聚醚砜中空纤维膜的制备

讨论了在二次成形聚醚砜(PES)中空纤维膜的制备中,PES浓度和不同的填充液对中空纤维膜结构和性能的影响。结果发现:随着PES浓度的增大,中空纤维膜的水通量呈下降的趋势,确定了二次成形PES中空纤维膜制备中PES最佳浓度为24%;不同填充液与溶剂之间的相互扩散速率不同,得到了具有不同结构的聚醚砜中空纤维膜。随着填充液压力的提高,纤维的内径、外径增加,壁厚减小,水通量增大,一般填充液压力为0.020MPa。     

非溶剂添加剂对聚醚砜酮中空纤维纳滤膜结构和性能的影响

以新型杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮(PPESK)为膜材料,N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)为溶剂,乙二醇甲醚(EGME)、冰醋酸(AA)以及AA/EGME作为复合添加剂,采用干-湿相转化技术制备了中空纤维非对称纳滤膜,重点考察了非溶剂添加剂对中空纤维膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明非溶剂添加剂的加入导致了中空纤维膜孔结构由指状转变为海绵状,从而引起中空纤维膜性能的变化。当聚合物质量分数为23%,铸膜液溶剂体系为m(AA)∶m(EGME)∶m(NMP)=5.7∶16.5∶54.8时,中空纤维膜对PEG600的截留率高于96%,纯水通量为211 L/(m2.h)。     

聚醚砜中空纤维膜的成形条件与形态结构研究

采用扫描电镜探讨经双向拉伸聚醚砜(PES)中空纤维膜的纺制工艺条件与结构之间的关系。在膜的中部通入填充液,随着填充液压力的增大,中空纤维膜的壁厚明显减小,同时纤维膜表面的孔明显增多。随着凝固浴质量分数的增加,中空纤维膜表面的孔径先减小后增大,而中空纤维膜接近外表面的皮层逐渐变厚。随着凝固浴拉伸率的提高,中空纤维膜在外径不变的情况下壁厚减小,内表面积增加;纤维变薄而且更为致密。     

溶剂/非溶剂体系对聚醚砜微孔膜性能和结构的影响

以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,乙醇(EtOH)、异丙醇(IPA)、正丁醇(BuOH)、一缩二乙二醇(DegOH)、聚乙二醇400(PEG400)为非溶剂添加剂,研究了溶剂/非溶剂体系对聚醚砜(PES)膜的结构和性能的影响.改变铸膜液体系中的非溶剂含量对膜的结构和性能有很大影响,但是这种影响不是以非溶剂的绝对含量来衡量的,而取决于非溶剂/溶剂的比值.改变溶剂的组成和配比也改变了溶剂/非溶剂体系,体系的溶度参数越接近PES的溶度参数,与PES的相容性越好,但是膜的通量较小.实验结果表明,采用NMP(或DMAc)与DMF以适当比例混合作溶剂,比采用单一NMP(或DMAc)作为溶剂制得的膜通量要大.通过改变溶剂配比,可实现对膜的表面开孔率、孔径、断面结构等参数的微控.     

聚醚砜中空纤维血浆分离膜的孔径大小及分布

本文采用场致扫描电镜的显微观察法和膜对溶质的粒子筛分法测定聚醚砜中空纤维血浆分离膜的孔径大小及分布。通过显微镜观察统计得到膜的几何平均孔径为229nm,膜孔孔径分布在150nm,-350nm,筛分法测试得到膜的平均孔径为197nm。平均孔径大小约为200nm的聚醚砜中空纤维膜适合做血浆分离膜。     

聚醚砜中空纤维的成形条件对其宏观结构的影响

主要讨论了纺速、填充液压力、凝固浴浓度和拉伸率成形条件的设置对中空纤维的宏观结构的影响 ,为设计具有合理的宏观结构的中空纤维膜提供参考     

双向拉伸法制备聚醚砜中空纤维

采用双向拉伸的方法制备了聚醚砜中空纤维,探讨了工艺条件对聚醚砜中空纤维取向度和水通量的影响。结果表明:随着纺丝速度的提高,纤维的取向度上升,水通量下降;在总拉伸倍数不变的前提下,随着凝固浴拉伸倍数的提高,纤维的取向度和水通量都减小;随着填充液压力的提高,纤维的取向度下降,水通量增加;随着凝固浴中二甲基亚砜含量的提高,纤维的取向度先增大后减小,出现了一个最大值,水通量先减少后增加,出现了一个最小值。     

凝固浴质量分数对聚醚砜中空纤维膜结构和性能的影响

采用干喷湿纺法纺制成聚醚砜中空纤维膜,研究了凝固浴质量分数与PES中空纤维结构和性能之间的关系。结果表明：在凝固浴质量分数10％～40％的范围内,中空纤维膜的水通量先减少再增加;中空纤维的取向度则先增大后减小;膜表面孔的数量及孔径都有一个先减后增的现象。     

聚苯硫醚纤维与聚醚砜纤维的结构与性能

分别以聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚醚砜(PES)切片为原料,在一位4头的熔融纺丝实验机上,制备了PPS及PES纤维,并对两者结构与性能的差异进行比较。结果表明:PPS和PES的初生纤维都具有光滑的表面,PES的流动性能比PPS差,表观黏度也比PPS要大;PPS纤维的玻璃化转变温度为90¹00℃,结晶温度为130.09℃,熔融温度为279.56℃,初始热分解温度为500℃,半寿温度为625℃;PES纤维的玻璃化转变温度为225℃,初始热分解温度为460℃,半寿温度为600℃,没有结晶温度和熔融温度;PPS纤维为半结晶聚合物,结晶速率为0.045 s-1,而PES纤维属于无定形或极低结晶度材料;PES纤维和PPS纤维都具有优异的热稳定性和阻燃性,都非常适合应用在阻燃及耐高温场合。     

