两相厌氧工艺处理高盐纤维素醚废水的研究

采用接种特定污泥的两相厌氧反应器处理高盐纤维素醚废水,重点考察了启动过程及其处理效果。试验结果表明,当产酸相的HRT为18 h时,其所能承受的最大容积负荷为8.18kg/(m3.d),此时其对COD的去除率为20%左右;当产甲烷相的HRT为24 h时,其所能承受的最大容积负荷为5.5 kg/(m3.d),此时其对COD的去除率为35%左右;产甲烷相对COD的去除率与产酸相出水的酸化度呈显著正相关。在产酸相进水COD为6 000 mg/L、产甲烷相进水pH值为7的条件下,当产酸相进水pH值为6、HRT为18 h及产甲烷相的HRT为48 h时,系统的处理效果较佳,出水COD为1 800 mg/L,对COD的总去除率可达70%左右。     

中温UASB反应器处理餐厨垃圾废水中试研究

利用一个有效容积为28 m~3的UASB反应器在(35±2)℃条件下进行了餐厨垃圾废水半连续式中温厌氧消化试验。通过增加进料量提高进水容积负荷,使水力停留时间(HRT)由50 d逐步降低至10 d,研究了HRT和进水容积负荷对处理效果的影响。结果表明,在HRT=14 d、进水容积负荷为4.96 kg COD/(m~3·d)时达到最佳运行工况,其容积产气量稳定在2.68 m~3/(m~3·d)左右,产气率达0.66 m~3/kg COD,COD容积去除负荷为4.21 kg COD/(m~3·d)。当HRT为12~35 d时,对COD的去除率稳定在82.59%~87.78%之间,出水VFA/碱度值维持在0.1~0.38之间,表明反应器具有足够的抗酸化缓冲能力,在该HRT范围内均可稳定运行。     

间歇膨胀复合厌氧工艺用于处理抗生素废水

采用间歇膨胀复合厌氧/A-O-SBR工艺处理高浓度制药废水,在进水有机负荷为2.134～11.488 kgCOD/(m3.d)、pH值为4.5～6的常温条件下,厌氧反应器COD去除率>70%,容积负荷可达到9.075 kgCOD/(m3.d)。厌氧出水经A-O-SBR及混凝气浮处理后,出水COD、氨氮、总磷、pH值分别为130 mg/L、4.4 mg/L、2.39 mg/L、7.8,完全满足企业所在地的纳管排放要求。     

升流式厌氧污泥床处理豆制品废水

本文报道采用升流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB),处理豆制品废水的试验结果。研究表明,UASB反应器具有较高处理豆制品废水的效能,在容积负荷为11.3～12.2kgCOD/m~3·d时,反应器对废水浓度和水力滞留时间(HRT)的变化,具有较强的适应能力。进水COD浓度4230～8450mg/L、HRT在8～16h范围变化时,反应器COD去除率维持在76～81％的水平。容积负荷变化对反应器运行有所影响,负荷从11.4提高到17.1kgCOD/m~3·d时,COD去除率从81％下降到71％。     

厌氧流化床(AFB)常温处理城市污水的试验研究

本文研究了厌氧流化床(AFB)常温处理城市污水的工况,并对反应器运行性能的影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:在环境温度20～30℃条件下,当进水COD浓度平均为400mg/l,HRT6h,容积负荷1.9 kgCOD/m~3·d时,去除率可保持在80％左右。     

两相厌氧系统处理抗生素生产废水

采用两相厌氧系统处理抗生素生产废水的实践表明：当系统进水pH值为5．46，VFA、COD、BOD5值分别为1376、8597、4126mg／L时，若产酸器(厌氧折流板反应器，ABR)的停留时间为12h则ABR出水pH值升高至6．18，VFA浓度升高至3281mg／L，BOD5／COD由0．48升高至0．52；当产甲烷器(厌氧复合床反应器，UBF)的停留时间为39h时，UBF对COD和BOD5的去除率分别为90．4％和94．5％。     

铁屑过滤/生化法处理糠醛废水

由于糠醛废水酸性较强(pH值为2～3),因此很难通过传统的酸碱中和来调整pH值,从而影响生物处理效果.而采用铁屑过滤池处理时,利用铁和氢离子的氧化还原反应调节废水的pH值,并结合厌氧/好氧生化法去除COD、BOD5,可使出水达到<污水综合排放标准>(GB8978-1996)的一级标准.     

