分子泵叶轮装配过盈量设计与应力分析

动叶轮作为分子泵的关键部件,与芯轴过盈装配,要求在高速状态下仍保持一定的过盈量.本文计算了动叶轮在高速转动时的径向变形、过盈装配时的初始应力状态和转动时应力状态,根据径向变形量的差异和应力优化了装配过盈量,既保证了动叶轮转子强度又使过盈联接可靠.     

定子永磁型高速电机凸极转子强度分析

定子永磁型电机具有转子上既无永磁体也无绕组、功率密度高、效率高等优点,因此非常适合在高速下工作。然而由于凸极转子复杂的几何形状,对其强度进行分析只能采用有限元法等数值方法。基于弹性力学理论,建立了凸极转子强度的解析分析模型。分析了凸极转子的载荷分布,在此基础上,基于平面应力模型和应力函数法,推导了定子永磁型电机凸极转子的应力及变形的解析解;用有限元法对解析解的有效性进行了验证;分析了凸极转子的凸极高度及形状对转子强度的影响。结果表明,建立的凸极转子强度解析解在转子应力最大区域内的计算结果与有限元法的计算结果完全吻合,能够对定子永磁型高速电机凸极转子的最大应力进行精确分析,可为定子永磁型高速电机的转子设计提供支持。     

复合材料空心飞轮多环套装整体变形及应力简化精细分析

采用多环过盈装配是解决复合材料飞轮径向强度过低的有效途径之一。本文作者采用平面应力简化模型,提出了计及过盈配合后变形导致实际过盈量增大计算飞轮套装后的初终应力分布的方法;提出了基于叠加原理计算多环过盈装配旋转飞轮应力的方法;提出了保证飞轮旋转时配合界面不脱离的相关临界转速的概念和计算方法。算例分析表明:过盈配合后的变形对初终应力的影响不能忽略;过盈量和套装环数与飞轮的初终应力和相关临界转速有密切的关系。     

超弹性材料过盈配合的解析解和数值解

给出了轴对称平面应变情况下,超弹性材料与线弹性材料过盈配合的解析解。给出一个解析解算例并与有限元解进行了比较。同时用有限元分析方法讨论了可压缩性在过盈配合中对应力水平的影响。     

超弹性材料过盈配合的轴对称平面应力解答

主要讨论了一种采用超弹性材料轴对称过盈配合的橡胶减震元件,推导了橡胶材料过盈配合平面应力的大变形解析解,并应用 ABAQUS 有限元软件进行数值模拟,分析和对比了解析解和数值解的结果,定量分析材料泊松比和体积刚度对问题的影响。     

组合式冷轧支承辊热装等效应力研究

为准确计算辊套和辊芯热装等效应力,首次给出了考虑辊套和辊芯尺寸、材料物理性能参数及过盈量影响的辊套和辊芯热装径向应力计算公式,在此基础上得到了不同辊套厚度及过盈量条件下热装等效应力计算公式.为了验证该理论模型,用ANSYS软件对组合式支承辊热装过程进行了数值模拟,分析了不同辊套厚度、辊套和辊芯过盈量对结合面等效应力的影响.研究结果表明:相同过盈量及辊套厚度条件下,热装过程中周向应力约为径向应力的2倍;相同辊套厚度时,过盈量每增加0.1 mm,热装等效应力增大超过20 MPa;相同过盈量时,辊套厚度每增大100 mm,热装等效应力增大约20 MPa.     

轮毂轴承单元过盈量理论设计及试验研究

针对第3代轿车轮毂轴承单元过盈量的设计,提出了一种考虑铆接装配影响的过盈量理论设计方法.首先,基于弹性力学和平面应力假设推导了轮毂轴承单元内圈与内法兰轴配合的过盈量理论计算式;然后,采用有限元软件建立了轮毂轴承单元过盈装配、铆接装配及铆接卸载回弹过程仿真模型,并通过数值模拟分析获取了其过盈配合面的压力分布及其轴向预紧力...     

考虑压力与温度影响的螺杆马达过盈量设计方法

螺杆马达是螺杆钻具的动力源,其定子与转子之间过盈量的合理设计对马达工作性能和使用寿命至关重要.首先,建立了螺杆马达定子与转子的二维啮合有限元模型,并分析了工作压力和井下温度对定子廓形的影响.然后,基于密封性能评价准则,对不同过盈量下定子与转子的接触应力进行计算,并提出定子大、小径处采用不同过盈量的非均匀过盈量设计方法....     

