不同蒙脱石的有机插层及聚合剥离

以成因、类型、性质不同的6种蒙脱石为原料,制备了有机插层和聚酰胺6／蒙脱石纳米复合材料。研究了蒙脱石矿物类型、成分及阳离子交换容量对其有机插层及聚合剥离的影响。结果表明：有机插层蒙脱石层间距随插层剂用量及阳离子交换容量的增加而增加,低阳离子交换容量及高钠含量蒙脱石更有利于插层剥离。钠化对蒙脱石有机插层影响不明显。     

蒙脱石狭缝中二氧化碳的分子动力学模拟

本文采用分子动力学方法研究稠密二氧化碳在蒙脱石狭缝孔中的结构性质。二氧化碳在孔内固体表面形成高密度层,孔宽不同时该密度层与固体表面的距离固定。二氧化碳分子轴线与固体表面法向量的夹角在一定范围之内。随着孔宽的减少,受限二氧化碳的C-C径向分布函数第一峰的高度增加,在宽孔中只有处在接触层位置的流体才表现出长程有序的结构。     

蒙脱石层电荷密度对其二维纳米片剥离的影响

以2种典型不同层电荷密度的蒙脱石为研究对象,通过烷基铵法测定了2种蒙脱石的层电荷密度,分别为0.342和0.439.研究了层电荷密度对蒙脱石二维剥离及其剥离后纳米片表面电性的影响.通过分子动力学模拟解释了层电荷密度对蒙脱石剥离二维纳米片和水化膨胀能力的影响机理.结果表明:层电荷密度低的蒙脱石具有更好的水化膨胀能力,更易...     

蒙脱石制备插层复合材料的研究进展

蒙脱石是一种具有离子交换性的层状硅酸盐粘土矿物,利用其结构特性可以制备插层复合材料。这种通过插层反应得到的复合材料兼有无机主体和客体分子的性质,从而表现出不同于单一组分所具有的催化、吸附以及光、电、磁等性能,在构筑下一代的光学、光电纳米器件,化学或生物传感器,分子识别以及催化等领域存在潜在应用的价值。     

蒙脱石制备插层复合材料的研究进展

蒙脱石是一种具有离子交换性的层状硅酸盐粘土矿物,利用其结构特性可以制备插层复合材料。这种通过插层反应得到的复合材料兼有无机主体和客体分子的性质,从而表现出不同于单一组分所具有的催化、吸附以及光、电、磁等性能,在构筑下一代的光学、光电纳米器件,化学或生物传感器,分子识别以及催化等领域存在潜在应用的价值。     

蒙脱石制备插层复合材料的研究进展

蒙脱石是一种具有离子交换性的层状硅酸盐粘土矿物,利用其结构特性可以制备插层复合材料。这种通过插层反应得到的复合材料兼有无机主体和客体分子的性质,从而表现出不同于单一组分所具有的催化、吸附以及光、电、磁等性能,在构筑下一代的光学、光电纳米器件,化学或生物传感器,分子识别以及催化等领域存在潜在应用的价值。     

聚酰胺改性用插层蒙脱石制备和性能研究

介绍了聚酰胺改性用插层蒙脱石制备方法、性能和应用。其中将自制的非反应型插层蒙脱石用熔体挤出法制备蒙脱石／尼龙6纳米复合材料,其拉伸强度为84．41MPa、抗弯强度为115．40MPa、热变形温度(0．45MPa)为189℃。     

二次插层法制备有机蒙脱石的研究

用甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作为插层剂,采取二次插层法制备了有机化蒙脱石,并对一次插层法和二次插层法的效果进行了比较,结果表明,经过二次插层反应后,蒙脱石的层间距从1nm左右增大至3nm,有利于有机分子的进入和形成新的蒙脱石有机复合物。     

季铵盐插层剂对高密度聚乙烯性能的影响

采用季铵盐阳离子作为插层剂与钠基蒙脱土层间的无机阳离子进行离子交换,制备系列有机化蒙脱土,利用红外光谱对蒙脱土的结构进行表征,结果表明,插层剂已进入蒙脱土的层间.同时将有机化蒙脱土与HDPE进行熔融插层,制备了纳米聚乙烯复合材料,研究了插层剂对其部分力学性能的影响.     

