大规格铝合金-纯铝-钢爆炸复合板制备及性能研究

通过爆炸工艺制备出大规格船用铝合金-纯铝-钢(5083/1060/CCSB)爆炸焊接复合板,并对其结合质量、力学性能及界面形态进行了研究。结果表明,复合板的结合质量良好;铝/钢界面的剪切强度达到75 MPa以上,其它力学性能也均达到了CCS《材料与焊接规范》2012及《铝-铝-钢过渡接头标准》(Q/725—1100—2001)的要求;界面形态的分析表明,铝/钢界面呈近似于直线状结合,铝/铝界面呈波状结合。     

不同热处理制度对钛-钢复合板的影响

采用爆炸焊接方法制作大面积钛-钢复合板,在爆炸焊接完成后需进行热处理以消除爆炸焊接过程中产生的应力。本文研究了不同热处理制度对钛-钢复合板的影响,并确定了合适的钛-钢复合板热处理制度。     

917低磁钢与铝合金爆炸焊接复合实验研究

采用异种金属爆炸焊接复合技术，研制了917低磁钢与LF5、LF21、LF11等铝合金的爆炸焊接复合反，并对该铝－钢复合板力力学性能进行了实验研究，对复合界面进行了金相分析，实验结果表明，该铝－钢复合板合复界面物理结合良好，其抗剪和抗弯强度满足实船使用要求。     

国内船用铝-钢爆炸复合过渡接头应用现状及展望

铝-钢爆炸复合过渡接头在船体设计建造中的应用日趋广泛,以常用的铝-铝-钢、铝-钛-钢两种材料组合为主要对象,对爆炸复合技术进行扼要介绍,分析过渡接头的基本性能特点,论述我国铝-钢过渡接头的材料体系、标准体系和焊接工艺方面的研究进展,分析铝-钢爆炸复合过渡接头在应用中存在的典型问题,指出应进一步完善现有铝-钢爆炸复合过渡接头的性能验证、焊接工艺、腐蚀防护等方面的要求,确保材料应用的安全可靠。     

铝合金-钢爆炸焊接装药量与界面性能的关系(英文)

通过设计不同的爆炸焊接工艺参数爆炸复合了铝合金-钢爆炸复合板,并对复合板的界面性能进行了显微分析和力学性能测试,探讨了爆炸焊接装药量对复合板界面性能的影响。结果表明:在铝合金-钢复合板的的结合界面产生了一层金属间化合物并且在化合物中产生了许多微裂纹。随着装药量的增加,界面化合物的厚度略有增加,其上微裂纹的的数量也有所增加。复合界面的剪切强度随着装药量的增加而有所降低。界面化合物对复合板强度产生不利影响,铝合金-钢爆炸焊接时应尽量采用小药量。     

烟囱钢内筒钛-钢复合板焊接浅析

钛-钢复合板:用爆炸或爆炸-轧制方法使钛(复材)与普通钢(基材)达到冶金结合的金属复合板。目前,电力建设中烟囱内筒基本采用钛-钢复合板设计方案。本文对钛-钢复合板加工、焊接时存在的难度和特殊性比较全面地叙述。分析了焊接产生的缺陷和处理方法,对坡口形式、焊材选择、气体保护措施及清洁措施进行了详细说明。     

浇铸式铜-钢复合板在制冷装置中的应用

介绍一种适用于制冷装置压力容器的浇铸式铜-钢复合板。通过对比分析爆炸焊接复合板和堆焊复合板基层与复层结合机制及相关标准的试验、检测要求,提出应对浇铸式铜-钢复合板进行剪切强度试验、超声波检测、化学分析等检验项目,以确保压力容器安全。     

钛-钢爆炸复合板熔焊对接过渡层焊接材料

通过设计TA1-X80爆炸复合板熔焊连接过渡层焊接材料及焊接工艺,结合复合板对接实验及接头组织、成分及性能测试实验,研究钛-钢复合板熔焊对接的过渡层焊接材料及工艺。结果表明:开Y型坡口并采用近钛层+近钢层双层过渡,且近钛层采用Ti-Ni-Al合金系、近钢层采用Ni-Cr-Fe合金系,可实现钛-钢复合板的冶金对接。焊缝组织由钛层粗大等轴晶逐渐转变为过渡层细小等轴晶或树枝晶,并与钢层组织相互交织连接;所得接头抗拉强度及屈服强度分别为501.1,373.0MPa,均达到了复合板接头等强匹配效果,塑/韧性稍有不足,需通过减小过渡层厚度、调整焊材中细化晶粒元素等改善焊缝塑/韧性。     

双层爆炸复合中覆板最小可焊厚度的分析

为了研究双层爆炸焊接中覆板的最小可焊厚度,分析了爆炸焊接对于炸药布药量的要求,提出了一种利用爆炸焊接的碰撞速度下限与覆板的一维平板运动公式计算爆炸焊接中覆板最小可焊厚度的方法,并采用爆炸焊接中常用的3种炸药,分别对不锈钢-钢、铝-钢、钛-钢、铜-钢的爆炸焊接最小可焊厚度进行计算,计算得出4种覆板的最小可焊厚度分别在1....     

