铜熔炼渣和吹炼渣混合浮选的生产实践

东营方圆有色金属有限公司采用浮选工艺对铜熔炼渣和吹炼渣进行混合选矿,以回收炉渣中的铜等有价金属。实际生产中采用三段破碎+两段球磨的浮选工艺,通过合理控制破碎粒度、磨矿粒度以及加药量等工艺参数,有效地提高了铜等金属的回收率。     

影响羊拉铜矿金属综合回收率、精矿品位因素的探讨

羊拉铜矿是一个以铜为主,多种有益元素伴生的多金属矿山。目前羊拉铜矿回收铜、金、银三种金属,单一铜精矿产品。但羊拉铜矿因多种因素的影响,三种金属的综合回收率、铜精矿品位还是较低。通过研究粒度、泥质矿物、浮选浓度、药剂制度、水质、操作管理等影响金属综合回收率、精矿品位等因素,达到了提高羊拉铜矿的选矿各项技术经济指标的目的。     

Toxicity of metal extraction and flotation chemicals to Sulfolobus metallicus and chalcopyrite bioleaching

The effect of chemicals used in preparation of mineral concentrates and subsequent extraction of metals to the thermophilic, acidophilic microorganism Sulfolobus metallicus has been tested. The chemicals tested included collectors and frothers employed during flotation of the ore to produce a mineral concentrate, solvent extraction reagents used to remove metals after leaching, and thiocyanate produced as a decomposition product during cyanidation for gold recovery. The effect of these chemicals to S. metallicus depends on the conditions and time frame that the experiments were carried out due to their mode of toxicity and stability in acid pH. The metal extraction chemical that had the least effect on bioleaching was potassium amyl xanthate that increased the leaching rate, possibly due to solubilization of sulfur that can form passivation layers on the surface of minerals. The frother Flotanol C-7 decreased the chalcopyrite leaching rate, despite having no effect on Fe²⁺ oxidation by S. metallicus resting cells. This is probably due to inhibition of oxygen transfer during bioleaching that had little effect on Fe²⁺ oxidation over 20 min. Solvent extraction chemicals inhibited both Fe²⁺ oxidation and bioleaching suggesting their mode of inhibition is due to Fe²⁺ oxidation. The results suggest that relevant concentrations of metal extraction and flotation chemicals can be toxic to chalcopyrite bioleaching by S. metallicus.     

粒度大小对赤铁矿和石英浮选分离的影响

通过浮选试验、DLVO理论计算、聚焦光束反射测量（FBRM）等研究了油酸钠浮选体系下粒度大小对赤铁矿和石英浮选分离的影响。人工混合矿浮选试验表明,窄粒级粗粒或中等粒级的赤铁矿?石英混合矿（CH&CQ和MH&CQ）的浮选效果较好,其中CH&CQ和MH&CQ的分选效率分别为85.49%和84.26%,明显高于全粒级混合矿（RH&RQ）的分选效率74.94%;但窄粒级的细粒赤铁矿?石英混合矿（FH&FQ）的浮选效果则较差,其分选效率只有54.98%。浮选动力学试验表明,赤铁矿的浮选速率和回收率不仅与赤铁矿的粒度有关,还受石英粒度的影响,细粒脉石矿物石英会降低赤铁矿的浮选速率和回收率。DLVO理论计算表明,当矿浆pH值为9.0时,石英与赤铁矿颗粒间的相互作用力为斥力,此时细粒石英很难“罩盖”在赤铁矿表面并通过这种“直接作用”的方式抑制赤铁矿浮选,这也与聚焦光束反射测量（FBRM）的测定结果基本一致;颗粒?气泡碰撞分析表明,在浮选过程中细粒石英可能通过“边界层效应”的方式跟随气泡升浮（夹带作用）,影响赤铁矿颗粒与气泡间的碰撞及黏附,从而降低了赤铁矿的浮选速率和回收率。      

STUDIES ON THE APPLICATION OF ALKYL PHOSPHORIC ACID ESTER IN THE FLOTATION OF WOLFRAMITE

The application of alkyl phosphoric acid ester for the flotation of wolframite was investigated. The studies include flotation of pure wolframite as a function of pulp pH, surfactant concentration, and particle size. The response contours were explained on the basis of solution properties of alkyl phosphoric acid ester. The performance of alkyl phosphoric acid collector has been compared with other commercially used wolframite flotation reagents. The efficacy of the reagent was also tested using a low-grade quartz vein type tungsten ore (WO₃ 0.2%) having wolframite as the chief tungsten-bearing mineral. Different parameters that influence the flotation selectivity (pH, collector and dispersant dosage, kinetics) were investigated in the bench scale studies. A continuous flotation test with a reagent regime of alkyl phosphoric acid collector-sodium silicofluoride modifier—amyl alcohol frother—gave a float product analyzing WO₃ 8% with 68% overall recovery after multistage flotation. The tungsten metal values from this cleaner float can be extracted efficiently using established hydrometallurgical methods.     

