钢纤维混凝土局部增强桥墩抗震性能试验研究

为分析钢纤维体积率、钢纤维混凝土增强区域长度以及配箍率等因素对钢纤维混凝土桥墩抗震性能的影响,对考虑以上三个设计参量的八个桥墩试件进行了低周反复荷载作用下的拟静力试验,并探讨了钢纤维混凝土桥墩试件破坏形态、滞回特性、骨架曲线、延性性能和耗能能力等抗震性能。结果表明：钢纤维体积率为1.0%的桥墩试件较其他体积率的试件承载力更大,滞回曲线相对更加饱满,延性性能更好;钢纤维可以代替部分箍筋作用,在较低配箍率下保持良好的抗震能力;在桥墩潜在塑性铰区域局部合理地采用钢纤维混凝土,可达到与桥墩整体采用钢纤维混凝土相近的极限承载力、刚度、延性和耗能能力。最后提出了简化计算公式用以估算在单柱式桥墩中局部使用钢纤维混凝土的合理长度,并通过试验结果验证了其精度。     

高强箍筋高强混凝土梁柱节点抗震性能试验研究

为研究高混凝土梁柱节点的抗震性能,进行了4个高强箍筋混凝土节点和1个普通箍筋混凝土节点的低周往复荷载加载试验,研究了高强混凝土节点的破坏形态、滞回特性、耗能能力、受剪性能及箍筋的应力水平,分析了箍筋强度、体积配箍率和箍筋形式对节点承载力、延性、耗能和剪切变形的影响。结果表明:高强箍筋节点的破坏过程与普通箍筋节点类似;提高箍筋屈服强度对节点的承载力提高效果有限,但可有效提高位移延性和耗能能力,同时限制了节点核心区的剪切变形;试件达到极限位移时,普通箍筋试件箍筋已屈服,复合高强箍筋试件箍筋强度发挥比较充分,表现出较好的抗震性能。     

废弃纤维再生混凝土框架中柱节点抗震性能试验研究

完成了再生骨料取代率为50%,废弃纤维长度分别为12 mm、19 mm、30 mm以及废弃纤维体积掺量分别为0.08%、0.12%、0.16%的5个废弃纤维再生混凝土框架中柱节点在低周反复荷载作用下的抗震性能试验研究。主要对不同废弃纤维长度、不同废弃纤维体积掺量下梁柱节点的破坏形态、滞回特性、延性性能、耗能特性等问题进行了对比分析。结果表明:废弃纤维再生混凝土框架节点的破坏均经历了初裂、通裂、极限、破坏四个特征阶段,当纤维长度为19mm,废弃纤维体积掺量为0.12%时,废弃纤维再生混凝土梁柱节点构件的滞回性能、延性性能及耗能性能较好;废弃纤维的体积掺量比废弃纤维长度对梁柱节点抗震性能的影响大。提出了废弃纺织纤维再生混凝土的抗剪承载力计算公式,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

钢筋再生混凝土柱的承压性能及强度计算

为了研究钢筋再生混凝土柱的承压性能及其强度计算方法,以有限元软件ABAQUS分析为主要研究手段,结合6个试件的实测数据,并拓展了36个试件的数值模拟分析,综合探讨了再生粗骨料取代率、体积配箍率、柱截面纵筋配筋率、长细比以及相对偏心距等变化参数对钢筋再生混凝土柱承压性能的影响规律,分别研究了钢筋再生混凝土轴心受压柱和偏心受压柱的极限承载力计算方法,并提出实用设计公式。研究结果表明:随着再生粗骨料取代率的增大,钢筋再生混凝土柱的受压承载力呈现波动性变化,但其变化幅度在15%以内;随着体积配箍率的增大,其极限承载力有小幅提高;随着截面纵筋配筋率的增大而有明显提高;而随着相对偏心距的增大,其极限承载力则明显降低;在一定范围内,随着长细比的增大,极限承载力显著变小。提出考虑取代率影响系数的钢筋再生混凝土柱极限承载力计算方法,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

有缺陷的装配式混凝土梁柱节点抗震性能试验研究

为了明确装配式混凝土框架结构节点缺陷对于节点抗震性能的影响,该文考虑了三种典型装配式梁柱节点核心区缺陷,对5个装配式混凝土梁柱节点和1个全现浇混凝土梁柱节点进行了拟静力试验,分析了其对破坏形态、滞回性能、骨架曲线、刚度退化、耗能能力等性能的影响。采用OpenSees非线性有限元分析程序模拟钢筋粘结滑移关系和节点区域剪切性能,讨论了装配式混凝土梁柱节点钢筋粘结削弱的影响。结果表明:核心区内部混凝土浇筑缺陷将使得钢筋过早出现滑移现象,对节点的强度及耗能能力产生影响;粗糙面的缺陷及柱底接缝灌浆层缺陷对于节点抗震性能的影响较小;有限元模型通过考虑节点域的钢筋粘结滑移关系,可以有效模拟装配式节点钢筋粘结削弱效应,从而为进一步研究装配式节点抗震性能不确定性,并进行地震易损性分析奠定基础。     