二级串联UASB反应器处理餐厨垃圾废水研究

利用两个容积为200 L的反应器进行了餐厨垃圾废水半连续式二级串联中温[(35±2)℃]UASB厌氧处理试验,研究了第二级反应器的HRT对处理效果的影响。结果表明,在第一级UASB反应器对COD的去除率为85%、产气量为281.5~330.0 L/d的基础上,第二级UASB反应器对COD的去除率仍可达15.5%~65%,产气量为35.8~102.7 L/d,使得对COD的总去除率达到96%;第二级反应器的HRT=20 d时,去除效果最稳定,而当HRT=15 d时日产气量最高;第一级UASB出水VFA/碱度值保持在0.29左右,第二级UASB出水VFA/碱度值在0.33~0.45之间,说明反应器具有较强的抗酸化缓冲能力。     

厌氧复合床/生物铁法处理维生素B_1生产废水

采用厌氧复合床/生物铁法串联工艺处理维生素B1生产废水,考察了水力停留时间(HRT)、反应温度、pH、溶解氧(DO)浓度等因素对处理效果的影响,确定了系统的最佳运行参数.结果表明,系统的最佳运行参数:厌氧复合床的HRT为12 h、反应温度为35 ℃、pH值为7.5,生物铁反应器中污泥含铁率为6%、HRT为12 h、DO浓度为3 mg/L;在最佳运行条件下,当进水COD和SO2-4浓度分别为2 836、1 250 mg/L时,系统出水COD和SO2-4浓度分别可降至171、137 mg/L,满足<污水排入城市下水道水质标准>(CJ 3082-1999)的要求.     

短程硝化/厌氧氨氧化/全程硝化工艺处理焦化废水

通过对短程硝化和厌氧氨氧化工艺的研究,开发了短程硝化/厌氧氨氧化/全程硝化(O1/A/O2)生物脱氮新工艺并用于焦化废水的处理.控制温度为(35±1)℃、DO为2.0～3.0mg/L,第一级好氧连续流生物膜反应器在去除大部分有机污染物的同时还实现了短程硝化.考察了HRT、DO和容积负荷对反应器运行效果的影响.结果表明,当氨氮容积负荷为0.13～0.22gNH4+-N/(L·d)时,连续流反应器能实现短程硝化并有效去除氨氮.通过控制一级好氧反应器的工艺参数,为厌氧反应器实现厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)创造条件.结果表明,在温度为34℃、pH值为7.5～8.5、HRT为33 h的条件下,经过115 d成功启动了厌氧氨氧化反应器.在进水氨氮、亚硝态氮浓度分别为80和90 mg/L左右、总氮负荷为160 mg/(L·d)时,对氨氮和亚硝态氮的去除率最高分别达86%和98%,对总氮的去除率为75%.最后在二级好氧反应器实现氨氮的全程硝化,进一步去除焦化废水中残留的氨氯、亚硝态氮和有机物.O1/A/O2工艺能有效去除焦化废水中的氨氮和有机物等污染物,正常运行条件下的出水氨氮＜15 mg/L、亚硝态氮＜1.0 mg/L,COD降至124～186 mg/L,出水水质优于A/O生物脱氮工艺的出水水质.     

