利用石墨尾矿研制陶瓷仿古砖

分析了石墨尾矿的化学组成、矿物组成及显微结构,然后以石墨尾矿、高岭土、页岩、钾长石、钠长石等为原料,设计并制备了陶瓷仿古砖,研究了石墨尾矿添加量对仿古砖相组成、显微结构及性能的影响。结果表明:石墨尾矿的添加量可达70%(质量分数),经1 100℃烧成的样品综合性能最优,抗折强度达90.47 MPa、吸水率为0.18%、气孔率0.44%、体积密度2.47 g/cm~3、烧成收缩6.69%,样品的相组成为钙长石、石英、透辉石和赤铁矿,以石墨尾矿为主要原料可制备满足《陶瓷砖》GB/T 4100—2015的陶瓷仿古砖。     

铁尾矿掺量对尾矿瓷质砖性能和结构的影响

以湖北某地低硅铁尾矿为主要原料制备瓷质砖,考察了铁尾矿掺量对瓷质砖性能、结构及烧成温度的影响,分析了其影响的作用机理。结果表明,铁尾矿可以促进烧结过程中液相的生成,降低烧成温度,然而掺入过多的铁尾矿则会导致瓷质砖烧成温度范围变窄,在铁尾矿掺量为55%～65%范围内,样品性能满足国家标准陶瓷砖(GB/T 4100-2015)中对于干压瓷质砖的要求,其烧成温度范围大于40℃。分析表明,由于铁尾矿中铁、钙含量较高,其可与原料中的石英及硅铝酸盐反应形成低共熔物,促进坯体的烧结致密,随着铁尾矿掺量的进一步增加,坯体中形成富余Fe_2O_3、CaO的液相,其高温粘度随温度的升高而急剧下降,导致样品膨胀变形而烧成温度范围变窄。     

温度制度对尾矿烧结砖性能及结构的影响

以鄂西赤铁矿尾矿为主要原料制备烧结砖,研究了升温速率、烧成温度和保温时间对样品的性能、相组成以及显微结构的影响.结果表明:烧成温度和保温时间是影响样品性能和结构的主要因素,升温速率从2 ℃/min到10 ℃/min变化对砖体性能影响不大.XRD和SEM分析表明:新的结晶相α-鳞石英、钙铝黄长石和钙长石在1000 ℃左右开始形成,同尾矿中原有的α-石英和赤铁矿等晶相一起构成烧结砖的矿物骨架,赋予其强度;液相量随着烧成温度的提高不断增多,晶体颗粒被熔融的玻璃质所包裹胶结形成整体,有利于强度的提高和吸水率的降低.最适宜的温度制度为升温速率6 ℃/min左右、烧成温度980～1030 ℃、烧成保温时间2～3 h,在此条件下烧制的尾矿烧结砖各项性能均达到<烧结普通砖>(GB/T5101-2003)中MU20的要求.     

用Bayer法赤泥制备的多孔陶瓷滤料的结构与性能

实验以Bayer法赤泥为主要原料制备多孔陶瓷滤料,研究了赤泥添加量、烧成温度等对样品的烧成温度范围、显气孔率、压碎强度、耐酸耐碱性和显微结构等的影响.理化性能和显微结构测试表明:赤泥添加量和烧成温度是影响样品结构和性能的土要因素.赤泥添加质量达60%时,样品烧成温度为1 100℃,样品的显气孔率为31.78%,吸水率为15.34%,体积密度为2.07kg/m3,压碎强度为26.74MPa,耐酸性为93.54%,耐碱性为99.27%.样品的晶相组成为γ-Fe2O3、α-鳞石英、钠长石及斜辉石等,是一种气孔率高且强度高的优质滤料.     

高掺量低硅铁尾矿制备瓷质砖的研究

以湖北某地低硅铁尾矿为主要原料,高岭土、石英砂、长石为辅料制备瓷质砖.考察了原料配比和制备工艺条件对瓷质砖性能的影响,并结合XRD及SEM分析,探讨了铁尾矿瓷质砖的微观结构及性能的形成机理.结果表明,加入55％～65％的铁尾矿可全部取代长石制备瓷质砖,适宜制备条件为:成型压力30 MPa、烧成温度1200℃、保温时间15 min,在此条件下制得样品的主要性能指标符合国家标准陶瓷砖(GB/T 4100-2006)中对于干压瓷质砖的要求及陶瓷砖环境标志产品技术要求(HJ/T 297-2006)中的规定.尾矿瓷质砖的矿物组成主要是赤铁矿、石英和方石英,其次是钙长石和莫来石,玻璃相充填其中,形成玻璃相和晶体颗粒胶结的致密整体,对砖坯的致密化和成瓷发挥重要作用.     

