主动围压作用下水泥粉质黏土SHPB试验与分析

为研究围压状态下水泥粉质黏土的冲击压缩特性,进行了不同围压和不同应变率条件下水泥粉质黏土的霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验,分析了围压和应变率对水泥粉质黏土动态应力-应变曲线、冲击压缩强度以及破坏形态的影响。试验结果表明:围压和单轴状态下的水泥粉质黏土动态应力-应变曲线均经历弹性变形阶段、塑性变形阶段和破坏阶段,但是两种状态下水泥粉质黏土试样的破坏形态不同,单轴条件下水泥粉质黏土试样的破坏程度随应变率增加而逐渐变大,围压作用下水泥粉质黏土在冲击试验后保持较好的整体性。围压和应变率共同影响水泥粉质黏土的冲击压缩强度:相同应变率条件下,水泥粉质黏土冲击压缩强度随围压的增加而增大;相同围压条件下,水泥粉质黏土峰值应力和峰值应变均随应变率的增加而增大,表现出明显的应变率效应。     

冻结黏土单轴力学性能试验及蠕变模型研究

为了研究冻结黏土的单轴力学性能,以皖北某矿的黏土为试验对象,通过进行不同温度下的冻土单轴抗压强度试验和单轴蠕变试验,得到冻结黏土单轴抗压强度的应力-应变曲线和蠕变曲线.研究表明:在-15-5℃内,随着温度的降低,冻土的单轴抗压强度呈增加趋势.不同温度下的蠕变方程可以用含时间和单轴抗压强度的函数方程表示.随着时间的增加,...     

考虑卸压孔卸荷作用的人工冻土冻胀特性研究

对于含水土层特殊地质条件下的基坑围护及地铁隧道等地下工程,冻结围护技术具有良好适应能力和突出技术优势,利用人工制冷使土中液相水冻结为固相冰,使含水土层冻结为人工冻土墙帷幕,提高含水土层强度和刚度以及止水隔渗性能,加固不稳定土层和隔绝地下水。但人工冻结围护在工程应用中,冻胀与变形对基坑围护支撑结构和周边环境影响甚大,冻胀力是支撑围护结构的主要荷载之一,而采用卸压孔(槽)的卸荷作用对冻胀的释放和变形的控制具有显著功效。通过对冻结围护工程冻胀性状有限元分析以及卸压孔对冻胀卸荷作用的探讨,结合试验监测成果验证,系统研究冻结围护工程中人工冻土的冻胀与变形及其卸荷作用下的力学性状特征,为人工冻土冻胀性态的认识以及今后冻结围护工程的推广应用提供理论基础。     

单轴动态加载下冻土的力学性能实验研究

为研究冻土单轴加载下的冲击动态力学性质,采用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)在-28～-3℃不同负温下对人工冻土进行了应变率范围800～1500s-1的冲击实验.获得了人工冻土在不同温度与不同应变率下的应力应变关系,发现人工冻土具有显著的应变率效应和温度效应,即冻土动强度随应变率增大和温度的降低而增大.单轴高应变率加载下,冻土没有明显的屈服现象,加载后试样完全破坏.     

不同外载和冷端温度条件下深厚表土冻胀特性试验

通过安徽理工大学自行研制的100 KN微机控制多功能冻土冻融压缩试验机进行了不同冷端温度,不同载荷条件下的单向冻结深厚表土的试验研究.比较分析了在该条件下土体内部的温度场变化规律、水分迁移情况、位移变形规律、冻结锋面的发展与时间的关系等,试验结果表明:载荷越大土体的冻胀变形越小,水分迁移速度越小,迁移量越小等规律.掌握了深厚表土的冻结特性.     