多层高速旋转过盈配合圆筒的应力分析及径向尺寸优化设计方法研究

为了完善离心力作用下的多层圆筒过盈配合理论以及得到一定约束条件下较优的过盈配合设计方案,该文首先推导了多层旋转圆筒应力和变形分析解析公式以及多层旋转圆筒过盈配合设计公式,然后基于以上理论,以所定义的旋转圆筒最小安全裕度为适应度函数,采用遗传算法优化名义半径使圆筒的最小安全裕度最大化。根据优化并取整后的名义半径,采用有限元软件(ANSYS Workbench)建立磁悬浮轴承转子三维模型模拟了最大过盈条件下装配过程,并且比较了解析方法与有限元的等效应力结果。研究结果表明:所采用的名义尺寸优化方法提高了旋转圆筒的安全系数,增加了转子的安全性;本文模型中的最外层圆筒内壁为最危险环面,此处有限元方法所得最大等效应力比解析方法结果高18.72%,仅采用解析方法预测结果时应适当提高校核安全系数;所给出的解析方法与数值分析方法所得结果总体结果吻合良好,因此所提解析方法可以用于多层旋转圆筒的过盈配合初步设计、分析以及提供理论指导。     

预紧失谐对组合转子动力学特性和结构强度的影响

为了深入了解拉杆预紧失谐对组合转子动力学特性的影响,建立考虑界面粗糙度的组合转子预紧失谐模型,研究预紧失谐下组合转子动力学特性.在此基础上,分析拉杆预紧失谐对组合转子结构强度的影响.研究结果表明:与预紧谐调相比,正、负失谐均引起组合转子振动加剧;转速越大、拉杆数目越少、轮盘级数越多,转子不平衡响应越大.拉杆预紧负失谐时转子最大应力与预紧谐调时相当,拉杆预紧正失谐对转子强度影响显著,失谐使得轮盘界面的最大应力增加.     

Technique for partially strengthening electrical steel sheet of IPM motor using cavitation peening

Abstract

Cavitation peening (CP), which utilises the impact caused by cavitation bubbles collapsing, can improve the fatigue strength of metallic materials as well as the yield stress and tensile strength. The rotor cores in interior permanent magnet motors use electrical steel sheet. In order to increase the permissible rotating speed of the motor and achieve high efficiency, the mechanical strength of the stress concentration area in the steel sheet where the magnet is pressed needs to be enhanced. In the present paper, to improve the yield stress and tensile strength, the steel sheet was peened by CP. The peening effect on these mechanical properties was evaluated by tensile and indentation tests. The experimental results from the tensile tests revealed that CP can increase the yield stress by 22% compared to that before CP. In addition, the yield stress and tensile strength increased along with the CP processing time.     

Thermodynamics of a self-pumping cooling cycle for superconducting generator applications

The helium supply and outlet lines of a rotating superconducting magnet can be arranged so that the self-pumping mechanism due to the centrifugal forces effects a pressure and temperature decrease in the rotor. Several parameters such as speed of rotation, diameter of the rotor, outlet pressure, and quality of the helium supplied to the rotor have been modified in a computer study. The calculation shows that the self-pumping mechanism is so effective that even the temperature at the periphery of a large scale rotor decreases with increasing speed of rotation. This refrigeration cycle appears to have a strong self-regulating characteristic.     

高速永磁电机机组轴系振动研究

高速电机由于体积小、功率密度大和效率高等优点,符合节能减排经济发展需要,成为电机领域的研究热点之一。在高速旋转机械中,转子振动将逐渐成为制约电机正常运行的瓶颈。因此,研究电机的振动特性对于电机的高速可靠运行是非常必要的。电机转子振动的来源主要包括偏心产生的离心力和不平衡磁拉力,采用有限元及Newmark积分法计算转子在不平衡力作用下非线性不平衡响应,用样机振动实验验证计算方法的正确性,通过机组振动实验分析轴系振动产生的原因。研究表明,电机的振动主要为离心力产生基频振动及由于转子动偏心产生的10倍频不平衡磁拉力的振动;其次是2倍频的振动。根据振动产生的主要原因提出相应减小振动的措施。     

