸铝-六钛酸钾晶须复合隔热材料。     

Hybrid effect,mechanical properties and enhancement mechanism of oil-well cement stone with multiscale silicon carbide whisker

Cement-based materials typically have a relatively high compressive strength and a relatively low tensile strength. In this paper, multiscale silicon carbide whiskers (SW) were used to improve mechanical properties of oil-well cement stone. The structure and properties of whisker cement stone were analyzed via mechanical testing and cement sheath integrity. The results demonstrated that multiscale SW mixing showed a positive hybrid effect and could effectively improve the compressive strength, the flexural strength, and the splitting tensile strength of oil-well cement stone by 8.96%, 137.44% and 27.96%. The modulus and porosity of the whisker cement stone significantly reduced. The filling effect, whisker pinning, the pullout, and the whisker bridging were regarded as effective mechanisms for the addition of SW when improving the mechanical properties and microstructures of oil-well cement stone.     

PP/PVA纤维增强硫铝酸盐水泥基快速修补材料试验研究

针对交通压力增大,公路桥梁路面易出现疲劳破坏的问题,提出以聚丙烯(PP)纤维与聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维提升硫铝酸盐水泥基快速修补材料性能。分别探究了PP纤维与PVA纤维单掺及复掺对硫铝酸盐水泥基快速修补材料流动度、强度以及韧性的影响,并进一步研究了最优复掺比例对修补材料粘结强度及体积稳定性的影响。结果表明:单掺PP纤维对修补材料砂浆流动度影响较小,并且能显著提升抗折强度,掺入0.2%(体积分数,下同)的PP纤维流动度仅下降4%,1 d和28 d抗折强度分别达到了12.8 MPa、15.5 MPa。单掺PVA纤维会大幅减小修补材料砂浆流动度,提升抗压强度,掺入0.2%的PVA纤维流动度下降21%,1 d和28 d抗压强度分别达到了56.6 MPa、84.3 MPa。当PP和PVA纤维按3:1的比例,以0.2%的总体积掺量进行复掺时,两种纤维可以发挥协同作用使修补材料不仅可以获得良好的流动性能、强度与韧性,同时获得较好粘结强度与体积稳定性。28 d时修补材料砂浆的粘结强度达到5.6 MPa,干燥收缩率低至2.73×10^-4,可以更好地满足公路桥梁路面、伸缩缝的快速修补需求。