A Transient Pseudo-Capacitor Using a Bioderived Ionic Liquid with Na Ions

A pseudo-capacitor with transient behavior is applied in implantable, disposable, and bioresorbable devices, incorporating an Na ion-doped bioderived ionic liquid, molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃)-covered molybdenum foil, and silk sheet as the electrolyte, electrode, and separator, respectively. Sodium lactate is dissolved in choline lactate as a source of Na ions. The Experimental results reveal that the Na ions are intercalated into the van der Waals gaps in MoO₃, and the pseudo-capacitor shows an areal capacitance (1.5 mF cm⁻²) that is three times larger than that without the Na ion. The fast ion diffusion of the electrolyte and the low resistance of the MoO₃ and Mo interface result in an equivalent series resistance of 96 Ω. A cycle test indicates that the pseudo-capacitor exhibited a high capacitance retention of 82.8% after 10 000 cycles. The transient behavior is confirmed by the dissolution of the pseudo-capacitor into phosphate-buffered saline solution after 101 days. Potential applications of transient pseudo-capacitors include electronics without the need for device retrieval after use, including smart agriculture, implantable, and wearable devices.     

基于离子液体的聚合物材料化学解聚研究进展

综述了近年来离子液体环境下高聚物材料化学降解回收相应产品的研究现状,重点介绍了聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚β-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)、聚乳酸(PLA)、尼龙6(PA6)及聚乙烯(PE)等材料在离子液体环境下的化学降解方法,同时分析了各种方法的优缺点。最后对离子液体用于聚合物化学降解行为的发展前景进行了展望。     

Soft Elastomers with Ionic Liquid‐Filled Cavities as Strain Isolating Substrates for Wearable Electronics

Managing the mechanical mismatch between hard semiconductor components and soft biological tissues represents a key challenge in the development of advanced forms of wearable electronic devices. An ultralow modulus material or a liquid that surrounds the electronics and resides in a thin elastomeric shell provides a strain‐isolation effect that enhances not only the wearability but also the range of stretchability in suitably designed devices. The results presented here build on these concepts by (1) replacing traditional liquids explored in the past, which have some nonnegligible vapor pressure and finite permeability through the encapsulating elastomers, with ionic liquids to eliminate any possibility for leakage or evaporation, and (2) positioning the liquid between the electronics and the skin, within an enclosed, elastomeric microfluidic space, but not in direct contact with the active elements of the system, to avoid any negative consequences on electronic performance. Combined experimental and theoretical results establish the strain‐isolating effects of this system, and the considerations that dictate mechanical collapse of the fluid‐filled cavity. Examples in skin‐mounted wearable include wireless sensors for measuring temperature and wired systems for recording mechano‐acoustic responses.     

离子液体及其研究进展

离子液体是在室温下为液体、具有离子特性的新型溶剂,具有超低蒸气压,也称为绿色溶剂.通过选择合适的阳离子、阴离子和配体,可以调变离子液体的化学、物理性能.作为一种环境友好的反应介质,离子液体在纳米材料合成中的应用具有诱人前景.     

聚离子液体作为吸附材料的研究进展

聚离子液体(Polymeric ionic liquid,PIL)兼具离子液体和聚合物的双重优点,克服了离子液体在吸附过程中无形貌、高粘度、难回收及其使用中易流失等问题。通过聚合物设计和制备,不仅可以得到各种结构、尺寸和形貌的PIL材料,还可以提高PIL中离子液体功能基团的利用率。因此,PIL作为一类新型的高分子吸附材料迅速成为分离领域的热点。在介绍PIL的性质、分类和主要合成途径的基础上,总结了国内外近年来PIL在水相吸附中的研究进展。主要讨论了不同聚合物结构,如线性、超支化、交联结构等,对PIL吸附有机吸附质的影响,并分析了PIL功能基团与不同吸附质之间的相互作用机制,如离子交换、静电作用、氢键以及π-π堆叠等。最后,总结了离子液体功能基团和吸附剂结构与PIL吸附效果之间的关系,并对PIL吸附材料的发展进行了展望。     

