无氟板坯连铸结晶器保护渣的研究

针对无氟保护渣开发的关键问题一一如何有效地控制结晶器传热,发现了一种代替保护渣中枪晶石的析晶物。当析晶替代物加人量大于4％时,随着加人量的增加,熔渣析晶温度和析晶率明显增大,结晶器进出水温差减小。同时,在0～8％的析晶替代物加入量范围内,无氟渣的熔点和粘度变化均满足连铸工艺要求。在重钢2号板坯铸机上浇铸中碳包晶钢结果表明,所开发的无氟保护渣使用效果优于有氟渣。     

Properties of High Basicity Mold Fluxes for Peritectic Steel Slab Casting

 In high speed continuous casting of peritectic steel slabs, mold fluxes with high basicity are required for less surface defect product. However, the basicity of remaining liquid slag film tends to decrease in casting process because of the crystallization of 3CaO·2SiO2·CaF2. Thus, a way is put forward to improve mold fluxes′ properties by raising the original basicity. In order to confirm the possibility of this method, the effect of rising original basicity on the properties of mold fluxes is discussed. Properties of high fluorine based mold fluxes with different basicities and contents of CaF2, Na2O, and MgO were measured, respectively. Then, properties of higher basicity mold fluxes were discussed and compared with traditional ones. The results show that increasing the basicity index can improve the melting and flow property of mold fluxes. With the increasing basicity, crystallization rate of mold fluxes increases obviously and crystallization temperature tends to decrease when the basicity exceeds 1.35. The method presented before is proved as a potential way to resolve the contradiction between horizontal heat transfer controlling and solidified shell lubricating for peritectic steel slab casting. But further study on improving the flow property of liquid slag is needed. This work can be used to guide mold fluxes design for high speed continuous casting of peritectic steel slabs.     

基于热丝法的连铸保护渣的结晶过程

连铸过程中,保护渣的结晶过程十分重要.笔者以保护渣结晶温度为出发点,提出了一种将双铂铑热电偶丝既作为加热元件,又作测温元件的热丝法技术.并结合计算机控制、视频显示和图像识别等技术,能在线观察、离线分析工业结晶器保护渣和实验自制渣的结晶过程,为连铸生产保护渣的选取和研究提供了更加可靠的依据.     

连铸结晶器保护渣结晶温度

实验采用WCT-2型微机差热天平,用来研究了保护渣的化学组成和冷却速率对其结晶温度的影响.结果表明:(1)在实验条件下,碱度升高,保护渣的结晶温度先升高后降低;(2)F-含量增加,保护渣的结晶温度提高;(3)随着Na₂O,Al₂O₃,MgO含量的增加,保护渣的结晶温度下降;(4)保护渣的结晶温度随冷却速率的增加略有下降.     

连续铸钢过程中结晶器的传热研究

 为了研究结晶器内壁温度的分布,设计了模拟结晶器工作过程的实验装置,并进行了实验。实验结果表明,结晶器内壁温度趋近于冷却水温度。基于实验,推导了结晶器边界等效导热系数。该系数用于解决金属和冷却水之间的传热,即反映结晶器的传热能力。用等效导热系数处理结晶器的边界传热,对包括结晶器在内的连铸凝固进程温度场进行数值模拟既简单又方便,并且计算结果与实验结果符合。还讨论了拉坯速度和冷却水流量对结晶器温度场的影响。     

中碳钢板坯连铸保护渣的结晶性能

为了解结晶器与坯壳间渣膜的结晶状态，用热丝法熔化性能测定仪对保护渣结晶性能进行研究。结果表明：连续冷却过程中，结晶是在一定温度范围内进行的；冷却速率越大，结晶温度越低；冷却速率超过一定值时，保护渣不结晶。不同温度下的等温实验结果表明：在一定过冷度范围内，保护渣开始结晶；过冷度的大小与结晶开始和结束时间有关；水蒸气可促进保护渣结晶，在不同温度等温时，保护渣结晶开始温度提高，结晶开始时间缩短。     

中薄板坯连铸包晶钢结晶器液面波动原因分析

针对采用中薄板坯连铸机生产包晶钢时出现的结晶器液面波动大、铸坯废品率高等问题,分析认为,结晶器液面控制系统精度不高、包晶钢反应、夹杂物种类控制不当是主要影响因素。通过全面维护结晶器液面控制系统、优化脱氧合金制度,控制转炉终点氧化性等相应措施,结晶器液面波动由8～10mm降至3mm,改善了连铸坯的质量。     

低碳包晶钢连铸工艺设计及纵裂纹控制

重点论述了低碳包晶钢连铸时的特殊性引发的连铸坯裂纹问题,分析了此类纵裂纹缺陷的特点及产生原因,根据武钢三炼钢厂在低碳包晶钢纵裂控制方面的生产实践,提出了浇铸低碳包晶铸钢时的连铸工艺控制技术,取得了显著成效。     

软接触结晶器电磁连铸技术研究现状

 从磁场分布和结晶器设计、磁场对铸坯表面质量改善的机理、电磁场作用下结晶器内弯月面的行为、磁场施加方式的演变等几个方面,综合论述了软接触结晶器电磁连铸技术的发展现状,并指出了该技术未来发展过程中值得注意的几个方面。     

