聚乳酸/聚丙烯/淀粉复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用模压成型制备了聚乳酸(PLA)/聚丙烯(PP)和PLA/PP/淀粉两种复合材料.主要研究了复合材料的热性能、力学性能和降解性能.结果表明:对于PLA/PP复合材料而言,复合材料的熔融温度先增加后降低,结晶度随PLA的含量增加而变大,而且出现了结晶双峰.力学性能相较与纯PLA,断裂伸长率明显提高,拉伸强度有所下降,最...     

短切CF增强TPEE热塑性复合材料的注射成型及力学性能研究

以热塑性聚酯弹性体(TPEE)为基体材料,8 mm短切碳纤维(CF)为增强材料,制备CF/TPEE复合材料。材料通过双螺杆挤出系统混合塑化、挤出造粒后,再经过注塑成型制备成标准拉伸试样,通过力学性能测试及微观结构观察,系统研究了碳纤维含量和等离子表面处理对CF/TPEE复合材料拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,当碳纤维含量为20%时,CF/TPEE复合材料的拉伸强度最大,为39.08 MPa;相比于纯TPEE,其拉伸强度提高了217%;经过等离子表面处理后,拉伸强度进一步提高了5%。结合拉伸后断面的SEM图发现,注塑试样表层碳纤维取向度高,而近中区和中心层取向度相对较低,这是注射CF/TPEE复合材料拉伸性能提高效应不明显的主要原因。     

芳纶短纤维/聚氨酯树脂复合材料成型工艺研究

成型工艺直接影响复合材料的性能。本文考察了芳纶短纤维/聚氨酯树脂复合材料模压成型工艺的预成型时间、模压温度、模压压强、模压时间等因素对复合材料拉伸强度的影响。结果表明,预成型时间4h,模压温度170℃,模压压强为4MPa,模压时间为30m in的工艺条件下可制备拉伸强度为35 MPa的芳纶短纤维/聚氨酯树脂复合材料。     

3D打印连续芳纶纤维/聚乳酸波纹夹层结构复合材料的压缩性能研究

以连续芳纶纤维(Kevlar)为增强体,热塑性聚乳酸(PLA)为基体,采用熔融沉积成型(FDM)工艺,设计并制备了一体成型的Kevlar/PLA波纹夹层结构复合材料。研究了Kevlar/PLA波纹夹层结构复合材料在压缩载荷下的断裂模式,分析了结构参数、工艺参数对试样的压缩性能和结构密度的影响。结果表明,随着芯层波纹数量的增加,试样的压缩性能与结构密度均呈增大趋势;随着芯层波纹高度的增大,试样的压缩强度先增大后减小,结构密度不断减小;随着打印层高的增大,试样中的纤维体积含量不断减少,试样的压缩强度略有下降。     

AKD改性杨木粉/PLA复合材料模压工艺与性能

以杨木粉和聚乳酸为原料,利用烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)对杨木粉进行表面改性处理,通过模压成型工艺制备了杨木粉/聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料。以模压温度、模压压力和保压时间为正交实验因素,将复合材料力学弯曲性能和冲击强度作为评价指标,分析了模压成型工艺对复合材料力学性能的影响;在此基础上分析了AKD含量对杨木粉/PLA复合材料力学性能和吸水性能的影响。结果表明,模压工艺对复合材料力学性能的影响程度依次为模压温度、模压压力、保压时间;当模压温度为170℃、模压压力为4 MPa、保压时间为6 min/次、5次保压、AKD含量为2%～3%时,制备的杨木粉/聚乳酸复合材料力学性能和吸水性能较好。     