碳酸钠对白钨矿自载体浮选的影响及机理

-10 μm白钨矿的浮选回收率低, 导致大量白钨矿损失于尾矿中, 造成资源浪费, 而载体浮选是提高-10 μm白钨矿回收率的有效方法之一.根据粒级以及粒级组成对白钨矿浮选的影响, 通过浮选试验、理论计算和仪器检测等方法研究了-10 μm细粒级白钨矿的自载体浮选, 同时研究了载体比例、载体含量和碳酸钠对白钨矿自载体浮选的影响.研究结果表明, 油酸钠为捕收剂时, 在合适的载体粒度和载体比例下, 自载体浮选是提高-10 μm白钨矿回收率的有效方法, 碳酸钠可强化白钨矿的自载体浮选, 扩大载体比例和载体粒度范围.机理研究表明, 白钨矿      

True Flotation and Entrainment of Kaolinitic Ore in Batch Tests

A new method for true flotation and entrainment evaluation is proposed and compared with three renowned methods. Therefore, reverse froth flotation tests were conducted in a laboratory Denver cell with a kaolinitic ore. The evaluation of entrainment and true flotation was based on the recoveries of iron, titanium, and manganese oxides (FeO, TiO₂, and MnO), and the contributions of each oxide on kaolin minerals determined by electronic microprobe. The effect of particle size in the flotation process was analyzed by particle size distributions of four fractions (<25 µm; +25–45 µm, +45–63 µm; and >63 µm). The contribution of entrainment is similar for the three oxides and the degree of entrainment decreases with increasing particle size; however, the recovery by true flotation is different because of its discriminatory effect on minerals. MnO has the greatest recovery, as a consequence of the major contribution of its hydrophobic minerals, while FeO has the lowest recovery values. The results of the proposed method, developed for fully liberated feeds, are coherent with those obtained by the other three methods, despite the slightly overestimated contribution of entrainment in the case of fraction greater than 63 µm.     

煤泥选择性絮凝浮选中聚丙烯酰胺的作用机制

测试了阴离子型低相对分子质量聚丙烯酰胺PAM A401作用对煤及高岭石絮体表观粒径分布、样品红外光谱以及表面润湿性的影响,并通过浮选速度实验验证PAM A401的作用效果.研究表明,12 mg·L^-1PAM A401且循环搅拌11 min时,煤絮体累积粒度分布达到10%、50%和90%时对应的粒径分别是高岭石絮体的6.86、2.22和2.45倍,呈较好的絮凝选择性.吸附PAM A401后,煤的亲水性官能团特征峰增强,疏水性降低;高岭石的亲、疏水性官能团均有增加,疏水性略高.与常规浮选相比,选择性絮凝浮选实验的浮选速率较大,捕收剂用量降低30%.浮选3 min时,选择性絮凝浮选实验的可燃体回收率为81.57%,较常规浮选实验高3.64%,精煤灰分相当.PAM A401虽使煤颗粒的表面润湿性降低,但微细粒煤颗粒表观粒径增大的效应促进微细粒煤泥的分选.     

Analysis of inclusions and precipitates in tough weld metal of X80 steel

Submerged arc welding(SAW)and gas metal arc welding(GMAW)experiments of Nb-bearing X80 steel were conducted with high-toughness wires.The inclusions in weld metals were analyzed in terms of their types and sizes.In GMAW,the inclusions are primarily Ti,Ca,Si,Al,and Mg compounds with no Nb and are generally less than 0.8 pm in size,whereas,in SAW weld,the inclusions are larger,mostly approximately 2-5 μm in size,and are cored with Ca and Ti,exhibiting obvious oxidation metallurgical features.The SAW joint was hot-deformed,and Nb-bearing nano precipitates were newly found in the weld metal through transmission electron microscopy,and Nb-free core-shell inclusion was found through scanning electron microscopy.The inclusions and precipitates were dispersed in or on the boundaries of acicular ferrite,contributing to acicular ferrite nucleation and grain refinement.     

不同因素对黄铜矿、黄铁矿浮选分离动力学影响的研究

以动力学参数K（浮选速率系数）为依据,来评判黄铜矿、黄铁矿快速浮选分离的可能性.首 先,在不同矿浆浓度、浮选粒度及浮选机转速等条件下考察黄铜矿和黄铁矿纯矿物K值的变化,在一 定程度上阐释了黄铜矿、黄铁矿快速浮选分离的动力学机理及其可能性;同时,为使黄铜矿、黄铁矿快 速浮选分离技术在工业上具有适用性,进一步研究黄铜矿与黄铁矿组成的2种粒级的混合矿在适当 浮选条件下的动力学特性.结果表明,适当的浮选条件,可扩大黄铜矿与黄铁矿之间的浮选速率差异,从而实现黄铜矿的快速优先浮选.      