稀土氧化物对连铸保护渣结晶温度的影响

为了解决稀土钢浇注时因稀土氧化物进入保护渣导致保护渣性能改变的问题,用热重一差热分析仪系统地观测了稀土氧化物对不同碱度及BaO、B2O3和Li2O含量的保护渣结晶温度的影响。结果表明,稀土氧化物对保护渣结晶温度影响显著,特别是稀土氧化物从零增至5％时最为明显。随着稀土氧化物含量的继续增加,保护渣结晶温度缓慢升高。低碱度可以抑制保护渣中稀土矿物初生晶核的析出;BaO有利于稀土氧化物在保护渣中的溶解和扩散;B2O3基本上可消除稀土氧化物引起的保护渣结晶温度升高的不良影响;Li2O可阻止高熔点结晶相的析出,降低含稀土氧化物保护渣的结晶温度。     

薄板坯连铸无取向电工钢用保护渣的研究

针对薄板坯连铸无取向电工钢钢种及相应的结晶器保护渣特点,分析了保护渣理化性能与无取向电工钢增碳及浇注过程中结晶器热流的关系.研究发现,通过降低渣中配碳量(w(C)＜2%),并控制液渣层厚度保持在5～10 mm等方法,可有效防止保护渣引起的增碳;通过调整保护渣理化性能即降低保护渣的碱度和熔化温度的方法,可以提高无取向电工钢浇注过程中的结晶器热流,获得能够实现浇注过程中热流稳定、不引起增碳、板卷质量良好的无取向电工钢结晶器保护渣理化性能指标.     

Effects of Rare Earth Oxide on Viscosity of Mold Fluxes for Continuous Casting

The effects of RE (rare earth) oxide on viscosity of mold fluxes were investigated with a rotary viscometer. The results show that : (1) The viscositv of mold fluxes is remarkably inereased by RE oxide addition, especially when the mass fraction of RE oxide is more than 10%. (2) By addition of RE oxide, precipitation of the insohlble particles with high melting point from the molten slag with the decreasing of the temperature leads to the inerease of viscosity. Viscosity curve shows that RE oxide is soluble in some extent in mold fluxes. When RE oxide is in a state of supersaturation, the existence of insoluble particles also makes the viscosity of mold fluxes increase. (3) Not only the viscositv of nlold fluxes can be reduced, but also the capacity to dissolve and absorb RE oxide can be increased by Li2O, B2O3 and BaO. However, the contents of Li2O, B2O3, and BaO should be controlled to suitable levels. (4) The solidification temperature of mold fluxes can be increased by the addition of RE oxide, which is unfavorable to heat transfer and luhrication of mold fluxes between steel shell and mold.     

连铸保护渣开发状况分析

对连铸保护渣的发展历程进行了详细介绍,对保护渣的渣层结构控制、绝热保温、防止氧化、润滑、改善传热和吸收夹杂物等冶金功能进行了论述,并按生产方式的不同对几种保护渣的加工方式及优缺点进行了分析,对无氟保护渣、超低碳保护渣、彩色保护渣及高铝钢保护渣的研究现状进行了简要介绍。     

包晶钢结晶器液面周期性波动原因及控制

针对鞍钢股份有限公司鲅鱼圈钢铁分公司板坯连铸在生产包晶系列钢种时．连铸结晶器钢液面周期性剧烈波动的原因进行了分析。包晶钢液在凝固过程的包晶相变造成初生坯壳的不均匀生长是导致结晶器出现液面周期性剧烈波动的主要原因。通过调整结晶器冷却水强度和控制保护渣传热性能,有效地控制了结晶器液面周期性波动,提高了铸坯质量。     

高拉速连铸结晶器非正弦振动同步控制模型

 结晶器非正弦振动是实施高拉速连铸和提高铸坯质量的关键技术。提出了结晶器非正弦振动波形及振动工艺参数的确定方法和基本参数的选取原则,并结合高拉速连铸机的特点,分析了振动基本参数对工艺参数的影响规律,建立了拉速与振动基本参数间的同步控制关系,为改善工艺参数、最大限度地发挥非正弦振动技术优势、满足高效连铸生产要求提供了依据和指导。     

软接触结晶器电磁连铸技术的发展

介绍了软接触结晶器电磁连铸技术的基本原理，评述了该技术的发展过程，分析了在该技术研究中尚需解决的问题。作者认为，对于该技术的基本原理和规律的研究已较充分，但仍存在某些关键技术问题有待解决，为使该技术实用化，应加强此方面的研究。     

Heat Withdrawal in the Mold in Continuous Casting of Steel. Review and Analysis

Two principal methods are used to investigate the heat transfer in the continuous casting mold. The direct way is to measure cooling water temperatures, mold wall temperatures, strand temperatures and shell thickness in actual operation, and then deduce from these data the correlations for heat flux densities. The other way is to investigate the “unit operations” of heat transfer theoretically or experimentally in the laboratory, viz. heat transfer through a layer of casting flux or of gas, and heat transfer in a copper wall cooled on one side by water. The results obtained in this approach can then be used to explain the data determined with the direct method and to optimize the heat transfer behaviour of the mold in the machine. In the first part of this paper some unit operations are discussed and engineering formulae are given for computation of the heat resistances of the gap and the copper/water system. In the second part of the paper the available operational data on heat flux density are analysed. Algorithms are presented for computation of local and average heat flux density as functions of casting speed, carbon content of the steel and composition of the casting flux. Finally, values of shell thickness are computed with the correlation for heat flux density and are compared with the measured data.     

高效板坯连铸结晶器集成技术

阐述并分析了高效连铸结晶器的关键技术,重点介绍了高效板坯连铸结晶器集成技术研究开发的主要内容,指出开发和应用高效板坯连铸结晶器集成技术对提高我国板坯连铸的整体水平具有重要意义。