预处理/厌氧生物处理敌百虫生产废水的研究

对敌百虫生产废水的处理工艺进行了研究,先采用破乳法和电解法进行预处理,然后再采用升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)工艺进行厌氧处理,试验历时90 d,考察了系统的稳定性及pH值、温度和水力停留时间(HRT)等对反应器的影响。结果表明,当温度控制在30～35℃、pH值为6.8～7.5、进水COD为12 000 mg/L、HRT为72 h时,对COD的去除率可达到73%以上;厌氧处理后采用除磷药剂进行混凝沉淀,出水总磷浓度降为618 mg/L,对总磷的去除率为75.36%。     

UASB处理低浓度城市污水的生产性研究

广东某城市污水处理厂采用UASB-好氧工艺处理低浓度城市污水，对UASB的实际处理效能进行了考察。结果表明，在试验的进水水质条件下，当UASB的水力停留时间为6h时，系统对COD和BOD5的平均去除率分别为50％和60％，对TP的去除率为15％～38％。当HRT由5．67h延长至10h时，出水VFA浓度会随之降低，而pH值则始终稳定在6．5～7．5，系统对COD和BOD5的去除率分别增加9％和19％，对溶解性COD和BOD5的去除率分别增加25％和24％。     

Anaerobic treatment of real textile wastewater with a fluidized bed reactor

Anaerobic treatability of a real cotton textile wastewater was investigated in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) with pumice as the support material. The immobilized biomass or attached volatile solids level on the support material was 0.073 g VSS/g support material at the end of the 128-d start-up period. During the operation period, real cotton textile wastewater was fed to the anaerobic FBR both unsupplemented (in Stages 1 and 2) and supplemented (with synthetic municipal wastewater in Stage 3 and glucose in Stages 4-6). The effect of operational conditions such as organic loading rate (OLR), hydraulic retention time (HRT), influent glucose concentration as the co-substrate, etc. was investigated to achieve the maximum color removal efficiency in the reactor. Results indicated that anaerobic treatment of textile wastewater studied was possible with the supplementation of an external carbon source in the form of glucose (about 2g/l). The corresponding maximum COD, BOD(5) and color removals were found to be around 82%, 94% and 59%, respectively, for HRT of around 24h and OLR of 3 kg COD/m(3)/d. Further increase in external carbon source added to real textile wastewater did not improve the color removal efficiency of the anaerobic FBR reactor.     

Performance of an up-flow anaerobic stage reactor (UASR) in the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater containing macrolide antibiotics

The performance of an up-flow anaerobic stage reactor (UASR) treating pharmaceutical wastewater containing macrolide antibiotics was investigated. Specifically, it was determined whether a UASR could be used as pre-treatment system at an existing pharmaceutical production plant to reduce the antibiotics in the trade effluent. Accordingly, a UASR was developed with an active reactor volume of 11 L being divided into four 2.75 L stages. Each stage of the reactor was an up-flow sludge blanket reactor and had a 3-phase separator baffle to retain biomass. The reactor was fed with real pharmaceutical wastewater containing Tylosin and Avilamycin antibiotics and operated with step-wise increases in the reactor organic loading rate (OLR) from 0.43 to 3.73 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD) m(-3)d(-1), and then reduced to 1.86, over 279 days. The process performance of the reactor was characterised in terms of its COD removal, Tylosin reduction, pH, VFA production, methane yield and sludge washout. At a total hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 d and OLR of 1.86 kg COD m(-3)d(-1), COD reduction was 70-75%, suggesting the biomass had acclimated to the antibiotics. Furthermore, an average of 95% Tylosin reduction was achieved in the UASR, indicating that this antibiotic could be degraded efficiently in the anaerobic reactor system. In addition, the influence of elevated Tylosin concentrations on the UASR process performance was studied using additions of Tylosin phosphate concentrate. Results showed similar efficiency for COD removal when Tylosin was present at concentrations ranging from 0 to 400 mgL(-1) (mean removal over this range was 93%), however, at Tylosin concentrations of 600 and 800 mgL(-1) there was a slight decline in treatment efficiency at 85% and 75% removal, respectively.     