PDM-AM/纳米插层复合蒙脱石和PDM-AM-GL/纳米插层复合蒙脱石性能的对比

以单体转化率、聚合物的特性黏度和复合材料旋转黏度为指标,对聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺(polymer diallyldimethylammonium chloride-acryhmide,PDM-AM)/纳米插层复合蒙脱石(montmorillonite,MMT)和聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺-乙二醛(glyoxal,GL)(PDM-AM-OL)/纳米插层复合MMT分别进行了研究,并对其进行了Fourier红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,FTIR)分析和X射线衍射(x-raydiffraction,XRD)检测.将PDM-AM/纳米插层复合MMT和PDM-AM-GL/纳米插层复合MMT分别应用于皮革预鞣,再用质量分数为2%的标准铬粉鞣制.FTIR结果表明:单体在蒙脱石的存在下成功聚合,通过离心处理能够将聚合物与蒙脱石成功分离.XRD结果表明:PDM-AM/纳米插层复合MMT和PDM-AM-GL,纳米插层复合MMT中蒙脱石的层间距的变化规律相一致.PDM-AM/纳米插层复合MMT与GL的反应使得蒙脱石的层间距有所增加.应用结果表明:采用PDM-AM/纳米插层复合MMT预鞣不利于2%铬粉鞣制;然而当引入醛基之后,采用PDM-AM-GL/纳米插层复合MMT预鞣后,坯革的耐湿热稳定性、填充性均优于单独采用2%铬粉鞣制的坯革.     

插层法制备环氧树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究

选用有机化蒙脱土，分别利用溶液插层和熔融插层法制备了环氧树脂／蒙脱土纳米复合材料，研究了上述复合体系的黏度、插层体系的固化反应性及插层方法对于相结构的影响。结果表明：插层剂对环氧树脂在低温时的反应性将产生一定的影响，但在高温反应时的影响不大；其黏度随着蒙脱土的引入而增大，并显现出触变性；采用不同的插层方法均可得到类似的复合体系的相结构。     

PVC/montmorillonite nanocomposites based on a thermally stable,rigid‐rod aromatic amine modifier

Two kinds of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by the melt intercalation method based on a thermally stable, rigid‐rod aromatic amine modifier and a commonly used 1‐hexadecylamine. The information on morphological structure of PVC/MMT nanocomposites was obtained using XRD and TEM. The mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant properties of the nanocomposites were characterized by universal tester, DMA, TGA, and cone calorimeter. The degree of degradation of PVC was studied by ¹H‐NMR. MMT treated by the aromatic amine exhibited better dispersibility than that treated by 1‐hexadecylamine. The nanocomposites, based on this MMT, consequently exhibited better mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant properties and lower degradation degree than those based on 1‐hexadecylamine‐treated MMT. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 567–575, 2004     

聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究进展

综述了聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备、结构类型等,并以尼龙、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯等聚合物为例,介绍了纳米复合材料的最新研究进展。     

Effect of organophilic montmorillonite on polyurethane/montmorillonite nanocomposites

Different kinds of organophilic montmorillonite cotreated by cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and aminoundecanoic acid (AUA) were synthesized and applied to prepare polyurethane/montmorillonite nanocomposites via solution intercalation. The results of wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and transmission electron microscopy showed that, for the montmorillonite modified with CTAB and CTAB/AUA (molar ratio of 1/2), an ordered intercalated nanostructure was derived, while for the montmorillonite treated with AUA, a disordered nanostructure was derived. The tensile properties of the polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites showed higher enhancement relative to PU matrix. TG showed that there is some enhancement in degradation behavior between the nanocomposites and PU matrix. DMTA results showed that nanocomposites from some organophilic montmorillonites showed a much higher storage modulus below and above glass transition temperature, while the nanocomposites from montmorillonite treated by AUA show an even lower storage modulus. The loss curves showed that the main glass transition temperature of PU was improved to some extent for the nanocomposites. The water absorption of PU and nanocomposites was also studied and the difference in reduction was thoroughly analyzed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2536–2542, 2004     