爆炸焊接对炸药性能要求的探讨

为了保证爆炸焊接复合板达到良好的质量和能否在爆炸焊接中使用非理想爆轰炸药,对所使用的炸药性能进行了探讨。结合爆炸焊"窗口"理论以及工程实例对用于爆炸焊接的炸药爆速、密度、爆轰状态等参数进行计算,得到了爆炸焊接中炸药爆速的上、下限,密度的取值范围以及提高炸药能量利用率的途径,并在铝-钢焊接工程中取得了较好的效果,以期对爆炸焊接工作有所裨益。     

Vakuumkomponenten für UHV und XHV aus Aluminium

Vacuum components of aluminum for UHV and XHV — weldability and outgassing behavior It has been shown that present‐day aluminum alloys possess sufficient stability to produce aluminum CF flanges for multiple tightening cycles. In order to preserve the mechanical strength it is vitally important that the critical limiting temperature of the materials is not exceeded both during the production process and later in the application. Reproducible welding parameters guarantee vacuum tight welding seams with neat root formation. It could be verified experimentally that critical temperatures in the knife edge area will not be exceeded in case of design according to material properties and special welding parameters. Comparative measurements of identically designed vacuum chambers of stainless steel and aluminum proved that UVH conditions can be achieved much faster and with less energy input (lower bakeout temperature) with aluminum than with stainless steel.     

真空电子束焊接技术应用研究现状

简要概括了真空电子束焊接技术在不同材料连接方面的应用现状及研究发展动态,包括铝及其合金、钢铁材料、铜及铜合金、钛及钛合金、难熔金属钨/钽/铌/钼及其合金、金属间化合物及复合材料电子束焊接的发展现状。针对电子束焊接技术,简述了国内外学者已取得的部分研究成果,包括工艺试验、组织分析、数值模拟和力学性能等;分析了目前电子束焊接技术在材料连接方面还存在的问题,并展望了电子束焊接技术应向高温新型结构材料、异种材料、功能复合材料等方向发展,丰富了连接过程中的理论基础,揭示了工艺与组织及性能的对应关系,扩展了电子束焊接技术的应用领域。     

铝/钢异种材料搅拌摩擦焊研究进展

由于铝、钢的物理化学性质存在巨大差异,铝/钢的连接是焊接领域的难点问题。搅拌摩擦焊是低热输入的固态连接方法,能够有效控制铝/钢金属间化合物的生长,且搅拌针强烈的搅拌作用可增加铝/钢异种材料机械咬合程度,得到高质量的铝/钢焊接接头,铝/钢搅拌摩擦焊已经成为了焊接领域的热点问题。文中综述了铝/钢搅拌摩擦焊国内外研究现状,涉及到接头形式、焊缝成形、焊接工艺和力学性能,着重介绍了铝/钢搅拌摩擦焊接头的连接机制,并围绕铝/钢搅拌摩擦焊存在的两大问题,对铝/钢搅拌摩擦焊新技术进行总结,并进一步提出了铝/钢搅拌摩擦焊的基础研究方向。     

铝/钢异种金属的超声振动强化搅拌摩擦焊接工艺

采用新型超声振动强化搅拌摩擦焊接工艺实现了6061-T6铝合金以及QP980高强钢的搭接焊, 对比分析了有无超声作用下, 接头的宏观形貌、微观组织和拉伸剪切性能, 同时研究了超声振动对焊接载荷的影响。结果表明: 焊接前对母材施加超声振动, 可以起到软化母材的作用, 促进了材料的塑性流动, 扩大了铝/钢界面区和焊核区, 使更多的钢颗粒随搅拌针旋转进入铝合金侧, 在界面区边缘形成钩状结构, 进而提高了接头的失效载荷; 超声改变了FSW接头断裂位置和断口形貌, 提高了接头力学性能, 在本实验工艺参数范围内, 接头最大的平均失效载荷为4.99 kN; 当焊接速度为90 mm/min, 下压量为0.1 mm时, 施加超声振动使接头的平均失效载荷提高了0.98 kN, 拉剪性能提升28.24%;施加超声振动后轴向力F_z、搅拌头扭矩M_t和主轴输出功率分别下降2.46%, 6.44%和4.59%。     

铝/镀锌钢搅拌摩擦铆焊接头组织与力学性能

为实现铝钢之间的优质连接,采用搅拌摩擦铆焊新方法对6061铝合金和DP600镀锌钢进行搭接点焊,利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪及拉伸试验对接头的微观组织及力学性能进行了研究.结果表明:接头成形平整美观,中心没有匙孔;接头包含铆接区和扩散区,其中在铆接区铝合金以铝柱的形式嵌入到钢板的圆孔中,形成了一个"铝铆钉",底部有富铝的α固溶体偏聚,圆孔四周形成扩散区,铝和钢形成了冶金结合,依靠金属间化合物Fe Al3连接在一起;接头有3种断裂形式,在最佳工艺参数下接头的抗剪力达到8.2 k N;铝柱上断口的微观形貌是被拉长的韧窝,扩散区的断口由灰色基体和白色颗粒组成.     

