不同轨道结构形式下地铁隧道振动传递特性试验研究

为探明不同轨道结构形式下地铁隧道的振动传递特性及减振效果,以南昌地铁3 号线为工程背景,分别选取普通板式轨道地段、双层非线性减振扣件轨道地段、隔离式减振垫轨道地段,开展现场锤击试验。基于现场测试结果,研究不同轨道结构形式下地铁隧道的振动传递特性,并分析不同轨道结构的减振效果。结果表明：隔离式减振垫轨道的减振效果最佳,其次是双层非线性减振扣件轨道,普通板式轨道减振效果最差;双层非线性减振扣件轨道在80 Hz～170 Hz范围内表现出良好的减振特性,隔离式减振垫轨道则在30 Hz 以上频段均表现出显著的减振特性;与普通板式轨道相比,双层非线性减振扣件轨道和隔离式减振垫轨道的减振效果分别约为5.6 dB和10 dB。     

不同轨道结构形式下地铁隧道振动传递特性试验研究

为探明不同轨道结构形式下地铁隧道的振动传递特性及减振效果，以南昌地铁3 号线为工程背景，分别选取普通板式轨道地段、双层非线性减振扣件轨道地段、隔离式减振垫轨道地段，开展现场锤击试验。基于现场测试结果，研究不同轨道结构形式下地铁隧道的振动传递特性，并分析不同轨道结构的减振效果。结果表明：隔离式减振垫轨道的减振效果最佳，其次是双层非线性减振扣件轨道，普通板式轨道减振效果最差；双层非线性减振扣件轨道在80 Hz～170 Hz范围内表现出良好的减振特性，隔离式减振垫轨道则在30 Hz 以上频段均表现出显著的减振特性；与普通板式轨道相比，双层非线性减振扣件轨道和隔离式减振垫轨道的减振效果分别约为5.6 dB和10 dB。     

叶片冠间接触碰撞数值模拟及实验研究

研究了自带冠叶片冠间接触碰撞的动力学特性及减振机理。利用弹性力学理论对叶片冠间接触碰撞问题建立碰撞弹性力模型,叶片的冠间接触碰撞进行了数值模拟,并通过实验验证了理论分析的结果,进而得到了叶片接触碰撞系统的非线性响应特性及减振机理。     

基于LuGre摩擦模型的叶片碰撞摩擦特性研究

建立了基于LuGre摩擦模型的叶片冠间碰撞摩擦模型,研究了叶片冠间接触碰撞和摩擦的动力学特性和减振机理。并研究了冠间间隙、动静摩擦系数对成组自带冠叶片碰撞摩擦减振效果的影响。通过分析摩擦过程中鬃毛的变形,对LuGre模型进行有条件的简化,研究了带冠叶片接触碰撞运动和摩擦运动的分岔特性。研究结果表明,LuGre摩擦模型可以更加完善的描述预滑动阶段叶片冠间的摩擦特性。     

光学加工中抛光垫特征对工件面形的影响分析

抛光是光学加工中获得超精密表面的主要手段.为明确抛光垫特征对平面光学元件抛光面形的影响规律,分析了抛光垫与工件之间的界面接触形式,并建立接触力学分析模型,运用有限元方法分析了工件与抛光垫之间的接触压力分布情况,获得了抛光垫厚度及表面球半径等特征对抛光压力分布的影响规律.基于理论分析结果,提出了一种新的平面抛光面形控制技术.在实验中对一块尺寸为430 mm×430 mm×60 mm的熔石英元件进行了加工,通过将抛光垫表面修整为微凸面,同时对抛光转速比进行精确控制,实现了工件面形精度的快速收敛.     