Correlation of exfoliation performance with interlayer cations of montmorillonite in the preparation of two-dimensional nanosheets

Montmorillonite (MMT) can be exfoliated into nanosheets used in a wide range of applications as two-dimensional (2D) material. The exfoliated MMT nanosheets with high diameter–thickness ratio appear to show superior properties in preparation of nanocomposites and other functional materials. In this work, the correlation of exfoliation performance with interlayer cations of MMT in the preparation of 2D nanosheets was investigated. The thickness and lateral diameter of MMT nanosheets were quantitatively measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique. AFM results showed the exfoliated K-MMT had larger lateral diameter and thinner thickness than the exfoliated Ca-MMT under the same exfoliation conditions. Molecular simulation was applied to investigate the interlayer-binding energy (IBE), population analysis and density of states. K-MMT structures tend to have higher in-plane chemical bond intensity than Ca-MMT because of the impact of antibonding. The IBE of K-MMT was higher than that of Ca-MMT after the sorption of water molecules into the neighboring monolayers, indicating that thinner naonosheets tend to be easier obtained from Ca-MMT than K-MMT in liquid exfoliation. These findings might be helpful for the preparation and application of 2D MMTNS through controlling interlayer cation species and the exfoliation properties of MMT.     

超临界二氧化碳中季铵盐插层改性蒙脱土的制备和结构调控

为了改善蒙脱土的层间结构、分散状态和表面形貌,在以超临界二氧化碳为媒介的环境下,利用十四烷基三甲基溴化铵对钠基蒙土进行有机插层改性,并考察了反应压强和洗涤方式对插层效果的影响。利用热重分析仪(TGA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和比表面积仪(BET)对样品进行分析和表征。结果表明,当温度和试剂用量一定,反应压强为20 MPa,并且采用先蒸馏水洗涤再乙醇洗涤的后处理方式时,插层效果较好。在此条件下,季铵盐成功插层到蒙脱土片层,间距由1.31 nm增加到1.70 nm,样品中仍然存在一些聚集体结构,但是颗粒粒径减小,颗粒形貌变得蓬松。     

Application of block copolymeric surface modifier with crosslinkable units for montmorillonite nanocomposites

Montmorillonite (MMT) of which the surface was modified with a block copolymer with crosslinkable units was incorporated into methacrylate‐based composites as nanofiller to improve dimensional and mechanical properties. A bifunctional block copolymer containing 2‐isocyanato ethyl methacrylate in one block and poly(vinyl pyridine) units in the other block was prepared as the block copolymeric surface modifier for MMT through controlled/“living” radical polymerization technique. Application of the modified MMT in 2,2‐bis[4‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methacryloyl‐oxy)phenyl]propane (bis‐GMA) based composites showed that polymerization shrinkages of the composites decreased as the content of modified MMT increased. Compressive and flexural strengths of the composites were also improved in the presence of the modified MMT, which demonstrate the beneficial effect of the modified MMT as a nanofiller and IEM as a cocrosslinkable unit. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Studies of particle dispersion in plasticized poly(vinyl chloride)/montmorillonite nanocomposites

Poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) were mixed with 5 and 10 wt % of Cloisite Na⁺, Cloisite 30B or Cloisite 93A. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized by thermal analysis using a thermogravimetric analyzer which showed that addition of 5 wt % of nanoclay to PVC increased its thermal stability in the sequence: Cloisite Na⁺< Cloisite 93A< Cloisite 30B. The electrical conductivity of these composites was studied as a function of temperatures and showed that the conductivity of PVC was enhanced upon using 5 wt % of nanoclay in the sequence: Cloisite Na⁺< Cloisite 30B < Cloisite 93A. The activation energy of interaction of PVC with nanoclay was found to be lowest for the composite containing 5 wt % of nanoclay in the same sequence. The tensile strength, elongation (%), and Young's modulus were considerably enhanced upon increasing the clay content to 5 wt % in the sequence: Cloisite Na⁺< Cloisite 93A < Cloisite 30B. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study these nanocomposite structures, and it was found that the organoclay layers are homogeneously dispersed in the PVC matrix when 5 wt % of Cloisite 30B or Cloisite 93A was used. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012