聚醚砜-溶剂体系膜性能的研究

研究了聚醚砜的溶剂和相对分子质量及含量对膜性能的影响。结果表明良溶剂有致孔能力;随着聚醚砜相对分子质量和含量增大,膜的水通量减少而对牛血清白蛋白的截留率提高。     

The Effect of Polyethersulfone Concentration on Flat and Hollow Fiber Membrane Performance

Abstract

Flat and hollow fiber (HF) membranes are made in order to determine the effect of the polyethersulfone (PES) concentration in the precursor film-casting solution on resultant flat and hollow fiber membrane performance. The additive polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP) is included in the film-casting solution to ensure that membranes can be made over wide variations in the PES polymer concentration. In general, membrane permeability decreases and solute separation ability increases as the PES concentration increases. However, for both flat and HF membranes, performance is strongly dependent on whether the PES concentration is above or below the critical value. Flux greatly decreases and solute-separation ability increases when the critical PES concentration is surpassed. Membrane performance is generally optimized when the PES concentration is at the critical value.     

Poly(Acrylic Acid-co-Acrylonitrile) Copolymer Modified Polyethersulfone Hollow Fiber Membrane with pH-Sensitivity

In this study, functional polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fiber membranes with pH sensitivity were prepared by blending with poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylonitrile) (P(AA-AN)) copolymer. The copolymer was characterized by FTIR analysis, elemental analysis, and GPC measurement. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphology of the blended hollow fiber membranes. The modified hollow fiber membranes showed excellent pH sensitivity and pH reversibility and we confirmed that both the pore size change and the electroviscous effect had great effect on the pH sensitivity of the copolymer blended PES hollow fiber membranes.     

中空纤维膜制备方法研究进展

介绍了中空纤维膜3种主要制备方法,即溶液纺丝法、熔融纺丝-拉仲法和热致相分离法。分别阐述了这3种方法的技术路线和致孔机理,回顾了3者的进展,展望了中空纤维膜制备技术的发展趋势。     

界面聚合法制备MABR中空纤维膜

利用界面聚合法制备了用于无泡曝气膜生物反应器(MABR)废水处理的聚苯胺 聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维复合膜,考察了普通聚合、掺杂和脱掺杂3种制备条件下得到的中空纤维膜的表面性能。测定了中空纤维膜的气体通量、膜丝表面亲水性,并观察了膜丝表面粗糙度的变化。结果表明,与初始聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜相比,复合中空纤维膜的表面亲水性得到显著改善,特别是掺杂后膜的接触角由原先的89°下降到73°;脱掺杂后复合中空纤维膜的气体通量大于掺杂改性膜,但是小于原膜丝;脱掺杂后复合中空纤维膜的表面粗糙度较初始膜有较大提高。挂膜试验中,脱掺杂后的复合中空纤维膜表现出了优异的生物挂膜性能,是一种具有潜在应用价值的MABR中空纤维膜。     

Preparation and Performance Evaluation of Polyethersulfone Hollow Fiber Membranes for Ultrafiltration Processes

In this article, polyethersulfone hollow fiber membranes were prepared using dry–jet–wet spinning process via phase inversion method. Effects of polyethersulfone and polyethylene glycol concentrations and coagulation bath temperature, air–gap distance, and take-up speed on morphology of the prepared membranes were investigated. Based on L₁₆ orthogonal array of Taguchi experimental design, 32 membranes were prepared. An experimental investigation on separation of the industrial oil from oily wastewater has been done. The results showed that synthesized polyethersulfone membranes was effective and suitable for the treatment of oily wastewater to achieve up to 66.6 and 95.0% removal of total organic carbon and oil–grease content, respectively, with a flux of 72.3 L/(m²h).     

聚丙烯中空纤维膜的制备方法

介绍了两种主要聚丙烯中空纤维膜的制备方法,即熔融-拉伸法和热致相分离法,并叙述了二者的优缺点及对聚丙烯中空纤维膜性能的影响。     

乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物中空纤维膜的制备研究

利用热致相(TIPS)制膜技术,选择五种不同的液体稀释剂(邻苯二甲酸二甲酯,邻苯二甲酸二乙酯,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,三乙酸甘油酯,乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯)制备出乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物(ECTFE)中空纤维膜并对膜性能进行表征。当ECTFE/稀释剂体系降温发生固-液相或窄的液-液相分离时,制得的膜结构为球粒堆积结构,力学性能差,水通量低。随着ECTFE/稀释剂体系液-液相分离区的增加,制得的膜结构转变为双连续结构,力学强度增加,水通量高。     

Periodic Ultrafiltration by Single-Pass Flow Using Hollow Fiber Membrane Module

Abstract

Periodic ultrafiltration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions by single-pass flow was conducted using a hollow fiber membrane module. In this method the filter cake formed on the membrane surface during filtration was disrupted by periodically interrupting filtration. Thus, a much higher filtration rate, which led to an increased concentration ratio of protein solutions, was provided by periodic operation compared with what was produced by continuous operation. Influences of filtration times (θ_f) and sweeping times (θ_d) on the filtration performance were examined.