水泥砂浆固化粉质黏土分离式Hopkinson压杆试验与分析

为研究掺砂量（与干土的质量比）对水泥粉质黏土冲击压缩强度及能量吸收特征的影响,采用Φ 50 mm分离式Hopkinson压杆（Split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB）试验装置对不同掺砂量的水泥粉质黏土进行了0.4 MPa冲击气压下的冲击压缩试验。结果表明：普通水泥粉质黏土（未掺砂）动态应力-应变曲线大致分为弹性阶段、屈服硬化阶段及破坏阶段,而随着掺砂量的逐渐增加,水泥砂浆固化粉质黏土动态应力-应变曲线中屈服阶段愈加不明显,出现了理想的塑性阶段;水泥砂浆固化粉质黏土的冲击压缩强度随掺砂量的增大而先增大后减小,在掺砂量为10%时达到最大平均动强度9.56 MPa,较普通水泥土强度提高9.79%;水泥砂浆固化粉质黏土的吸收能随冲击压缩强度的增大而增大,两者具有较好的指数关系。     

冻结黏土单轴与主动围压状态SHPB试验对比分析

利用分离式Hopkinson压杆试验装置,进行了冻结黏土在单轴与主动围压两种状态下的动态冲击压缩试验,对比分析了单轴与主动围压状态下冻结黏土的动态应力-应变曲线、动态抗压强度和破坏模式。研究结果表明:单轴状态下,温度为-15℃时,动态应力-应变曲线可分为弹性阶段、塑性阶段和破坏阶段;主动围压状态下,-5℃和-15℃的动态应力-应变曲线可分为弹性阶段、塑性阶段和破坏阶段。在相同应变率和冻结温度的条件下,主动围压状态下冻结黏土的动态抗压强度均高于无围压状态,动态抗压强度随着主动围压的增加而增大;当冻结温度和围压相同的条件下,动态抗压强度随应变率的提高而增大;单轴状态下,温度为-5℃时,冻结黏土呈塑性破坏,温度为-15℃时,冻结黏土呈脆性破坏。     

含盐冻结粉质粘土单轴抗压强度试验研究

通过对饱和含盐冻结粉质粘土单轴抗压强度试验,得到了试验条件下土体的单轴抗压强度与含盐量、负温的关系;讨论了应变速率一定,温度和含盐量变化时,含盐冻结粉质粘土的屈服应力和抗压强度间的关系;提出了相对温度这一新概念,并给出抗压强度与相对温度间的线性关系。相对温度的引入建立了盐渍土和非盐渍土力学性质的关系,从而可以用非盐渍土力学性质预测盐渍土的力学性质。     

冻土爆破性的灰色关联分析

用灰色关联分析法分析了冻土爆破性影响因素之间的密切关系,评价了几种冻土的爆破性。变形能系数与抗拉强度关系密切,其次为纵波速度和爆破漏斗体积。试验测出冻结砂土、冻结粘土在－７℃、－１２℃、－１７℃温度条件下爆破性的影响因素,综合评价表明－１７℃的冻结粘土最难爆破。     

考虑地震动空间非一致性的地铁车站结构振动台试验研究EI北大核心CSCD

长度超过百米的地下结构受到地震动空间变异性的影响较大,为深入了解粉质黏土地基条件下地铁车站在非一致地震动激励下的动力反应规律,设计并完成了粉质黏土地基条件下非一致地震动激励下地铁车站模型的振动台试验。为模拟粉质黏土地基设计制作了刚性土箱,对模型材料配合比以及钢筋配筋设计等进行了分析研究,根据动力相似理论,开展了纵向非一致地震动激励下地铁车站结构模型的振动台试验,通过对实测加速度、土压力以及构件应力等试验结果的分析,得出地铁车站结构在地震波先后到达不同横截面的动力反应差异、同一横截面各构件的动力反应差异以及地铁车站结构与土体的动力反应差异,得到纵向非一致地震动激励下地铁车站结构的动力反应规律。     

Triaxial compression deformation for artificial frozen clay with thermal gradient

In order to study the deformation characteristics of artificial frozen soil with thermal gradient, such as the stress-strain relationship, a series of triaxial compression tests for frozen clay had been conducted by K₀DCGF (K₀ consolidation, freezing with non-uniform temperature under loading) method and GFC (freezing with non-uniform temperature, isotropic consolidation) method at various consolidation pressures and thermal gradients. Stress-strain curves in K₀DCGF test present strain softening during shearing process and the elastic strain is approximately 0.001;but which present the strain hardening characteristics in GFC tests and the elastic strain is approximately 0.01. The elastic modulus and peak stress for frozen clay decrease as the thermal gradient increased at different consolidation pressure both in K₀DCGF test and GFC test. The peak stress and elastic modulus in K₀DCGF test are significant independent on the pressure melting and crushing phenomena occurring in GFC test. To describe the shear deformation characteristics for frozen clay with thermal gradient, the exponent and power equations considering the correction equation on thermal gradient and model parameters from frozen clay with uniform temperature are developed .The results indicated that the proposed equations can reproduce the shear deformation well both in K₀DCGF test and GFC test.     