Design Principles of Ionic Liquids for Transdermal Drug Delivery

Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents have shown great promise in drug delivery applications. Choline‐based ILs, in particular choline and geranic acid (CAGE), have been used to enhance the transdermal delivery of several small and large molecules. However, detailed studies outlining the design principles of ILs for transdermal drug delivery are still lacking. Using two model drugs of differing hydrophilicities, acarbose and ruxolitinib and 16 ILs, the dependence of skin penetration on the chemical properties of ILs is examined. First, the impact of ion stoichiometry on skin penetration of drugs is assessed using CAGE, which evidences that a molar ratio of 1:2 of choline to geranic acid yields the highest delivery. Subsequently, variants of CAGE are prepared using anions with structural similarity to geranic acid and cations with structural similarity to choline at a ratio of 1:2. Mechanistic studies reveal that the potency of ILs in enhancing transdermal drug delivery correlates inversely with the inter‐ionic interactions as determined by 2D NMR spectroscopy. Using this understanding, a new IL is designed, and it provides the highest delivery of ruxolitinib of all ILs tested here. Overall, these studies provide a generalized framework for optimizing ILs for enhancing skin permeability.     

离子液体在催化中的应用研究进展

近年来,离子液体以其独特的优势成为催化体系研究的热点。离子液体具有良好的溶解性、较低的挥发性、可设计性和可重复使用性等特点,作为反应催化剂和溶剂,其相比于传统溶剂展现出更好的选择性和反应速率。综述了离子液体作为反应催化剂、反应溶剂、共催化剂或活性催化剂、负载型离子液体等在催化体系中的应用研究进展,并展望了离子液体在催化中的发展前景。     

手性离子液体应用的研究进展

手性离子液体作为一种新型的功能材料,近年来逐渐成为研究的热点。重点综述了其在Michael加成、Diels-Alder反应、羟醛缩合反应、Baylis-Hillman加成等不对称合成反应及光谱识别、色谱分离、材料合成等领域的最新应用发展,并指出了限制手性离子液体应用的主要困难和问题,展望了今后的发展方向。     

聚酰亚胺在离子液体中的合成与表征

离子液体由于其溶解能力强、不挥发等特点,使其成为良好的绿色溶剂,由于良好的高温稳定性,适用于缩聚反应体系。以常规的芳香族二酐和芳香族二胺为单体,并分别使用不同结构的离子液体为溶剂,进行缩聚反应得到聚酰亚胺。用红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振(13C-NMR)方法证实了在离子液体中所合成的聚酰亚胺与传统合成路线合成的具有相似的化学结构;采用X射线衍射(WAXD)分析了聚合物的聚集态结构,并探讨了不同的离子液体对聚酰亚胺聚集态结构的影响;经热重法(TGA)测试分析,在以离子液体[BMIM]BF4为反应溶剂时,所得聚酰亚胺具有较好的热稳定性能。     

磷酸酯类离子液体对纤维素溶解性能的研究

采用一步法合成了两种磷酸酯类离子液体:1,3-二甲基咪唑磷酸二甲酯盐([MMIM]DMP)和1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二乙酯盐([EMIM]DEP),并比较了它们对纤维素的溶解性能。结果表明,两种离子液体均能在一定条件下溶解纤维素,而[EMIM]DEP表现出较优的溶解能力,再生得到纤维素膜;随着溶解温度的升高,溶解时间缩短。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重失重(TGA)分析、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等对再生前后的纤维素进行了表征。结果表明,未经活化的纤维素可直接溶于离子液体中而不发生其它衍生化反应;溶解再生后的纤维素晶型发生变化;经[EMIM]DEP溶解再生后纤维素热稳定性和聚合度下降较小,再生纤维素膜结构致密均一。     

Advanced Materials and Systems for Biodegradable,Transient Electronics

Transient electronics refers to an emerging class of advanced technology, defined by an ability to chemically or physically dissolve, disintegrate, and degrade in actively or passively controlled fashions to leave environmentally and physiologically harmless by-products in environments, particularly in bio-fluids or aqueous solutions. The unusual properties that are opposite to operational modes in conventional electronics for a nearly infinite time frame offer unprecedented opportunities in research areas of eco-friendly electronics, temporary biomedical implants, data-secure hardware systems, and others. This review highlights the developments of transient electronics, including materials, manufacturing strategies, electronic components, and transient kinetics, along with various potential applications.     