Review of Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from Copper Leach Residues and Other Resources

Porphyry copper and mixed copper-gold sulfide deposits contain varying amounts of precious (gold and silver) and platinum group metals (PGMs). Currently, milling and froth flotation is the most common processing route for the treatment of high-grade base metal sulfide ores. During this process, the precious metals and PGMs are also concentrated and represent a possible opportunity for the beneficiation of these metals to increase the overall economic value of the ore. Although not yet commercialized, the high temperature pressure oxidation (POX) of copper concentrates provides an alternative processing route to traditional smelting technology. With increasingly aggressive air quality standards and rising upstream processing costs for smelting, hydrometallurgical processing options become progressively attractive. The treatment of POX residues for the recovery of precious metals has seen significant attention and multiple processing routes have been developed on various scales. Extraction and beneficiation of PGMs from copper concentrate POX residue has garnered significantly less attention and mechanistic questions remain to be answered. Based on a review of the processing options for PGM ores and concentrates, hydrometallurgical processing routes for the extraction of PGMs from copper concentrate POX residues are envisioned.     

Effects of pH, pulp density and particle size on solubilization of metals from a Pb/Zn smelting slag using indigenous moderate thermophilic bacteria

A series of bioleaching experiments were designed to elucidate the effect of pH, pulp density and particle size on solubilization of heavy metals, such as As, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb and Mn, from a Pb/Zn smelting slag using indigenous moderate thermophilic bacteria, and the surface morphological characteristics of the residues were observed by SEM. The results showed that the solubilization of heavy metals from the slag was significantly influenced by pH and pulp density in bioleaching, however, it was slightly influenced by particle size of the slag when the particle size is less than 0.83 mm. Under the optimum condition (pH 1.5, pulp density 10%, and particle size of the slag less than 0.83 mm, respectively), about 86%-91% of As, 90%-93% of Cu, 90%-94% of Mn and 81%-87% of Zn from the slag have been bioleached after 6 days. The surface morphological characteristics of the residues after 6 days bioleaching analyzed by SEM showed that metal solubilization can be improved by acid leaching but significantly contributed to the activities of the ingenious bacteria. Consequently, metals in the slag can be extracted by bacteria according to the corrosive holes on the surface of the bioleached residues.     

从超细粒高铅锌氰化尾渣中浮选回收有价金属的试验研究

从超细粒氰化尾渣中回收有价元素是浮选中的难题,目前采用的方法主要是先加入氧化剂预处理脱氰,再加入捕收剂浮选。然而,该工艺存在药剂成本高、氰化物无法循环使用及矿物表面二次氧化等问题。以山东某高铅锌氰化尾渣为研究对象,在不脱氰的条件下,以氰化贫液为浮选用水,通过浮选试验和闭路试验等方法研究氰化尾渣的浮选回收效果。试验结果表明,在不脱氰的条件下,可浮选回收铅锌,铅精矿铅品位为56.61%,回收率为89.04%;锌精矿锌品位为32.6%,回收率为74.5%。SEM显微镜研究表明,铅精矿中铜矿物表面包裹一层小颗粒方铅矿,改变了黄铜矿界面性质,使得铜矿物表面特性趋于方铅矿界面性质,导致铜矿物大部分进入铅精矿中。     

Hydrothermal Sulfidation and Flotation of Oxidized Zinc-Lead Ore

The sample with smithsonite and cerussite as the main valuable metal minerals is a carbonate-hosted lead-zinc ore in the current study. Hydrothermal sulfidation of oxidized zinc-lead ore was carried out with a particle size of 74 to 58 μm and the mole ratio of sulfur and zinc of 2.0 at 453 K (180 °C) for 240 minutes, and 73 pct zinc and 86 pct lead sulfidation fraction were achieved. Flotation of the unsulfided sample was ineffective, with less than 55 pct recovery of zinc and lead. After sulfidation, the recoveries of zinc and lead in flotation concentrate were over 92 pct. A flotation concentrate was obtained with zinc and lead content of 41.2 pct and 22.1 pct, respectively.     