沙漠砂混凝土框架节点抗震性能试验研究

为研究古尔班通古特沙漠砂混凝土框架节点的抗震性能,对 9 个缩尺比为 1/2 的框架节点进行了拟静力试验研究,研究了沙漠砂替代率、轴压比和配箍率对节点破坏模式、耗能能力、延性、刚度和恢复力模型的影响。研究结果表明：沙漠砂替代率由 0% 逐渐增加到 80% 时,试件的破坏现象、骨架曲线、耗能、刚度退化主要受沙漠砂混凝土的强度和应力?应变关系影响,延性逐渐降低,且沙漠砂替代率为 80% 的构件其延性较首个试件降低了 11.48%;轴压比由 0.2 逐渐增加到 0.6 时,峰值荷载提高约 3%,延性降低约 5%,等效黏滞阻尼系数增加约 18%,刚度退化程度增加;配箍率由 0.50% 逐渐增加到 2.52% 时,峰值荷载提高近 10%,延性提高约 6%,等效黏滞阻尼系数增加约25%,刚度退化减缓。整体而言,沙漠砂混凝土框架节点的抗震性能与普通混凝土试件相似。建立了沙漠砂混凝土框架节点的三折线恢复力模型,且计算模型与试验结果吻合良好。     

高强箍筋RC梁-柱节点抗剪模型及非线性分析

在现有RC梁柱节点抗剪模型的基础上,提出了高强箍筋RC梁柱节点抗剪模型。该模型考虑了节点中混凝土的斜压杆传力机制和箍筋的抗剪作用。计算结果表明:通过建议的节点抗剪模型计算的高强箍筋RC梁柱节点的剪切应力-应变曲线与试验结果符合较好,节点最大剪应力计算值与试验值之比的平均值接近于1且变异系数较小。将该节点抗剪模型应用于OpenSees程序中分析了高强箍筋RC梁柱节点在往复荷载作用下的力学行为,讨论了混凝土强度和轴压比对高强箍筋RC梁柱节点受力性能的影响。该模型可用于高强箍筋RC梁柱节点的受力分析。     

超高性能混凝土装配整体式框架梁柱节点抗震性能研究

为避免预制构件灌浆套筒连接定位精度要求高、连接质量不易检测等问题,提高梁柱节点的抗震性能,通过5个钢筋搭接后浇UHPC(lap-splice with UHPC,LS-UHPC)装配整体式梁柱节点及1个RC现浇整体式梁柱节点的拟静力试验,研究了LS-UHPC装配整体式梁柱节点的破坏形态、滞回特性、骨架曲线和耗能能力。结果表明:柱纵筋直筋搭接15d_b,梁下部纵筋设置90°弯钩搭接11d_b均未出现拔出破坏;梁上部纵筋锚固长度为16.7d_b或13.6d_b,虽均小于GB 50010?2010中20d_b的要求,但由于UHPC较高的粘结强度未发生明显滑移,均表现出较好的延性。节点核心区采用UHPC,受剪承载力明显提高,即使未配箍筋,也可以取得优于普通混凝土现浇节点的性能;节点核心区箍筋和钢纤维掺量的增加,延缓了节点核心区主斜裂缝的形成,提高了节点核心区耐损伤能力,进而提高了梁柱节点的极限位移,延性系数和耗能能力,且适当配置箍筋对核心区耐损伤能力的提高效果更显著;GB 50010?2010低估了UHPC的抗剪贡献,而高估了箍筋的抗剪贡献,美国规范ACI 318-19高估了UHPC的抗剪贡献;利用UHPC的抗压强度和抗拉强度的关系,分别对GB 50010?2010和ACI 318-19进行修正,修正后的ACI 318-19的计算方法较为准确且保守。     

基于MCFT理论的钢纤维混凝土梁的截面分析

根据钢纤维混凝土的特性,对MCFT理论的裂后混凝土平均主应力-平均主应变关系进行了修正。在Vecchio和Collins对钢筋混凝土板在纯剪作用下截面分析的基础上,叠加了弯矩的作用,建立了钢纤维混凝土梁在弯剪复合作用下的截面分析模型。利用作者以及其他研究者的试验对该模型进行了验证,结果表明计算得到的钢纤维混凝土梁的剪力-箍筋应变曲线和极限荷载与实测结果吻合良好。该文还利用该模型对钢纤维和箍筋对梁抗剪性能的影响效率进行了比较。     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土柱的修正压-剪-弯分析模型研究

随着服役时间的增加,混凝土结构中钢筋易发生锈蚀,引起混凝土结构承载性能下降,严重影响工程结构的继续使用。该文在分析纵筋锈蚀后的屈曲效应、箍筋锈蚀后的约束效应、混凝土和钢筋材料性能劣化的基础上,建议了考虑锈蚀影响的钢筋、混凝土及锈蚀钢筋与混凝土界面粘结性能的本构模型,以锈蚀钢筋混凝土柱为研究对象,对反复荷载作用下钢筋混凝土柱的分析模型进行修正,建立了锈蚀钢筋混凝土柱压-剪-弯交互作用下极限承载力计算模型,并通过21根锈蚀混凝土柱的试验结果对建议分析模型进行了验证。研究结果表明:锈蚀钢筋混凝土柱极限承载力试验值与计算值之比的平均值为1.021,方差为0.014,建议模型极限承载力预测值与试验结果吻合较好,可用于低周反复荷载作用下锈蚀钢筋混凝土柱的承载力分析。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...