分流制排水系统中组合式初雨调蓄池的设计与优化

分流制排水系统雨水径流排湖对水体生态环境的破坏日益严重,建设调蓄池截流污染较重的初期雨水逐渐受到重视和应用。结合武汉某初期雨水调蓄池设计实例,介绍了分流制系统中调蓄池有效容积计算方法、组合式初雨调蓄池布置形式。通过优化冲洗系统、巡视通道及采光井的设计改善了调蓄池后期运维中的节能效果及便捷性,可为分流制排水系统中初雨调蓄池的设计提供参考。     

天津市初期雨水调蓄池排空时间的探讨

随着国家对城市水环境质量提出的高标准、严要求以及天津市中心城区基础设施建设水平的不断提高和水环境质量改善的需要,一批重点区域的初期雨水调蓄池计划或正在建设中。文章针对天津市初期雨水调蓄池运行管理的要求,通过对近30 a降雨时间、降雨量数据的分析,从调蓄池的削污效益和工程造价两方面论证初期雨水调蓄设施的合理排空时间,提出初期雨水调蓄池72h排空的建议,适用于调蓄池的设计和管理运行中。     

初期雨水调蓄池在城市排水系统中的应用

当前,越来越多的城市针对雨水进行净化控制和管理,并且在建立排水系统过程中,加设初期雨水调蓄池设施,尽可能降低雨水对于排水系统的污染。本文首先对初期雨水调蓄池的内部结构与使用价值进行了概述,并以此作为理论基础,结合雨水调蓄池结构应用设计,总结在初期阶段,初期雨水调蓄池在城市排水系统中的重要作用和现实意义。     

合肥市清一冲、清二冲初期雨水径流污染控制方案

合肥市中心城区初期雨水径流污染问题突出,已成为影响地表水环境质量的主要因素之一。在排水系统末端设置调蓄池,可经济有效地控制初期雨水径流污染,降低面源污染对受纳水体水质的影响。以合肥市清一冲、清二冲初期雨水调蓄池设计为例,从设计规模、总体布置形式、进出水设计、冲洗系统设计和除臭设计等5个方面对调蓄池的工艺设计进行阐述,并对调蓄池运行模式和工程设计特点进行分析介绍,旨在为同类初期雨水调蓄池的设计和运行管理提供参考。     

初期雨水调蓄池运行效率的计算机模型评估

利用排水系统水力模型对上海世博园区的规划雨水系统进行了水力模拟,评价了初期雨水调蓄池控制城市面源污染的长期效果.结果表明：按照调蓄容量为30 m3/hm2的设计标准,在上海市平水年降雨条件下,调蓄池每年能够拦蓄约50%的雨水径流量;在分流制雨水系统具有一定初期效应的情况下,上述初期雨水调蓄池污染物的去除率为42.9%～67.4%;对于半分流制系统,在降雨期间允许向污水总管截流初期雨水的条件下,调蓄池具有更高的截流比例.     

海绵城市理念下的初期雨水调蓄处理设施案例

海绵城市建设过程中,初期雨水污染的控制一直是重点问题.初期雨水调蓄池可以控制初期雨水的径流污染,在海绵城市建设中发挥着重要作用.本文结合天津海绵城市建设案例,分析了海绵城市设计过程中雨水调蓄处理设施的建设标准,设计要点,初期雨水的处理流程及污染控制效果,对海绵城市设计建设提供了思路,有很好的工程借鉴意义.     

考虑调蓄池入渗特征的洪峰调节模型及其对海绵城市建设的影响研究

该文建立了考虑调蓄池入渗特征的洪峰调节模型,对调蓄池洪峰流量和时间的影响因素进行研究分析。计算结果表明:考虑雨水入渗的调蓄池比普通调蓄池的性能更优越;土壤导水系数越大,调蓄池延迟洪峰时期的雨水流量和时间越明显;调蓄池排出口高度越高,积水水深越深,入渗雨水流量也越大。该研究对增加雨水资源利用率,减小初期雨水污染,避免城市内涝等方面具有显著参考意义,而且对于海绵城市建设影响的研究具有重要的作用。     

雨水调蓄池原理及工程应用初探

初期雨水对城市河道的污染己成为河道污染治理的一个主要难题。该文介绍了初期雨水调蓄池的原理、设置方式、计算方法和运行谓控方式；介绍了调蓄池在昆明的应用探索。为调蓄池在昆明地区的应用创造了良好的开端。     

上海市成都路雨水调蓄池的设计和运行效能分析

上海市成都路雨水调蓄池的主要作用是截流储存成都路服务区的初期雨水,以减少泵站的雨天排江水量和排江负荷.详细介绍了调蓄池容积的计算方法以及调蓄池池体、池底和进出水系统的设计方法.提出了调蓄池的合理运行模式,对2007年调蓄池汛期运行效能进行了分析,阐述了影响调蓄池效能的关键因素,并就其发挥更大效能提出了合理化建议.     