Removal of carbon and nutrients from domestic wastewater using a low investment, integrated treatment concept

An integrated chemical-physical-biological treatment concept for the low-cost treatment of domestic wastewater is proposed. Domestic wastewater was subjected to a chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT), followed by treatment in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. In addition, a regenerable zeolite was used to remove NH4+, either after CEPT pretreatment or after biological treatment in the UASB reactor. The CEPT pretreatment consisted of the addition of a coagulant (FeCl3) and an anionic organic flocculant and removed on average 73% of the total chemical oxygen demand (COD(t)), 85% of the total suspended solids, and 80% of PO4(3-) present in the wastewater. The UASB system, which consequently received a low COD(t) input of approximately 140 mg/L, was operated using a volumetric loading rate of 0.4 g COD(t)/L. d (hydraulic retention time [HRT]=10 h) and 0.7 g COD(t)/L. d (HRT=5 h). For these conditions, the system removed about 55% of the COD(t) in its influent, thus producing an effluent with a low COD(t) of approximately 50 mg/L. The zeolite, when applied in batch mode before the UASB reactor, removed approximately 45% of the NH4+, whereas its application as a post-treatment cartridge resulted in almost 100% NH4+ removal. The simple design and relatively low operating costs, due to low costs of added chemicals and low energy input (estimated at Euro 0.07-0.1 per m3 wastewater treated), combined with excellent treatment performance, means that this system can be used as a novel domestic wastewater treatment system for developing countries. Therefore, the system is called a Low Investment Sewage Treatment (LIST) system.     

污泥调理废水的特性及其处理工艺

采用离子色谱法及化学分析法分析了污泥调理废水的水质特性,在氨吹脱及混凝试验的基础上开展了氨吹脱—厌氧—SBR工艺处理该废水的研究。结果表明,污泥调理废水是一种高浓度含氮有机废水,其中有机污染物主要以溶解态存在,不宜采用混凝处理。该废水具有较好的生物可降解性能,当HRT为24h、进水COD为8658.7~9650.3mg/L时,厌氧对COD的去除率可达62.1%,厌氧/好氧交替运行的SBR对COD、氨氮的去除率分别为92.1%、88.4%。动态运行结果显示,氨吹脱—厌氧—SBR工艺对该废水水质具有良好的适应性,处理出水水质能稳定地达到GB8978—1996的二级标准。     

MIC反应器处理抗生素发酵废液的研究

采用逐步提高抗生素浓度和有机负荷(OLR)的方法,考察改进型内循环厌氧反应器(MIC反应器)对含万古霉素(VA)发酵废液的处理效果,并对微生物群落进行分析。结果表明,污泥经过驯化后,MIC反应器对VA发酵废液有较好的处理能力,当进水VA浓度为70 mg/L左右、水力停留时间(HRT)为4 d时,对MIC反应器运行没有抑制效应,此时COD去除率约为90%,VA去除率达到90%以上;当HRT为2 d、进水OLR为25 kgCOD/(m³·d)时,MIC反应器对VA发酵废液的COD去除负荷最大,为19. 5 kg/(m³·d)。通过微生物多样性检测结果发现,细菌群落在门水平上的优势菌为Bacteroidetes和Firmicutes。     

缺氧─好氧工艺处理印染废水的试验研究

对缺氧─好氧工艺处理印染废水可行性进行了试验研究，取得了工程设计所需的试验数据．研究表明：当进水ＣＯＤ＝１８００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ｐＨ＝１０．０～１０．８，水力停留时间ＨＲＴ＝１３ｈ，则系统出水ＣＯＤ＝２７０ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＣＯＤ平均去除率为８５％．其中二级缺氧段在水力停留时间仅为３．８５ｈ的情况下，使废水ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤ由进水０．２左右提高到０．４６～０．４８，ｐＨ值由１０．０～１０．８下降至７．６～８．３，为后续好氧处理创造了有利条件，这是本试验流程能够有效地处理该印染废水的关键．