PDMS基摩擦纳米发电机膜内掺杂

基于新的力电转换机理,摩擦纳米发电机(TENG)将自然界中微弱机械能转化为电能,并为小型用电设备供电成为可能,而柔性材料的应用更为低功耗设备的便携性及适应环境能力提供了保证.基于聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)材料制备出柔性TENG,并研究膜内掺杂工艺对TENG输出性能的影响规律.通过系统测试可知,使用碳黑材料作为填充物可以...     

摩擦纳米发电机输出性能提升及自驱动防腐系统

摩擦纳米发电机(TENG)是一种基于摩擦起电和静电感应的新型绿色能源转化装置,能够将环境中各种形式的机械能转化为电能,TENG产生的电能可用于电化学防腐.制备了氧化石墨烯(GO)掺杂聚氯乙烯(PVC)复合薄膜,基于PVC复合薄膜组装TENG,研究不同掺杂质量分数的GO对TENG输出性能的影响.研究结果表明,当GO的掺杂...     

摩擦纳米发电机及其应用

摩擦纳米发电机(TENG)可以收集环境中不同形式的机械能并将其转化成电能,具有材料选择广泛、制作成本低廉、可多功能集成等优势。详细介绍了TENG的基本概念,比较说明了TENG与传统电磁发电机的区别与显著优势,总结了基于不同摩擦方式TENG的详细工作机理,并从工作模式角度综述了TENG由单一模式向组合创新的混合模式发展的研究进展。另外,详细举例介绍了TENG在环境监测、便携式电子产品和自驱动传感器方面的应用。最后,针对TENG目前存在的问题及当今智能化、微型化的科技发展潮流,提出了TENG的三个发展方向:提高其耐高温性能、生物相容性能和灵敏度。     

基于拱形结构的摩擦-压电复合式能量采集器

随着纳米技术和加工工艺的发展,纳米发电机被提出用于将自然界中微弱低频振动机械能转化为电能,进而为小型传感系统长续航工作提供可能.基于摩擦纳米发电机和压电纳米发电机的电荷积累与转移规律,设计了拱形结构并构建了摩擦-压电复合式能量采集器,将两种力-电转换模式有效整合,并突破了以往能量采集器只能收集垂直方向机械能的限制.搭建...     

非接触式摩擦纳米发电机电荷补偿方法

摩擦纳米发电机(TENG)是一种很有前途的环境能量收集装置,由于其发电原理为不同材料间的相互接触摩擦,使得材料磨损严重,严重降低了设备的机械耐久性和电能输出稳定性。非接触式TENG是解决材料磨损最直接有效的方法,但非接触式TENG会因为电荷量衰减而导致发电效率降低。基于此,利用摩擦电极间接触力响应的滞后特性,结合凸轮装置的行程控制方法,通过电极间低-高-低接触压力的周期性转换,实现对非接触式TENG的电荷补偿。经电荷补偿后非接触式TENG的电压增加了约50 V,电荷量增加了约20 nC,在最佳负载电阻下功率密度增加了约6 mW/m²,有效地提高了非接触式TENG的输出性能。此外,该电荷补偿方法可以在无需改变任何激励条件下自动切换工作模式,为非接触式TENG有效地进行电荷补偿,可为摩擦纳米发电机的寿命提升研究提供参考。     

基于聚二甲基硅氧烷微米结构的柔性单电极摩擦纳米发电机

摩擦纳米发电机已经广泛用于日常生活中收集各种机械能并转换为电能,作为触摸屏和智能皮肤技术的自供能传感系统.为了提高能量转换效率,设计了一种单电极的摩擦纳米发电机(S-TENG).将表面含有微米尺度浮雕结构的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)作为S-TENG的摩擦层,一层厚度为20 nm的铟锡氧化物膜作为电极层,通过外部电路可以...     