聚己内酯/聚乳酸/竹纤维复合材料制备及性能

以聚己内酯（PCL）和聚乳酸（PLA）共混物为基材,竹纤维（BF）作为增强材料,硅烷偶联剂为改性剂,通过模压成型制备了PCL/PLA/BF复合材料。研究了PCL和PLA质量比、BF质量分数、硅烷偶联剂用量以及模压温度对复合材料性能影响。结果表明,适宜的PCL/PLA质量比为1∶1,BF质量分数为40 %时BF/PCL/PLA复合材料的冲击强度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别达到最大值11.26 kJ/m2,12.68 MPa和5.2 %;硅烷偶联剂用量为1 %时复合材料的冲击强度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别达到最大值15.11 kJ/m2、13.15 MPa和5.8 %;模压温度为150 ℃时,复合材料的冲击强度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别达到最大值14.51 kJ/m2、13.75 MPa和5.8 %。     

豌豆秸秆粉增强聚乳酸基3D打印材料性能

以聚乳酸(PLA)和不同粒度豌豆秸秆粉(PSP)为原料,利用FDM-3D打印工艺制备了PSP/PLA复合材料。研究了纯PLA及PSP/PLA的密度、力学性能、表面润湿性能及不同温度下的吸水率。结果表明,相比于纯PLA,轻质PSP的添加使得复合材料的密度减小并保持在1. 04 g/cm~3附近; 120目PSP/PLA复合材料的拉伸和弯曲性能最优,拉伸强度和拉伸模量分别是纯PLA打印试样的86. 95%和90. 70%,弯曲性能与纯PLA打印材料相当,弯曲强度与纯PLA打印试样相比仅相差0. 53%;随着PSP粒度的减小,3D打印复合材料的表面接触角逐渐减小,当PSP粒度为200目时,接触角降低至84. 93°,疏水性减弱而亲水性增强;复合材料吸水率高于纯PLA,且比纯PLA更易受温度影响,120目PSP/PLA吸水率最低。     

退火工艺对3D打印制品性能的影响

使用熔融沉积成型(FDM)工艺,3D打印了聚乳酸(PLA)和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯塑料(ABS)材质的试样,并将试样在不同退火温度和时间下进行热处理。将退火后的试样进行拉伸性能测试、扫描电镜分析和X-射线衍射分析。结果表明:ABS试样在退火温度为40℃、退火时间为3 h时,平均拉伸强度和断裂伸长率最大。随着退火温度的提高,PLA试样的拉伸强度和结晶度均呈先增大后减小的趋势,且试样的拉伸强度和结晶度呈正相关关系。当退火温度为100℃、退火时间为1 h时,PLA试样的拉伸强度最大。通过扫描电镜观察发现,随着退火时间的延长,PLA和ABS打印试样的断面层间孔隙减小,丝材的粘结面积增大。     

模压温度、压力和原料预热对聚碳酸酯厚板性能的影响

研究了模压温度、模压压力以及原料预热等工艺条件对聚碳酸酯(PC)厚质板材制品密度、拉伸强度以及形态结构的影响.研究结果表明,采用先预热-模压成型的PC板材密度、力学性能优于直接模压成型制品,其最佳工艺为:200℃预热处理1h,240/10 MPa压力下模压30 rin.所得制品密度为1.19 g/cm3,拉伸强度可达到...     

PP微孔发泡试样泡孔结构与拉伸性能的变化关系研究

通过仿真分析得到超临界N2注射成型聚丙烯(PP)微孔发泡试样的泡孔结构与拉伸性能之间的关联机制,即泡孔尺寸与拉伸性能成反比关系;然后利用控制变量法进行PP微孔发泡试样的超临界N2注射成型实验,研究注气时间、注射温度、注射速率对试样泡孔结构和拉伸性能的影响规律,揭示在不同工艺参数下试样泡孔结构与拉伸性能之间的变化关系。结果表明,注气时间和注射温度下泡孔尺寸与拉伸性能的变化关系总体上符合由仿真分析得到的关联机制;随注气时间增加,泡孔结构和拉伸性能总体上劣化;注射速率对泡孔结构和拉伸性能的影响相对较小,但较高的注射速率有利于减小泡孔尺寸;与其它两种工艺参数相比,不同注射温度下泡孔结构和拉伸性能之间的变化关系比较稳定。在保持较短的注气时间和较高的注射速率下,通过调整注射温度可获得泡孔尺寸小、密度高且拉伸性能好的PP微孔发泡试样。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.