覆铜板废边角料熔炼渣熔化温度研究

覆铜板废边角料是一种具有明显“高硼低铁”特征的电子废料,为使覆铜板废边角料冶炼过程中具有合适的熔化温度,采用化学试剂配置合成了17组“高硼低铁”渣,利用RDS-2010型智能测试仪通过半球熔点法测定其熔点。对所测得数据进行了多元非线性回归分析,得到了熔化温度与熔炼渣化学组成之间的数学表达式,基于回归方程考察了FeO含量（w（Feo））、Fe₃O₄含量（w（Fe₃O₄））、Al₂O₃含量（w（Al₂O₃））、B₂O₃含量（w（B₂O₃））及钙硅比（m（Cao）/m（SiO₂））单一组分变化对熔炼渣熔点的影响规律。结果表明,回归方程预测值与实际值吻合度较高;熔化温度在熔渣组成成分范围内低于1 100 ℃,具有良好的冶炼性能;熔渣的熔化温度随着w（Fe₃O₄）、w（Al₂O₃）的增加而升高,随着w（Feo）、w（B₂O₃）、m（Cao）/m（SiO₂）的增加而下降。研究结果为电子废料的绿色回收提供数据支持。      

铝热法冶炼钒铁渣的熔化性能

采用热力学软件FactSage中的Equilib和Phase Diagram模块分别对Al₂O₃-CaO-MgO三元渣系的熔化性能及添加助熔剂后对渣系熔点的影响进行理论分析,并实验测定渣系的实际熔点.发现渣系熔点随w（Al₂O₃）/w（CaO）比的升高先降低后升高,w（MgO）为4%～5%时渣系熔点最低.对于w（Al₂O₃）/w（MgO）>3的渣系,w（CaO）<30%时渣系熔点随w（CaO）增加而降低.22O₃）/w（CaO）<2.5,w（MgO）为15%～18%时,钒铁渣中加2.29%AlCl₃、4.86% Fe₂O₃或4.77% Na₂O时均可降低原渣熔化性温度约100℃.      

CaO对高钙烟煤熔融特性的影响

 通过在高钙烟煤的煤灰中添加不同含量的CaO,用于研究高钙烟煤的熔融特性变化情况和不同CaO含量下煤灰的熔融特性温度的变化情况。并且通过FactSage热力学软件对不同成分的合成灰进行模拟计算,用于对试验结果的佐证。研究结果表明,随着CaO添加量（质量分数）的增加,煤灰的熔融特性温度的整体趋势是先降低而后逐渐增加的。通过不同温度下灰中的矿物组成可以看出,添加一定量的CaO后,会使得高钙煤灰形成一种低温共熔体,从而使得灰熔点达到最低值。随着CaO添加量的继续增大,煤灰中钙硅石以及单晶氧化钙等高熔点矿物出现,煤灰熔点开始逐渐增加。并且从FactSage软件计算出的液相线温度结果和相图结果可以看出,其变化的趋势和熔融特性温度变化的趋势一致。     

PbO-FeO-CaO-SiO_2-ZnO五元渣系的熔化温度和黏度研究

在铅的富氧熔池熔炼中,高铅渣适宜的熔化温度和黏度对熔炼过程的顺行与高产有着至关重要的作用。以PbO-FeO-CaO-SiO_2-ZnO五元渣系为研究对象,采用灰熔点测定仪测定炉渣熔化温度,采用内圆柱体旋转式快速高温黏度仪测定炉渣黏度,分别探讨了Fe/SiO_2(质量比)(0.9～1.3)、CaO/SiO_2(质量比)(0.4～0.8)及ZnO含量(5%～11%)对炉渣熔化温度和黏度的影响规律。结果表明,随着Fe/SiO_2增加,炉渣的熔化温度和黏度都呈降低趋势,适宜的Fe/SiO_2值为1～1.1;炉渣的熔化温度随CaO的增加有所提高,而黏度随着CaO含量的增加而降低,适宜的CaO/SiO_2值为0.6;炉渣的熔化温度和黏度都随ZnO的增加而升高,在富氧熔池熔炼的操作温度内应保持ZnO含量低于7%。     