基于多孔中空振子的球形摩擦纳米发电机性能研究北大核心CSCD

为研发高效获取波浪能的滚动式摩擦纳米发电机(TENG),针对其内部机械结构提出一种基于多孔聚合物包覆的中空振子结构球形TENG,用于收集水体环境的中低频振动机械能。借助绿色无污染的糖模板工艺,在球形骨架外表面原位聚合多孔硅胶包覆层(厚度<10 mm),并与铝电极、聚酰亚胺薄膜和亚克力球壳组装球形TENG以收集低频不规则的振动能。采用扫描电镜对该包覆层结构进行表征,其孔隙结构有利于振子与聚酰亚胺介电层之间的接触和摩擦,与实心和全泡沫结构振子相比功率输出更大,共可点亮26个功率约为0.06 W的直插式LED灯,同时多孔包覆层结构大幅提升了球形滚动式TENG的开路电压(84 V)和短路电流(13μA)。此外,利用Comsol仿真分析结果对该结构纳米摩擦发电机的工作原理进行讨论,为球形TENG的优化设计和最终走向实用化提供了新途径。     

基于摩擦纳米发电机的波浪能采集系统的研究进展

简单阐述了近年来摩擦纳米发电机(TENG)的工作原理、四种工作模式以及性能优化的方法,并对其四种工作模式的典型结构、优缺点、应用场合以及影响输出功率的主要因素进行了总结.重点介绍了固-液接触型、带有内部机械结构型、混合发电型以及其他类型的用于波浪能收集的TENG的几种结构设计,并对它们的性能以及优缺点进行了比较.介绍了...     

鞋式能量收集器的研究现状及发展趋势

收集足部运动所产生的各种机械能并转换为电能的鞋式能量收集器,在可穿戴式微型传感器中具有巨大的应用前景,受到了国内外研究人员的广泛关注。文章系统调研了国内外鞋式能量收集器的研究进展。根据足部运动产生的不同的激励,将鞋式能量收集器分为直接加载型和惯性激励型两大类。重点分析了这两类能量收集器的结构、工作原理及其优缺点,并总结了鞋式能量收集器的发展趋势。     

用于水波能量收集的摩擦纳米发电机研究进展

简单阐述了摩擦纳米发电机(TENG)的工作原理与四种工作模式及电极材料对摩擦纳米发电机的影响,重点介绍了垂直接触-分离模式结构和独立层模式结构用于水波能量收集的摩擦纳米发电机的结构设计,并对它们的性能与应用进行分析。介绍了电路管理模块用于水波能量收集的摩擦纳米发电机的设计,并详细介绍了它们的性能及作用。总结了近年来水波能量收集型摩擦纳米发电机通过收集水波能量在水波的作用下所实现的功能。最后,对水波能量收集型摩擦纳米发电机收集水波能量方面当前存在的问题进行了分析与总结,并展望了水波能量收集型摩擦纳米发电机未来的发展方向。     

Elastic-Connection and Soft-Contact Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Superior Durability and Efficiency

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has received tremendous attention in ambient energy harvesting, especially for ocean wave energy. However, the technology is generally challenged to obtain excellent durability and high efficiency simultaneously, which primarily overshadows their further industrial-scale applications. Here, a dual-mode and frequency multiplied TENG with ultrahigh durability and efficiency for ultralow frequency mechanical energy harvesting via the elastic connection and soft contact design is proposed. By introducing the spring and flexible dielectric fluff to the novel pendulum-like structural design, the surface triboelectric charges of TENG are replenished in soft contact mode under the intermittent mechanical excitation, while the robustness and durability are enhanced in non-contact working mode. The fabricated TENG results in a continuous electrical output for 65 s by one stimulus with a high energy conversion efficiency, as well as negligible change of output performance after a total of 2 000 000 cycles. Moreover, integrated with the power management circuit, the TENG array is demonstrated to drive the electronics by effectively harvesting wind and water wave energy as a sustainable energy source. This work paves a new pathway to enhance the robustness, durability, and efficiency of the TENG that resolves the bottleneck of its practical applications and industrialization.     

Self-Healable Triboelectric Nanogenerators: Marriage between Self-Healing Polymer Chemistry and Triboelectric Devices

Based on the triboelectrification and electrostatic induction coupling, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, showing a promising potential in the fields of micro/nano energy and self-powered sensors applications. However, the devices are prone to malfunction due to fatigue and damage, limiting their development and applications. In this review, according to the working modes and operational malfunctions as well as the possible solutions, it is proposed that a robust TENG device can be constructed from three perspectives: self-healing friction layers, self-healing electrodes, and self-healing whole devices. Based on the structure, suitable environment, and self-healing materials, the design ideas and fabrication approaches of self-healing TENGs in recent years are summarized in detail. Finally, the development of self-healing TENGs in energy harvesting and self-powered sensors is outlined. It is the wish to provide insights and guidance for the application design of self-healing TENGs in the future.     