Pressure leaching of copper converter slag using dilute sulphuric acid for the extraction of cobalt, nickel and copper values

In our earlier studies [1–4], conditions were optimized for leaching converter slag with ferric chloride/dilute sulphuric acid for the recovery of cobalt, nickel and copper. By using both leachants most of the copper, nickel and cobalt values could be solubilized. Subsequent treatment of the leach liquors for separation and recovery of metals was difficult due to the presence of large quantities of iron in relation to other metal concentrations. In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop a process based on pressure leaching of the slag with dilute sulphuric acid in which iron contamination could be minimized by oxidation and hydrolysis. Various parameters including leaching time, pulp density, particle size, concentration of acid and oxygen partial pressure were studied to optimize the solubility of metal values. Under optimum conditions about 90% copper and more than 95% each of nickel and cobalt could be extracted with only 0.8% extraction of iron.     

转炉渣含铜影响因素分析及生产措施

楚雄滇中有色金属有限责任公司产出的转炉渣含铜持续偏高,对后续铜渣浮选的生产操作和工艺指标控制均有不同程度的影响.针对此问题,公司从转炉渣化学成分、物相,铜金属在转炉渣中损失形式,转炉渣含铜数据进行了研究,并从入炉铜锍品位,冷料加入量、加入时机和粒度大小,石英熔剂加入量,造渣、放渣操作等方面进行了深入分析,提出了降低渣含...     

氧压浸锌高硫渣工艺矿物学研究及元素回收

氧压浸锌是一种新兴的湿法浸锌工艺,工艺过程中将会产生40%高硫渣,由于高硫渣的颗粒不均匀,黏度大,工艺矿物学研究不深入,导致高硫渣的处理和利用难度大。以内蒙某锌冶炼厂的高硫渣、硫精矿、硫尾矿为研究对象,研究其工艺矿物学特性,以及有价金属铅、锌、铜、银等综合回收利用。采用XRF、偏光显微镜、SEM-EDS、激光粒度分析仪和MLA矿物解离分析仪等测试分析方法,探究高硫渣、硫精矿、硫尾矿的元素和矿物组成、粒度和矿物连生情况。高硫渣浮选硫回收率84.5%,硫尾矿投入奥斯麦特富氧顶吹炉铅冶炼系统后,Pb、Zn、Ag的回收率分别为95.3%、85.6%、96.91%。     

金宝山铂钯浮选精矿几种处理工艺的讨论

云南金宝山铂矿是我国目前发现的第一个具有工业开采价值的原生铂矿。已公开报道的处理其浮选精矿的冶炼工艺包括：微波加热或硫酸熟化预处理后湿法提取铂钯；火法造锍熔炼富集后再湿法处理高镍锍或低镍锍；直接加压氧化酸浸后加压氰化浸出铂钯。本文对上述几种工艺进行了比较讨论。指出：工艺方案一存在化学试剂耗量大，有害气体污染环境，Cu，Ni，Co难于分离和Pt，Pd浸出率低等缺点；工艺方案二则工序繁冗，能耗高，污染严重，周期长，贵金属富集物品位低，经济上难以创效；工艺方案三更适合处理金宝山铂钯浮选精矿，且具有铂钯回收指标高、工序短、成本低、无SO2污染等优点。加压氧化酸浸后进行加压氰化的全湿法新工艺突破了处理含铂族金属硫化矿只有采用火法熔炼才能有效地捕集铂族金属的传统观点，对提高金宝山铂矿资源的综合利用水平具有重要意义。     

Dynamic Characteristics of Particle Size Distribution in Highway Runoff: Implications for Settling Tank Design

To understand the characteristics of particle size distribution (PSD) in highway runoff and to facilitate designing best management practices, PSD (2–1,000?μm) was monitored in seven rainfall events in the 2002–2003 rainy season at three highway sites in west Los Angeles. Most of the particles in number were less than 30?μm in diameter and more than 90% were less than 10?μm. Particle number concentration decreased rapidly to 6?mm of accumulated rainfall and then declined more slowly throughout the storm. Particle number concentration was correlated with total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity. Grab sample particle median diameter increased with increasing TSS. A two-compartment settling tank was evaluated using the measured PSD and was effective in removing both small and large particles. Capturing and retaining the first 20% of the runoff volume on seasonal average can remove 40% of the total particulate load based on calculated particle mass. Using literature data for metal concentrations sorbed to particles, this size holding compartment coupled with a similar size continuous flow clarifier can achieve 65–90% removal for the metals investigated.     

低品位氧化铜矿石浮选工艺试验研究

通过对某低品位氧化铜矿石进行工艺矿物学研究,进而查明该矿石的化学成分、矿物组成、嵌镶关系、粒度分布特征。并进行了浮选条件及闭路试验研究,确定低品位氧化铜矿石浮选的工艺参数,取得了铜精矿含铜达18．16％,回收率达80．03％较好的选别指标。可向同类低品位氧化铜矿石选矿提供有宜的借鉴。