新型组合式道床系统静动态特性试验研究

对于一种新型组合式道床试验系统的结构,进行了静动态试验,研究组合式道床系统在承受大载荷作用下,钢轨以及道床板结构受力变化规律,并将静态试验数据与理论计算结果相互对比。在负载状态下对该系统进行了动态锤击试验,验证安装谐振浮轨减振扣件及道床隔振垫组合道床系统的总体减振效果。静态力学特性数据表明：谐振浮轨扣件及道床隔振垫组合式系统理论计算与实际实验值基本一致;动态试验结果得到该组合道床系统在实验室等效轴载14 t～16 t条件下20 Hz～200 Hz频率范围,平均减振量可达到25 dB。     

两自由度无角位移减振机构运动学建模和分析

在光电成像系统中,振动影响系统的成像质量,其中角位移尤为严重.为了减小振动对系统成像质量的影响,应用空间机构学原理和减振理论设计由基座平台、运动平台,空间连杆机构和减振元件组成的减振机构.在减振机构中,利用矢量法和坐标变换对空间连杆机构进行数学建模,推导出减振机构的运动学模型.在运动学模型的基础上,对减振机构的两种模型进行仿真,分析其运动特性,结果表明该机构可以有效的隔离振动、抑制角位移,对系统成像质量的提高具有重要的意义.     

斜拉桥主梁振动对拉索阻尼器减振效果影响的试验研究

采用拉索索端阻尼器是大跨度斜拉桥拉索减振的主要措施之一.设计了索、梁和阻尼器组合系统的简化力学模型,研究了组合系统在具备不同力学特性时,主梁振动对拉索附加阻尼器减振效果的影响.分析结果表明,主粱振动降低了拉索附加阻尼器的减振效果;在大跨度斜拉桥拉索的减振设计中,尤其是对于有可能产生索、梁耦合大幅振动的拉索必须考虑主梁参与振动的影响.     

SJB型通用减振垫简介

SJB型通用减振垫为北京机床研究所设计,沙洲县南丰机械附件厂生产(见封底广告),本刊提供技术咨询。 SJB型通用减振垫可广泛应用于各种机床、通用机械、动力机械、运输机械、工程机械、纺织机械、精密仪器上,减振性能稳定、可靠、价格低廉、仅为专用减振器的10％左右,而且使用方便。一、使用说明 SJB型通用减振垫正反面排列有两种不同直径和高度的凹圆突台,具有变刚度的特性,当负载发生变化时它的刚度也在变化.因为在不同负载条件下,固有频率变化较小,减振效果稳定,并且它的结构使它的柔度增加,从而具有较低的固有频率(6-11Hz)。在一般振动条件下,能保证得到良好的减振效果。     

嵌入式轨道超弹性力学属性对轮轨动态作用的影响研究

嵌入式轨道结构内的聚氨酯填充材料具有非常明显的超弹性力学特性，对轨道系统的力学行为及振动噪声有较大影响。为研究填充材料超弹性特性对嵌入式轨道轮轨系统动力特性的影响，以焊接接头不平顺为例，建立了考虑填充材料超弹性本构的嵌入式轨道三维轮轨瞬态滚动接触有限元模型，分析了焊接接头不平顺对嵌入式轨道轮轨瞬态滚动接触力学行为的影响。结果表明：考虑填充材料超弹性本构的嵌入式轨道模型可以很好的模拟高分子材料受到外力冲击时的能量转换及减振过程。焊接接头不平顺中的短波不平顺波长和波深对轮轨冲击响应的影响十分显著。轮轨冲击载荷随车速的增加而增大，所对应的轮轨动态响应主频频段也会明显上移。钢轨表面接触应力极值出现的位置与焊缝几何形状关系很大，接触斑面积和接触应力的峰值基本出现在焊缝的低塌处。聚氨酯填充材料在对于较低频率(400 Hz以下)的振动的抑制作用不明显，对500～2 000 Hz的高频振动具有良好的抑制作用，嵌入式轨道的减振特性表现出一定的频率相关性。     

基于摩擦自振的轮胎-悬架振动系统仿真分析

在胎面-路面单自由度模型的基础上,将悬架、轮胎、胎面三者各自的物理特性同时纳入研究范围,运用多刚体系统动力学方法建立起悬架-轮胎-胎面四自由度ADAMS模型。仿真结果表明了当胎面产生剧烈自激振动时,其能量会传递到悬架和轮胎,使得前束角、外倾角和轮胎的垂向跳动都产生频率相同但程度不同的自激振动,证明了理论模型的正确性。并对该四自由度系统进行分岔数值模拟,找出了轮胎胎面产生自激振动的车速区间,为今后进一步的非线性理论研究以及实验研究奠定了理论基础和研究依据。     