原位生成堇青石结合红柱石太阳能热发电储热陶瓷的抗热震性能

为提高储热陶瓷材料的抗热震性能,采用原位生成堇青石增强技术,以红柱石为主要原料,通过半干压成型,无压烧结研制了用于太阳能高温热发电红柱石储热陶瓷材料样品。研究了配方组成、烧成温度、相组成、微观结构对样品抗热震性能的影响。结果表明：红柱石添加量为 70%,经1 400 ℃烧成的样品抗热震性能最佳：30 次热震实验（热震条件：1 100 ℃～室温,风冷）的强度不仅没有损失,反而增加了 26.20%。相组成和微观结构分析表明样品的晶相为堇青石、莫来石、硅线石、α-方石英、α-石英等,原位生成的堇青石晶体均匀分布在由红柱石转化的莫来石晶体之间,赋予样品较好的抗热震性能     

用烧结法赤泥制备多孔陶瓷滤球的研究

本文以烧结法赤泥为主要原料制备了多孔陶瓷滤球,研究了赤泥添加量、烧成温度等对样品的烧成温度范围、显气孔率、压碎强度、耐酸耐碱性、显微结构等的影响。理化性能和显微结构测试表明,赤泥添加量和烧成温度是影响样品结构和性能的主要因素,二者对样品各项性能均产生交互式影响。赤泥添加量为50wt%、烧成温度1120℃时,样品的显气孔率为37.29%,吸水率为19.61%,体积密度为1.90kg/m3,压碎强度为24.54MPa,耐酸性为84.01%,耐碱性为98.98%,气孔分布均匀,呈三维连通状,可以满足用作污水处理过滤介质的要求。     

利用黄金尾矿制备发泡陶瓷的研究

中国黄金尾矿资源量大,作为二次资源在建筑材料领域的综合利用有着重要的经济价值和环境意义。以黄金尾矿为主要原料,SiC为发泡剂,通过高温制备发泡陶瓷,用激光共聚焦显微镜、XRD等手段,研究了烧结温度、黄金尾矿掺入量、原料粒度对材料的容重、真气孔率和孔径等性能的影响。研究表明:随着烧结温度的升高,发泡陶瓷材料的真气孔率和孔径增大,容重减小;材料的真气孔率和容重随着黄金尾矿掺入量的增大分别降低和提高,随着原料粒度的减小分别提高和降低,气孔孔径随着黄金尾矿掺量的增大和原料粒度的减小均呈下降趋势。优化后,在烧成温度1 050 ℃,黄金尾矿掺入量50%(质量分数),黄金尾矿平均粒度D(50)=5.6 μm,SiC平均粒度D(50)=3.0 μm的条件下可制备出性能良好的发泡陶瓷。     

不同气氛下某金矿尾渣制备烧结型陶瓷材料的试验和机理研究

以金矿尾渣为主要原料,添加一定比例其他矿物原料制备烧结型陶瓷材料.探究了不同气氛对其物相组成及物理性能的影响.通过XRF、XRD、TG-MS等测试方法对陶瓷样品的物相组成及烧成过程中SO2气体的释放规律进行分析,并测试其不同温度下的烧失量、吸水率、体积密度、抗折强度.结果表明,通过控制烧成气氛可以抑制FeS2的热分解,不仅减缓了SO2气体的释放量从而避免了样品在快烧过程中黑心鼓包现象的产生,同时氮气气氛条件下烧成的试样具有更好的致密性,为金尾矿资源化利用提供了新的工艺方法.     

铁矿尾矿矿相组成与制砖烧成工艺关系的研究

对铁矿尾矿进行了X射线、综合热分析，确定其矿相组成，制定出合理的烧成制度。结果表明，可以用全尾矿制造建筑用砖。     

氧化焰低温无铅生料快烧Fe_2O_3-B_2O_3-SiO_2砂金艺术釉制备工艺研究

以烧硼砂、石英、氧化铁、钾长石,苏州土等为主要原料制备铁系低温砂金釉。主要研究了釉料组成、最高烧成温度、析晶保温温度、析晶保温时间等对釉面性能的影响。     

低温陶瓷釉的制备

低温烧结工艺是目前陶瓷行业节约能源、降低燃耗、提高生产效率的有效途径,因此在低温条件下烧制陶瓷釉逐渐成为研究热点。为大幅度降低烧结温度,采用磷酸钠代替基础釉中的二氧化硅的方法,促使液相在低温形成,成功研制了烧成温度为890 ℃的基础釉。当磷酸钠质量分数达到33.25%时,基础釉的烧成温度降低了290 ℃。采用场发射扫描电镜分析了样品的表面和断口形貌,实验结果表明磷酸钠能够显著降低陶瓷釉的煅烧温度。通过在基础釉中加入显色剂,实现了在低温下制备红色陶瓷釉,并且烧成温度降低了350 ℃。实验结果表明,磷酸钠在低温陶瓷釉的制备过程中起到降低温度的重要作用。这些研究结果有助于彩色陶瓷釉的研制。     

自然流纹艺术釉的研制

利用德化陶瓷工业常用原料,采用正交与单因素实验,系统研究了釉料配方中黑泥、瓷石、长石、锆英粉的量以及釉层厚度、保温时间、烧成温度、干燥方法等因素对釉面流纹效果的影响,确定了最佳釉料配方及工艺参数.实验结果表明:釉料组成是影响流纹釉效果的内在因素.当面釉中黑泥加入量为8％时,可使釉面在干燥时开裂;瓷石加入量为61％时,会...     