Experimental investigation on the train-induced subsidence prediction model of Beiluhe permafrost subgrade along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway in China

Based on dynamic triaxial test at low temperature of the frozen clay from the Beiluhe permafrost subgrade along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway (QTR), residual deformation laws and dynamic subsidence prediction model of permafrost subgrade under train traffic were studied. First, time history curves of residual strain of frozen soil are obtained and analyzed under different temperatures, frequency, confining pressure and moisture content. And conclusions can be drawn that the axial strain rate is greatly affected by the amplitude of dynamic stress, as well as increases with dynamic to static stress ratio and temperature rising, while it decreases with the raise of frequency and moisture content. Hereby, the power functions were adopted to fit the relationships of axial dynamic strain rate vs. stress ratio, temperature, frequency, and moisture content, respectively. Simultaneously, the permafrost dynamic subsidence mechanism was interpreted rationally and the variation of fitting parameters was discussed. Furthermore, the long-term traffic loading subsidence model was established through observing the axis residual strain time histories of frozen specimens under the longtime cyclic loading and adopting the amendment of vibratory number of times. The model can comprehensively consider the effects of stress state, temperature, moisture content, and confining pressure of frozen soil, as well as the vibratory frequency and vibration number of longtime cyclic loading. Consequently, the model can be applied to the train-induced subsidence forecast investigation of permafrost subgrade. The paper has an important significance for rational safety evaluation on long-term operation of permafrost regions railway such as QTR. Meanwhile, the investigation provides basic data for the further research on dynamic damage constitutive model of frozen soil under train traffic and the gradual improvement of railroading criterion in cold regions.     

Experimental research on the compressive fracture toughness of wing fracture of frozen soil

It is commonly found that not only bending fracture but also compressive fracture occur frequently in compression, furthermore, in some specific conditions, compressive fracture sometimes has dominant effect on frozen soil. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to study the mechanical characteristics of the compressive fracture of frozen soil and to investigate the damage and fracture mechanism of frozen soil based on the previous research on frozen soil damage in compression. This study draws on the ideas and methods used in compression fracture research on ice that is very similar to frozen soil, and specific clay in Shenyang region was adopted as the experimental material, to make compressive specimens containing tilted wing crack of different angles, and uniaxial unconfined compression fracture experiments were conducted at different temperatures and loading rates. The fracture toughness K_IC and K_IIC of the main crack tip of the specimens are calculated with obtained experimental results and the law of K_IC and K_IIC changing with tilted angles, temperatures and loading rate is obtained to gain an insight to damage mechanism of frozen soil in compression. This paper presents a meaningful attempt for the research on compressive fracture of frozen soil, so as to better solve practical engineering problems.     

不同初始静载混凝土轴向拉伸试验研究

为研究混凝土材料的动态性能,利用MTS-810NEW液压伺服试验机对尺寸为100 mm×100 mm×510 mm棱柱体混凝土材料试样进行了初始静态荷载为0~20 k N的动态轴向拉伸试验,研究了混凝土材料经历不同初始静态荷载后的动态拉伸破坏特征、应力应变关系和动态抗拉强度。结果表明:荷载值由静态过渡到动态荷载时,混凝土材料的动弹性模量发生较大变化,且随着初始静态荷载值的增加,混凝土材料动弹性模量有增大趋势;混凝土材料动态应力应变关系曲线中,峰值应力所对应的应变值与初始静态荷载值无关;随着初始静态荷载的增加,混凝土材料动态拉伸破坏断面面积逐渐增大,且粗骨料被拉断的数目随着初始静态荷载的增加而先增加,后趋于平稳;随着初始预加静态荷载值的增加,混凝土材料的动态轴向拉伸强度先增加,然后趋于稳定。     