轮胎自激振动分岔参数影响分析

如何避免轮胎的非正常磨损是汽车研发设计过程中迫切需要解决的问题之一,而胎面的自激振动是其中的重要影响因素之一。考虑轮胎接地磨擦的非线性迟滞特性,采用Lugre摩擦力模型,建立了考虑时间延迟的轮胎磨损振动模型。通过matlab/simulink进行仿真试验,验证了汽车中高速行驶时硬自激振动现象的存在;找到了容易引起自激振动的敏感参数并研究改变敏感参数范围对自激振动的影响规律,得到载荷越大,接地块质量越小,前束角越大,胎面越容易出现自激振动现象的结论。所建立的动力学振动模型为减小或消除轮胎的自激振动提供了理论依据     

轮胎多边形磨损的发生机理及其影响因素分析

考虑轮胎接地磨擦的非线性特性,采用由能量法确定的胎面单元侧向刚度计算公式,建立了基于胎面侧向振动的轮胎多边形磨损动力学模型,探讨轮胎多边形磨损现象的发生机理,并通过数值仿真分析了车速、轮胎前束角和垂向载荷对轮胎磨损的影响。结果表明：轮胎多边形磨损为胎面均匀磨损和扰动磨损叠加引起的周向不均匀磨损,是一种典型的非线性自激振动现象,其发生与胎面的侧向振动有关;以李雅普诺夫稳定性理论为基础,指出轮胎的自激振动是一种由系统Hopf分岔引起的稳定周期振动现象;高速、较大的前束角和超载是导致轮胎产生多边形磨损的可能原因。     

Seismic base isolation using low-cost Scrap Tire Pads (STP)

This paper focuses on the experimental studies conducted on the development of no-cost seismic base isolation pads using scrap automobile tire pads (STP). The mechanical and dynamic properties of STP specimens made from different tire brands, with different number of layers, and orientations are evaluated experimentally. The tests are conducted using (a) axial compression tests, (b) lumped mass small displacement free vibration, and (c) large displacement (inclined plate and reverse-cyclic) static shear tests. The results of these STP tests are compared among themselves and against a commercially available laminated rubber bearing specimen. A general relationship has been proposed which formulates the stiffness differences between the two principal directions of rectangular pads. The paper includes three hypothetical design applications for the use of STPs. STPs are prepared by placing 18 cm × 20 cm cut tread sections layers of car tires on top each other. Larger size STPs can also be formed by placing longer strips of tread sections (integer multiples of tread width) side by side in alternating direction layers or using a woven structure. Test results have shown that the friction between tire layers is sufficient to keep layers intact. Although STP application cannot eliminate foundation-basement structural requirements, it presents advantages such as low-technology no-cost pad, weight reduction, ease of handling, simple shear stiffness adjustment by changing the number of layers, and environmental benefits by recycling scrap tires.     

滚动汽车轮胎自激振动仿真及其影响因素分析

以高速行驶汽车产生的轮胎周向多边形磨损现象为背景,通过建立轮胎的有限元模型以及轮胎-路面的LuGre摩擦模型实现了汽车轮胎高速滚动过程有限元模型的建立,应用该模型进行了轮胎侧向自激振动的仿真分析及影响因素研究。仿真结果表明滚动汽车轮胎在一定条件下确实出现了侧向自激振动现象,它也是造成轮胎多边形磨损的原因之一。参数灵敏度分析表明：轮胎侧向自激振动随车速的增加先增加后减小,车速过低或过高时均不能形成自激振动;前束角与外倾角对自激振动的影响与 车速相似,两者都存在一个峰值点;另外,大载荷条件下,胎面自激振动会比较剧烈,轮胎的多边形磨损也比较严重。因此,为避免产生轮胎自激振动,减少轮胎多边形磨损,要将设计参数以及使用工况控制在合适的范围内     

Hydroplaning Analysis for Tire Rolling over Water Film with Various Thicknesses Using the LS-DYNA Fluid-Structure Interactive Scheme