Application of the hybrid process ultrasound enhanced friction stir welding on dissimilar aluminum/dual‐phase steel and aluminum/magnesium joints

Friction stir welding as a solid‐state joining method with its comparatively low process temperatures is suitable for joining dissimilar materials like aluminum/magnesium or aluminum/steel. Such hybrid joints are of great interest regarding lightweight efforts in different industrial fields like the transportation area. The present work investigates the influence of additionally transmitted power ultrasound during the friction stir welding on the joint properties of EN AC‐48000/AZ91 and EN AW‐6061/DP600. Therefore, conventional friction stir welding was continuously compared to ultrasound enhanced friction stir welding. Light microscopic analysis and nondestructive testing of the joints using x‐ray and high frequency ultrasound show different morphologies of the nugget for the aluminum/magnesium joints as well as differences in the amount and size of steel particles in the nugget of aluminum/steel joints. Scanning electron microcopy proves differences in the thickness of continuous intermetallic layers for the aluminum/steel joints realized with and without power ultrasound. Regarding the tensile strength of the joints the power ultrasound leads to increased joint strengths for EN AC‐48000/AZ91 joints compared to a decrease for EN AW‐6061/DP600 joints. Corrosion investigations show an influence of the ultrasound power on the corrosion properties of EN AC‐48000/AZ91 joints which is attributed to a changed aluminum content in the nugget region. Because of the great potential difference between the magnesium and the nugget phase the transitional area exhibits strong galvanic corrosion. For EN AW‐6061/DP600 joints an increased corrosion caused by galvanic effects is not expected as the potentials of the EN AW‐6061 aluminum alloy and DP600 steel are very similar.     

On the microstructure and the origin of intermetallic phase seams in magnetic pulse welding of aluminum and steel

The microstructure of aluminum‐steel compounds fabricated by magnetic pulse welding are investigated. Electron backscatter diffraction, energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed the existence of several different phases along the weld seam. While one layer could be identified as aluminum solid solution, a very thin layer close to the steel side of the compound eluded detailed characterization by scanning electron microscopy techniques. Transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction investigations of this layer revealed a mix of nanocrystalline and amorphous parts. When ambient pressure was reduced to 1 mbar during welding, no interlayers were observed in the samples. This suggests that the interlayers are precipitates of the jet that is formed during conventional impact welding.     

TECHNOLOGICAL PROCEDURES OF ELECTRON BEAM WELDING AND REPAIR

The most developed fields of electron beam welding (EBW) industrial application in the world are aerospace industry, nuclear power engineering, turbine manufactures, instrumentation, automobile industry, manufacture of bimetal strip. The expansion of EBW application is associated with the manufacturing of thick-wall steel structures. A short review of EBW techniques is given. The expediency of applying the electron beam facing of edges before welding the relatively contaminated plate materials is explained. The procedure of welded joint repair is presented. The acceptability of rewelding the defective weld areas is shown for the case of high-strength steel.     

Dissimilar joining of galvanized high-strength steel to aluminum alloy in a zero-gap lap joint configuration by two-pass laser welding

A welding procedure based on using two-pass laser scans is introduced for dissimilar joining of overlapped galvanized high-strength dual-phase (DP) steel DP590 to aluminum alloy (AA) 6061 sheets. The first pass is based on a defocused laser spot that scans across the top of the two overlapped sheets and heats the zinc coating at the faying surface to be melted and partially vaporized, while the second pass is executed with a focused laser spot in order to perform the welding. Completely defect-free galvanized steel to aluminum lap joints were obtained by using this two-pass laser welding procedure. An on-line machine vision system was applied to monitor the keyhole dynamics during the laser welding process. An energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was carried out to determine the atomic percent of zinc, aluminum, and iron in the galvanized steel to aluminum lap joints. Mechanical testing and micro-hardness test were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the galvanized steel to aluminum lap joints. The experimental results showed that the lap joint of galvanized steel to aluminum obtained by the two-pass laser welding approach had a higher failure value than those joints obtained when the zinc at the faying surface was mechanically removed under the same welding speed and laser power.     

低温装备用铝/不锈钢复合连接件性能研究

针对液氢、液氧及液化天然气等储罐低温下应用的铝/不锈钢连接件开展系统性性能研究,分析了爆炸复合后各个界面的形貌特征。通过力学性能检测研究了超低温、室温及高温条件下的拉脱强度变化,使用氦检漏仪对焊接前后样品的气密性进行检测,分析了铝/不锈钢连接件在实际工况下应用的可靠性及该产品的主要风险点。研究结果为该产品的国产化应用奠定了良好的基础。