Tribotronic Phototransistor for Enhanced Photodetection and Hybrid Energy Harvesting

Tribotronics is a new field developed by coupling triboelectricity and semiconductor, which can drive triboelectric‐charge‐controlled optoelectronic devices by further introducing optoelectronics. In this paper, a tribotronic phototransistor (TPT) is proposed by coupling a field‐effect phototransistor and a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), in which the contact‐induced inner gate voltage by the mobile frictional layer is used for modulating the photodetection characteristics of the TPT. Based on the TPT, alternatively, a coupled energy‐harvester (CEH) is fabricated for simultaneously scavenging solar and wind energies, in which the output voltage on the external resistance from the wind driven TENG is used as the gate voltage of the TPT for enhancing the solar energy conversion. As the wind speed increases, the photovoltaic characteristics of the CEH including the short‐circuit current, open‐circuit voltage, and maximal output power have been greatly enhanced. This work has greatly expanded the functionality of tribotronics in photodetection and energy harvesting, and provided a potential solution for highly efficient harvesting and utilizing multitype energy.     

一种基于压电片的能量转换装置及其优化设计

为完成环境能量向电能的转化,设计了一种利用压电元件转化环境能量的能量转换装置。该装置利用风力驱动悬梁臂式压力发电组件旋转,同时使压电片振动而产生电能。依据压电材料的基本理论建立了装置的输出模型,并采用基于状态空间模型的进化算法对装置进行优化设计。开展了能量转换装置的实验测试,实验结果表明,该装置可高效地完成环境能量向电能的转化。本装置的设计为清洁环境能源的收集提供了新方法,也指出了振动能量采集装置的研究前景。     

Liquid‐Metal Electrode for High‐Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerator at an Instantaneous Energy Conversion Efficiency of 70.6%

Harvesting ambient mechanical energy is a key technology for realizing self‐powered electronics, which has tremendous applications in wireless sensing networks, implantable devices, portable electronics, etc. The currently reported triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) mainly uses solid materials, so that the contact between the two layers cannot be 100% with considering the roughness of the surfaces, which greatly reduces the total charge density that can be transferred and thus the total energy conversion efficiency. In this work, a liquid‐metal‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (LM‐TENG) is developed for high power generation through conversion of mechanical energy, which allows a total contact between the metal and the dielectric. Due to that the liquid–solid contact induces large contacting surface and its shape adaptive with the polymer thin films, the LM‐TENG exhibits a high output charge density of 430 μC m^?2, which is four to five times of that using a solid thin film electrode. And its power density reaches 6.7 W m^?2 and 133 kW m^?3. More importantly, the instantaneous energy conversion efficiency is demonstrated to be as high as 70.6%. This provides a new approach for improving the performance of the TENG for special applications. Furthermore, the liquid easily fluctuates, which makes the LM‐TENG inherently suitable for vibration energy harvesting.     

Highly Conductive Ferroelectric Cellulose Composite Papers for Efficient Triboelectric Nanogenerators

Paper‐based electronics has attracted growing interest owing to many advantages of papers including low‐cost, abundance, flexibility, biocompatibility, and environmental friendliness. Despite recent progress in paper electronics, however, development of a high‐performance paper‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which is a power‐generating device that converts mechanical energy into electric energy by coupling triboelectrification and electrostatic induction, remains a challenge mainly due to weak electron‐donating tendency of cellulose‐based papers. In this work, highly conductive ferroelectric cellulose composite papers containing silver nanowires and BaTiO₃ nanoparticles are fabricated, and their successful application for realizing a large‐area TENG with enhanced electrical output performance is demonstrated. It is found that triboelectric charge generation on the ferroelectric cellulose composite paper can be promoted by simple poling treatment, which significantly enhances TENG performance. The ferroelectric cellulose composite paper–based TENG exhibits an electrical output performance that surpasses those of aluminum‐based and pristine cellulose–based TENGs by more than two times, as well as outstanding output stability without a noticeable degradation in performance during 10 000 cycles of a repeated pushing test. The work demonstrates the great potential of multifunctional cellulose‐based papers for TENG and other self‐powered electronic applications.     