初期雨水调蓄池的运行问题及解决方案

初期雨水调蓄池通过收集污染物浓度较高的初期雨水,并将其输送到污水处理厂,减少雨水对环境的污染。在实际运行过程中,雨水的收集时间、污染物浓度检测、二次污染的处理、淤泥反冲洗、格栅清渣等方面存在较多问题。通过调研上海地区的初期雨水调蓄池,总结实际运行中进水、监测、自控等五大子系统中存在的主要问题,并提出了相应的改善建议,旨在提高初期雨水收集处理效率。     

Extensive bacterial diversity indicates the potential operation of a dynamic micro-ecology within domestic rainwater storage systems

The concept that domestic rainwater storage tanks may host sustainable microbial ecosystems has not previously been addressed. The bacterial diversity, cultivated from more than 80 samples from 22 tanks at various locations across eastern Australia, is presented here as prima facie evidence for the potential operation of a functional micro-ecology within rainwater storage systems. Cultivated isolates were found to comprise members of four major bacterial divisions; Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes, including more than 200 species from 80 different genera. The pattern of abundance distribution was typical of that observed in most natural communities, comprising a small number of abundant taxa and a multitude of rare taxa, while the specific composition resembled that previously described in a number of natural aquatic systems. Although Proteobacteria from α, β and γ sub-classes were dominant, a set of core taxa comprising representative genera from all four phyla could be identified. Coliform and other species specifically associated with faecal material comprised < 15% of the species identified, and represented < 1.5% of total average abundance. The composition of the cultivated populations and scope of diversity present, suggested that rainwater tanks may support functional ecosystems comprising complex communities of environmental bacteria, which may have beneficial implications for the quality of harvested rainwater.     

巢湖市双桥河流域初期雨水污染控制技术

初期雨水污染是制约水环境质量的关键因素之一。监测数据显示,双桥河流域水环境质量呈现日益恶化的趋势,而初期雨水占污染排放总量的31.3%~50.0%。在对巢湖市双桥河区域排水系统及雨天溢流污染现状调查的基础上,提出了具体的工程方案,即新建调蓄干管和调蓄池。首先从工程建设、运行维护、环境效益和生态景观等多方面对方案进行比选;其次通过计算机模型分析对比多点分散式截流和末端截流2种不同截流方式的初期雨水污染物收集效率。结果显示,利用现状箱涵,新建2根初期雨水调蓄干管,不仅能取得较好的环境、经济和社会效益,而且对于初期雨水的收集效率也很高。     

采用泥水平衡进行大口径顶管施工的沉降控制

上海川沙雨水泵站及配套雨水管线工程在顶管施工中,选择施工条件好、口径大、顶程较短的两段雨水管作为试验段,重点研究了顶管过程中的顶力分析和沉降控制。研究成果可为后续大口径顶管施工提供理论依据。     

Semi-probabilistic design of rainwater tanks: a case study in Northern Italy

The paper proposes a semi-probabilistic approach for the design of rainwater tanks. In particular, the cumulative distribution function of the active storage is derived as a function of rainfall moments. The model is validated through continuous simulation of the hydraulic behaviour of a hypothetical rainwater tank located in Milan (North Italy) using as input a series of rainfall records.     

Rainwater harvesting, quality assessment and utilization in Kefalonia Island, Greece

The quality of harvested rainwater which is used for domestic and drinking purposes in the northern area of Kefalonia Island in SW Greece and the factors affecting it were assessed through 3-year surveillance. In 12 seasonal samplings, 156 rainwater and 144 ground- or mixed water samples were collected from ferroconcrete storage tanks (300-1000 m3 capacity), which are adjacent to cement-paved catchment areas (600-3000 m2). Common anions and major cations as well as the metals Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni and Zn were tested. The presence of three major groups of organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochloride pesticides (OCPs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), was screened by common analytical techniques. All of the rainwater samples were within the guidelines for chemical parameters established by the 98/93/EU directive. As far as microbiological quality is concerned, total coliforms, Escherichia coli and enterococci were detected in 80.3%, 40.9% and 28.8% of the rainwater samples, respectively, although they were found in low concentrations. Chemical and microbiological parameters showed seasonal fluctuations. Principal component analysis revealed that microbiological parameters were affected mainly by the cleanness level of catchment areas, while chemical parameters were influenced by the sea proximity and human activities. Disinfection should be applied into the tanker trucks which distribute the water to the consumers and not into the big storage tanks in order to avoid by-products formation. Due to the lack of fluoride in rainwater samples, the consumers must become aware of the fact that the supplementation of this element is needed.     

预应力复合搅拌桩墙在基坑围护工程中的应用

在浦东陆家嘴地区某超高层住宅基坑围护施工中,需确保基坑西侧约13m的市政重点雨水泵站正常运行。该雨水泵站主要服务于陆家嘴地区的雨水排放,泵房主机深度达14m。普通围护形式造价高昂,施工难度大。文章比较了三种常用施工工艺的优缺点,介绍采用新颖复合搅拌桩墙内插预应力钢筋的施工方法,成功满足了苛刻位移及沉降的要求。     

北京某区域低影响开发措施实施效果分析

以北京市某新建区域的雨水系统为例,利用InfoWorks ICM水力评估软件建立区域地块及周边市政设施的一维雨水系统模型,对区域开发前后的雨水外排量及其排入的市政管线运行情况进行模拟分析。为使地块开发后外排雨水量满足建设区外排水量的要求,以及不对其排入的市政管网运行造成影响,借鉴海绵城市建设理念,提出了几种雨水排除及调蓄的低影响开发方案,并进行综合分析比较,得出可行的区域建设方案。结果表明,下凹式绿地、透水路面等"绿色"低影响开发措施可削峰,"灰色"调蓄池既可削峰又可错峰,且相同容积下离线调蓄池的运行效果较在线调蓄池更优,结合项目实际情况进行"灰""绿"结合更有利于控制雨水外排。该研究提供了一种区域雨水外排评估方法及低影响开发措施在区域中实施的思路。     

低洼住宅小区排水系统的改造设计

在某沿海城市低洼住宅小区的改造设计中,对其雨水、污水排水系统进行了综合改造.设计中以"挡水为主、排水为辅,自排为主、强排为辅"为原则,将自流排水与强制排水相结合.保证了排水的安全性与经济性,并优化了水泵启动方式及泵站施工工艺.