新型离子液体-CO_2吸收制冷工质对选择及吸收特性

离子液体(ILs)-CO_2作为一种新型吸收制冷工质对,ILs种类的选择对其工质对性能及吸收式制冷循环特性至关重要。ILs对CO_2的吸收性能与ILs种类、阳离子结构、体系温度及CO_2分压有直接关系。本文建立了一套ILs吸收CO_2的实验台,并以低粘度、较优吸收性能为原则初选了4种咪唑双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐ILs([emim][Tf_2N]、[bmim][Tf_2N]、[hmim][Tf_2N]和[omim][Tf_2N])为研究对象。在温度298.15 K、313.15 K及328.00 K,压力2.0~5.0 MPa条件下,分别测定了CO_2在以上4种ILs中的溶解特性。结果表明:咪唑双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐ILs对CO_2有较好的吸收性能;CO_2在同族ILs中的溶解度随阳离子烷基链长度的增加而增大,其在4种ILs中的溶解度顺序为:[emim][Tf_2N][bmim][Tf_2N][hmim][Tf_2N][omim][Tf_2N];随着温度和压力的逐渐升高,CO_2溶解度的变化幅度逐渐减小。本文还给出了3种温度下CO_2在[omim][Tf_2N]中的溶解度与压力的关联式。     

离子液体在有机光电转换器件中的应用研究进展

近年来,离子液体因具有不易挥发、性质稳定、透光性好、导电率高、可设计性,以及易于在界面处形成双电层等物理化学性质,而展现出广阔的应用潜力和前景,逐渐成为国际科学研究的前沿和热点之一。其中,将离子液体应用于染料敏化太阳能电池(Dye-sensitized solar cells,DSSCs)、钙钛矿太阳能电池和有机光电探测器等有机光电转换器件的研究备受关注。 在有机光电转换器件中,离子液体在染料敏化太阳能电池方面的应用最为广泛且完善。高效DSSCs主要是基于有机溶剂的液态电解质结,但有机溶剂在带来较高光电转换效率的同时,其本身存在的易挥发汽化、光热稳定性差等缺点,导致DSSCs的器件寿命与长期稳定性受到影响,离子液体的引入能有效解决以上问题。此外,离子液体还以电子传输层以及界面修饰层的形式引入,具有高电荷迁移率、低功函数以及高稳定性等优点,能在一定程度上改善器件的短路电流、填充因子和光电转换效率等。因此,离子液体成为在DSSCs的实际应用中兼具性价比高、封装难度低、性能好、稳定性高四大优点的辅助材料。在钙钛矿太阳能电池方面,离子液体的低功函数和高电子迁移率以及一些特殊性质如钝化反应、黏度效应等,都能够实现对电子萃取率、电荷转移电阻、钙钛矿结晶情况等方面的控制以满足实际设计要求,进而有助于钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电转换效率、填充因子等性能指标不同程度的提升。在有机光电探测器方面,引入的离子液体能促使在与之接触的界面处形成双电层,双电层的形成及离子液体的高导电率使得入射光不必照射有机光电探测器上下电极的重叠区域仍旧可以产生较大的光电流输出,从而可以有效摆脱有机光电探测器对电极材料透光性要求的局限性。同时双电层的形成还将促进有机光电探测器工作层中的电荷分离,进一步提高有机光电探测器的响应率。 本文主要从染料敏化太阳能电池、钙钛矿太阳能电池、有机光电探测器三个方面,综述了离子液体在有机光电转换器件中的国内外应用研究进展,就离子液体对提升有机光电转换效率及其实现器件新功能的工作机理进行了详细分析,并对其未来的应用研究方向进行了展望,为今后进一步设计出更适合有机光电转换领域应用的离子液体提供参考。