Multilayered Cylindrical Triboelectric Nanogenerator to Harvest Kinetic Energy of Tree Branches for Monitoring Environment Condition and Forest Fire

Forest fires present a great threat as they can rapidly grow and become large, resulting in tragic loss of life and property when occurring near occupied land. Here a self‐powered fire alarm system based on a novel multilayered cylindrical triboelectric nanogenerator (MC‐TENG) that can produce electrical power for the detection sensors by harvesting the kinetic energy of moving tree branches in a forest is presented. The major parameters for harvesting the kinetic energy using the proposed MC‐TENG are investigated, including the number of triboelectric layers, the frequency, the amplitude of external excitation, and the orientation between motion direction and device configuration. The fabricated MC‐TENG results in a peak power of 2.9 mW and a maximum average power of 1.2 mW at a low frequency of 1.25 Hz. The integrated self‐powered forest fire alarm system, consisting of fire sensors, a carbon‐based micro‐supercapacitor, and the MC‐TENG, is demonstrated to be able to report fire risk or hazard efficiently, accurately, and robustly. This study provides a new solution to reduce the forest fire risk through a portable and sustainable alarm system by effectively harvesting kinetic energies in natural environment with TENG technology.     

Tilting‐Sensitive Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Energy Harvesting from Unstable/Fluctuating Surfaces

The invention of triboelectric nanogenerators provides an opportunity to utilize previously wasted mechanical energy. The sway energy of ships that affects navigation and comfort on board has been considered negative in the past. Here, a tilting‐sensitive triboelectric nanogenerator (TS‐TENG) that can effectively harvest energy from unstable/fluctuating surfaces is demonstrated by using the sway energy of ships. The device adopts integrated blade structures on sliders, which make it sensitive to tilts and guarantee its power output. The response of the device to tilt agitations of different slopes and frequencies is systematically investigated. Rotational symmetry configuration is used to improve the motion stability of the device by excluding extra torque on the sliders. The peak power density and average power density of the TS‐TENG can reach 1.41 and 0.1 W m^?3, respectively, in low‐frequency and low‐amplitude fluctuating conditions. By the excellent performance of harvesting energy from unstable/fluctuating surfaces, the TS‐TENG is considered promising for powering various distributed sensor devices on the ship for smart ships.     

Spherical Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Spring‐Assisted Multilayered Structure for Efficient Water Wave Energy Harvesting

Making use of water wave energy at large is one of the most attractive, low‐carbon, and renewable ways to generate electric power. The emergence of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) provides a new approach for effectively harvesting such low‐frequency, irregular, and “random” energy. In this work, a TENG array consisting of spherical TENG units based on spring‐assisted multilayered structure is devised to scavenge water wave energy. The introduction of spring structure enhances the output performance of the spherical TENG by transforming low‐frequency water wave motions into high‐frequency vibrations, while the multilayered structure increases the space utilization, leading to a higher output of a spherical unit. Owing to its unique structure, the output current of one spherical TENG unit could reach 120 µA, which is two orders of magnitude larger than that of previous rolling spherical TENG, and a maximum output power up to 7.96 mW is realized as triggered by the water waves. The TENG array fabricated by integrating four units is demonstrated to successfully drive dozens of light‐emitting diodes and power an electronic thermometer. This study provides a new type of TENG device with improved performance toward large‐scale blue energy harvesting from the water waves.     

Harvesting Multidirectional Breeze Energy and Self-Powered Intelligent Fire Detection Systems Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Fluid-Dynamic Modeling

Fire warning and monitoring are very important for public safety and environmental protection. However, most of the proposed wind energy conversion devices based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) only work for unidirectional and high-speed wind and face the challenge of fatigue damage and even failure caused by cyclic stress. Moreover, TENG guided by the theory of fluid dynamics needs further exploration. Herein, a flow-induced vibration effect based TENG (F-TENG) for continuously capturing and monitoring multidirectional breeze (1.8–4.3 m s⁻¹) is developed to build a self-powered intelligent fire detection system (SIFDS). A dynamic model is proposed to study the intrinsic interaction between the electrical properties of F-TENG and wind. Since the model optimized F-TENG is more adaptable to wind characteristics, it delivers better performance and higher durability compared with previous studies. Relying on the dynamic model and combining the relationship between F-TENG's electrical output and wind characteristics, a self-powered visual wind sensing system is obtained. F-TENG successfully drives some electronic devices to monitor environmental information, which is expected to provide data for SIFDS to reduce fire hazards. This study can provide an in-depth understanding of the electromechanical conversion mechanism and large-scale capture and utilization of breeze energy.