基于电流解耦的表贴式永磁同步电机无源控制研究

为了提高表贴式永磁同步电机的电流环频率响应能力和转速响应性能,针对其无源控制器设计过程中因d轴、q轴电流存在耦合而造成期望互联矩阵未知参数过多的问题,结合电压前馈解耦控制,提出了一种基于电流解耦的无源控制器新型设计方法。首先,根据能量平衡原理和电压前馈解耦控制,构建基于电流解耦的表贴式永磁同步电机端口受控耗散哈密顿系统（port control Hamilton system with dissipation, PCHD）模型。然后,通过互联和阻尼配置的无源控制（interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control, IDA-PBC）方法,完成表贴式永磁同步电机无源控制器的设计,并在设计过程中引入了电压前馈解耦控制,消除了d轴、q轴电流的耦合关系,使期望互联矩阵的未知参数由3个减少为1个。最后,搭建表贴式永磁同步电机测试平台进行实验验证。实验结果表明,当表贴式永磁同步电机的电流环采用基于电流解耦的无源控制器时,q轴电流响应频率由小于250 Hz增大为大于333 Hz;额定转速下的转速响应时间由0.16 s减小为0.11 s,超调量由2.0%减小为0.6%,稳态误差由5.98 r/min减小为1.15 r/min。研究结果可为永磁同步电机的无源控制器设计提供新思路。     

Improved analytical model for predicting the magnetic fielddistribution in brushless permanent-magnet machines

A general analytical technique predicts the magnetic field distribution in brushless permanent magnet machines equipped with surface-mounted magnets. It accounts for the effects of both the magnets and the stator windings. The technique is based on two-dimensional models in polar coordinates and solves the governing Laplacian/quasi-Poissonian field equations in the airgap/magnet regions without any assumption regarding the relative recoil permeability of the magnets. The analysis works for both internal and external rotor motor topologies, and either radial or parallel magnetized magnets, as well as for overlapping and nonoverlapping stator windings. The paper validates results of the analytical models by finite-element analyses, for both slotless and slotted motors     

高速主轴动力学建模及速度效应分析

考虑高速旋转部件的离心力和陀螺力矩效应,利用Timoshenko梁单元和转盘单元建立主轴转子、转盘、主轴箱等部件有限元模型,并对Jones轴承模型进行扩展建立高速滚动轴承非线性模型。将各子部件模型进行集成,得到整个高速主轴系统的非线性动力学方程,并进行试验验证。分别从转子陀螺力矩、转子离心力和轴承软化这三个角度,系统地研究高速旋转状态下主轴-轴承系统内部的速度效应及其对整个系统动态特性的影响规律。结果表明:当系统存在较大的阻尼比(1%~5%)时,陀螺力矩对系统的直接频率响应函数影响不明显,但是对交叉传递函数的影响显著;随着主轴转速的升高,主轴转子的离心力效应会逐渐削弱主轴系统的刚度,最终使整个高速主轴系统的固有频率降低;必须综合考虑主轴转子的离心力效应和轴承的软化效应,才能比较准确地仿真高速主轴系统的动力学特性。     

General Analytical Models of Inductance Matrices of Four-Pole Bearingless Motors With Two-Pole Controlling Windings

In this paper, after introducing the bearingless motor's working principle in brief, we analyze the magnetic field distribution principle of the bearingless motor. We then derive in detail the general analytical models of inductance matrices of a four-pole bearingless motor with two-pole controlling windings. The derived general analytical models are applicable not only to bearingless motors with a salient-pole rotor, but also to bearingless motors with a cylindrical rotor. By setting different values of salient-pole arc width parameter $rho$ in the general models of inductance, the analytical models of inductance of different types of bearingless motors, such as bearingless induction motors, bearingless synchronous reluctance motors, and bearingless surface-mounted permanent magnet (SPM) motors, can be derived.      

Thrust bearing design for high-speed composite air spindles

The air spindles whose shafts are made of carbon fiber composite are appropriate for high-speed and high-precision machining such as small hole drilling of printed circuit board (PCB) or wafer cutting for manufacturing semiconductors because the carbon fiber composite shaft has low rotational inertia, high damping ratio and high fundamental natural frequency.

The axial load capability and stiffness of air spindles for drilling operation are dependent on thrust bearings that are composed of air supply part mounted on the housing and rotating part mounted on the rotating shaft of spindle.

Since the stresses induced in the rotating part of thrust bearing by centrifugal force are very high at high-speed rotation, the axial stiffness and load capability of an air spindle should be designed considering the stresses induced by the centrifugal force as well as the natural frequency of rotating shaft to avoid the resonant whip vibration of the spindle.

In this work, the air supply part of a thrust air bearing for a high-speed composite air spindle was designed considering its axial stiffness and load capability. The rotating part of the thin thrust bearing was designed through finite element analysis considering the static and dynamic characteristics under axial load and the centrifugal force during high-speed rotation.