仿黄金光泽釉的研究

本实验采用熔块釉制备了仿黄金金属光泽釉,主要采用单因素实验法考察了发色剂和工艺条件对金属光泽釉的影响,最终制备出在1190～1250℃下快速烧成的适用于建筑陶瓷用的仿黄金金属光泽釉。     

Underglaze engobe for ceramic facing tiles

A formula for white underglaze engobe is developed based on porcelain-faience waste (after the first firing) to be used on facing tiles with a dark-colored ceramic base. Applying this engobe to a dried tile ensures good sinterability of the engobe to the tile at higher temperatures of the first firing. This makes it possible to simplify the engobe composition and to improve the quality parameters of the tile itself and of the glaze coating.     

The morphology and structure of crystals in Qing Dynasty purple‐gold glaze excavated from the Forbidden City

Ancient Chinese purple‐gold glaze (zijinyou) is popular for its beautiful figuration, unique allure and fine craftsmanship. To understand the crystalline nature in the purple‐gold glaze, the morphology and structure of crystals precipitated in the glaze layer of purple‐gold glaze porcelain fired during the Qing Dynasty were characterized by a variety of methods combining X‐ray and electron‐based techniques. A large quantity of single‐phase twinning ε‐Fe₂O₃ crystals with lengths of 1‐3 μm, widths of less than 1 μm, and thickness of approximately 150 nm are found dispersed across the glaze surface to a depth of approximately tens of micrometers. These crystals show stratification across the cross‐section of the purple glaze consisting of 4 sublayers according to the crystal size. The formation of ε‐Fe₂O₃ crystals primarily contributed to the reddish‐brown tones of the purple‐gold glaze. The presence of anorthite, a strong reducing atmosphere during the firing process and the vitreous nature of the glaze influenced the growth of ε‐Fe₂O₃ crystals. These results suggest the controllability of single‐phase ε‐Fe₂O₃ crystals by identifying and understanding the underlying chemical processes in ancient Chinese crystalline glaze porcelain, and the findings will provide insights for modern material scientists in preparing ε‐Fe₂O₃ crystals with large sizes and high purities.     

Floor tile glass-ceramic glaze for improvement of glaze surface properties

Simultaneous improvement of surface hardness and glossiness of floor tile glaze, without changing its firing temperature, was the main purpose of the present paper. Thus, various glazes in the system of CaO–MgO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃–ZrO₂ were prepared and their crystallization behaviors within a fast firing cycle were investigated. With increasing amounts of calcium and magnesium oxides to base glass, the optimum glass-ceramic glaze was obtained. The results showed that with increasing of CaO and MgO part weights in frit, the crystallization peak temperature was gradually decreased and the intensities of diopside and zirconium silicate were increased. The comparison of micro hardness for the optimum glass ceramic glaze derived in this work with a traditional one used in floor tile industries indicates an improvement of 21%. It was found that the glaze hardness not only depend on the amount and type of crystalline phases, but also on the residual glass composition. Furthermore, it was observed that the glaze micro hardness is only slightly affected by thermal expansion mismatch of body and glaze.     

Gold nanoparticle colorants as traditional ceramic glaze alternatives

Historically, Roman stained glass has been a standard for high‐temperature color stability since biblical times but was not properly characterized as emission from nanoparticle plasmon resonance until the 1990s. The methods under which it was created have been lost, but some efforts have recently been made to recreate these properties using gold nanoparticle inks on glassy surfaces. This body of work employs gold nanoparticle systems ranging from 0.015% to 0.100% (wt/wt), suspended in a clear glaze body. The glazes are fired with traditional ceramic methods—in both gas reduction and electric oxidation kilns—in which nanoparticles are retained and can be imaged via TEM. Various colors intensities are reported in addition to changes in nanoparticle size after application and firing. The nanoparticle glazes are compared to traditional red glazes, highlighting the significantly lower metal loading required (5%‐10% for traditional glazes vs 0.100% for gold (wt/wt)), therein. Finally, proof of concept is provided with a functional gold nanoparticle mug, fired in reduction, that costs roughly 0.98$ USD in gold used.     

低成本一次低温快烧生料无光釉的研制

以工业废渣为主要原料研制了低温一次快烧生料无光釉，分析探讨了废渣无光釉的化学组成和烧成条件，该釉不仅适于一次低温快烧工艺，而且可显著降低釉料成本，在墙地砖生产中有较大应用价值。     

梦幻蓝色釉的研制

介绍了高档卫生瓷梦幻蓝色釉的研制过程 ,讨论了颜料本身属性、烧成制度和其它工艺因素对梦幻蓝色釉的影响 ,其工艺特点是底釉和面釉分别制备 ,两次施釉 ,一次烧成。