杨木静动态压缩本构模型研究

目的 以杨木为研究对象,研究其静动态压缩载荷作用下应力-应变曲线的变化特征,建立适合的本构模型,并对其进行描述。方法 对杨木试件进行静动态压缩加载试验,分析静动态压缩载荷作用下杨木应力-应变曲线的变化特征,构建适用于静动态压缩载荷作用下杨木的本构模型。结果 静态压缩加载杨木的应力-应变曲线分为线弹性阶段、屈服阶段和密实化阶段等3个部分,动态压缩加载杨木的应力-应变曲线分为线弹性阶段和屈服阶段等2个部分;静态压缩加载时,杨木轴向屈服应力最大,分别是径向和弦向的5.70倍和7.75倍;动态压缩加载时,当应变率从400 s-1增加到1000 s-1时,径向、弦向和轴向的屈服应力分别增加了1.51,1.59,3.12倍,杨木的屈服应力具有应变率敏感性;采用包含应变率影响的本构方程来描述杨木在静动态压缩载荷作用下的本构关系是比较合适的。结论 杨木是一种应变率敏感材料,静动态压缩载荷作用下杨木的应力-应变曲线均表现出多孔材料的特征,将多孔材料本构模型应用于木材是可行的。     

循环动荷载下泥化夹层累积变形特性研究

泥化夹层是诱发岩体工程失稳破坏的重要因素之一。为研究循环动荷载下泥化夹层的累积变形特性,深入分析主要影响因素,在黄河中游某大型水利枢纽工程勘探平硐采取试样,开展了不同工况条件下泥化夹层的动三轴试验研究。在考虑主要黏土矿物成分、黏粒含量、含水率、围压和频率等影响因素的基础上,根据试验成果,探求适合描述泥化夹层累积应变发展规律的理论模型,并基于动应力～应变关系研究了泥化夹层的动弹性模量特征。研究结果表明:(1)泥化夹层的累积应变发展规律具有破坏型特征,不符合稳定型累积应变特征,利用Monismith模型进行描述是合理的;(2)泥化夹层的动应力～应变曲线符合Hardin双曲线模型;(3)泥化夹层的累积应变随含水率、黏粒含量和频率的增大而增大,随围压的增大先减小后增大;(4)泥化夹层的动弹性模量随围压增大单调递增,随循环周次、含水率和频率的增大而单调递减;(5)主要黏土矿物成分为蒙伊混层时,泥化夹层的累积应变最大,动弹性模量随循环周次增加而衰减最快。     

高温后碳纤维布约束混凝土轴压力学性能试验

通过对20个经历四种不同高温后的素混凝土和无机胶粘贴碳纤维布加固混凝土圆柱体的轴压力学性能试验,研究了无机胶粘贴碳纤维布约束混凝土在经历不同高温后抗压强度、极限压应变和应力-应变关系的变化,得出所经历高温过程对其轴压力学性能的影响。结果表明:无机胶粘贴碳纤维布约束混凝土经历高温后的破坏形态与常温下基本相似;其抗压强度在经历100℃高温后,下降仅5%左右,在经历200℃、300℃和400℃高温后,约为常温试件的85%~90%;无机胶粘贴碳纤维布约束混凝土的极限压应变在100℃高温后略有减小,在200℃~400℃高温后则比常温下增大20%左右;碳纤维约束对核心混凝土抗压强度的提高作用,会随试件所经历温度的升高而逐渐增大;无机胶粘贴碳纤维布约束混凝土的应力-应变曲线在经历高温后会明显趋于扁平,并且多了一个呈上凹状的压密阶段。     

Processing and characterization of graded metal/intermetallic materials: The example of Fe/FeAl intermetallics

In this work, a novel processing routine for the fabrication of graded metal/intermetallic materials is shown. It is a combined process that begins with “layer by layer” manufacturing of the 3-D components from the elemental metal powders under computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM), followed by low-temperature uniaxial pressing under cycle loading and subsequent sintering at high temperature. The ability to fabricate heterogeneous metal-intermetallic materials with a continuous and/or discrete intermetallic gradient was demonstrated by producing graded Fe/FeAl materials as an example. The microstructure of the graded Fe/FeAl materials was investigated with X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with a backscattered electron detector (BSE) and an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). In both of the investigated materials, Fe and FeAl intermetallic compounds with different amounts of Al and aluminum oxides were found. The mechanical properties of the graded Fe/FeAl materials were examined with a static compression test. The Fe/FeAl material with a continuous gradient exhibited higher compression strength than the material with a discrete gradient.