Current work studies the transient hydroplaning behavior of 200 kPa inflated pneumatic radial tires with various types of tread patterns. Tires were numerically loaded with a quarter car weight of 4 kN, and then accelerated from rest rolling over a water film with a thickness of 5, 10 and 15 mm on top of a flat pavement. Tire structure is composed of outer rubber tread and inner fiber reinforcing composite layers. The Mooney-Rivlin constitutive law and the classical laminated theory (CLT) were, respectively, used to describe the mechanical behavior of rubber material and composite reinforcing layers. The tire hydroplaning phenomenon was analyzed by the commercial finite element code - LS-DYNA. The Arbitrary Lagrangian & Eulerian (ALE) formulation was adopted to depict the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) behavior. Three different tire tread patterns, i.e. the smooth (blank) tread pattern and the 9 and 18 mm wide longitudinally-grooved tread patterns, were constructed to perform the current transient hydroplaning analysis. Simulated dynamic normal contact force and hydroplaning velocity of tire with a prescribed smooth tread pattern were obtained. The computed results were in good agreement with the numerical and test results given by Okano, et al. (2001) for tire running over 10 mm thick water fluid film. In addition, dynamic contact force of a smooth tread pattern tire rolling on a dry flat pavement was also found to be close to the result reported by Nakajima, et al. (2000). In addition, the effect of fluid water layer thickness on the hydroplaning velocity and normal contact force for tires with smooth tread pattern and longitudinally-grooved tread patterns rolling on a wet roadway analyzed by the LS-DYNA code are reported and discussed.     

Determination of relative damage of asphalt pavement from reduced tire contact area

Considering the traditional contact area which is a full circular contact area without any tread, in the current pavement design procedure, is an extreme overestimation of contact area and hence extreme underestimation of the real contact stress. Since the relationship between the contact stress and pavement damage is not linear but exponential, even a trivial difference between tire contact areas leads to significant difference in terms of induced pavement damage. This study was conducted to quantify the relative damage caused by realistic tire–pavement contact area with respect to the full contact area. Therefore, permanent deformation profiles of different contact areas at three tire load groups were obtained using an in-house Rotary Compactor and Wheel Tracker equipment and the relative damage analyses were done between tires with and without tread from various aspects. These aspects include operational life reduction ratio, rutting rate, linear and nonlinear relative damage concepts. It was concluded that on average real tires with tread cause 57% reduction in the operational life. In average, real tires with tread induce 1.23 times more mm per cycle. Based on linear relative damage analysis, in average, real tires with tread are 2.6 times more damaging. Furthermore, nonlinear relative damage analyses indicate that real tires with tread induce about three times more rutting compared to the worn-out control tread.     

不同花纹轮胎噪声辐射特性

轮胎噪声是交通环境噪声的主要来源之一,也是汽车噪声的主要声源。用虚拟模型预测的方法对滚动轮胎的振动辐射噪声进行预测分析。通过对滚动轮胎施加路面简谐激励,获取滚动轮胎表面加速度响应并作为声学分析的边界条件。采用边界元的方法分析不同花纹形式的滚动轮胎在路面激励下振动辐射噪声特性,结果表明花纹形式直接影响着滚动轮胎振动辐射噪声的大小,胎面花纹质量越小,振动辐射噪声越大,研究结果具有工程应用价值。     

The “intelligent tire” utilizing passive SAW sensorsmeasurement of tire friction

The term “intelligent tire” describes tires equipped with sensor systems to monitor thermal and mechanical parameters while driving. Information about temperature, tire pressure, tread wear, etc., is collected and used for car operation and maintenance support. The contact between tire and road surface is a key parameter when characterizing the ability to accelerate, decelerate and steer a vehicle, therefore making contact monitoring important for modern car control systems. Following numerous previous theoretical works, the friction coefficient can be measured by evaluating the mechanical strain in the tire surface contacting the road-utilizing the deformation of the tread elements. A new monitoring method using passive radio requestable SAW sensors is presented. The principle, measurement setup and experimental results are shown     

高架候车厅车致振动特性及减振控制研究

为评估某火车站高架候车厅结构车致振动特性及振动对于舒适度的影响,采用振动测试的方法对列车经过时该候车厅不同部位的振动进行现场实测.基于实测数据及数值模拟分析对比,得到该火车站结构不同部位对车致振动的响应特征,在此基础上结合国家标准进行舒适度评估;通过1/3倍频程谱分析,研究结构不同部位各频带范围的加速度振动级.对于加速...