基于炉口火焰信息的转炉炼钢终点预报系统

设计了一种通过对转炉炉口火焰光强和图像信息的分析,在线实时判断和控制转炉吹炼终点温度和碳质 量分数的系统。本系统主要包括光强采集模块、图像采集模块、数据处理模块以及控制软件。现场试验证明:炉口 光强及图像在吹炼终点存在显著的变化规律;本系统用于终点判断和控制准确有效。     

低配碳含碳球团组分对低温熔分性能的影响

根据低配碳直接还原—低温熔分工艺制备粒铁的技术思想,考察了渣相成分对熔分开始时间及熔分后铁收得率的影响.试验结果表明,随着CaO添加量的增加,球团熔分开始时间先减小后增加.当CaO添加量为2.0％时,熔分开始时间最短.n(C)/n(O)为0.8时,渣相熔点较低,流动性较好,有利于渣铁分离.综合考虑熔分时间、铁收得率及能耗等,实验室条件下的最佳工艺参数为n(C)/n(O) =0.8,CaO添加量为2.0％,反应时间40 min(熔分开始时间30 min+熔分时间10 min).该条件下铁收得率约为85％,铁粒中铁含量约为94％,金属化率达95％以上,可作为优质的电炉炼钢原料.     

电铝热法冶炼钒铁渣熔化性能

利用Fact Sage热力学软件Phase Diagram和Equilib模块分别计算了CaO含量对CaO-Al₂O₃-22% MgO-1% SiO₂-2% FeO系液相线的影响以及CaO、调渣剂CaF₂和B₂O₃单独或复合添加对Al₂O₃-MgO-25% CaO-1% SiO₂-2% FeO系1700℃液相量的影响.通过差热分析测定了现场实验炉渣的熔化开始温度和结束温度,验证了理论计算变化规律.结果发现:电铝热法生产FeV的炉渣中CaO质量分数应该控制在25%左右,此时熔化性能较好;调渣剂CaF₂的调渣效果好于B₂O₃,且Al₂O₃/MgO质量比较高时二者不能复合使用;考虑到工业应用效果和环境保护,CaF₂添加量应控制在2%~5%.      

Thermodynamic Analysis of Inclusions of Low Melting Point Area in Spring Steel

The activity data of each component of a CaO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃ system were calculated by thermodynamic software Factsage. The composition of low melting point inclusions in a CaO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃–MgO system was analyzed by thermodynamic calculation. The results show that the area of low melting point inclusions first increases then decreases with accumulating the alumina and magnesium oxide contents, respectively; the low melting area of CaO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃–MgO inclusion is the biggest when the content of MgO and Al₂O₃ is 15%. To obtain low melting point inclusions, the alumina and magnesium contents should be approximately controlled to be 15%, and the CaO should be 40%.     

CaO对神东烟煤燃烧和熔融性能的影响

为了研究CaO对神东烟煤燃烧和熔融性能的影响,通过试验的方式研究了添加不同含量CaO后神东烟煤燃烧性和熔融性能的变化情况。使用FactSage热力学计算软件研究了添加不同含量的CaO对煤粉熔融性能的影响。结果表明,CaO的添加对两种神东烟煤的燃烧性有非常明显的催化作用。通过观察添加CaO后煤中的矿物变化情况可以发现,随着CaO的添加,CaO与煤灰中原有的矿物发生反应生成新的物相,从而对对煤的熔融性能产生影响。并且随着CaO的添加,煤灰的熔融特性温度显示出了先降低后增加的趋势,煤灰中CaO质量分数为30%~35%时,完全熔化温度达到最低点。     

不同碱度低氧化铝精炼渣对弹簧钢夹杂物成分的影响

为了优化55SiCrA弹簧钢中夹杂物的组成和形态,采用热力学软件Factsage分别研究了CaO、SiO_2含量对CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO与CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MnO系相图低熔点区域面积的影响,研究结果表明:随着CaO和SiO_2含量的增加,CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MnO系相图低熔点区域面积分数逐步增大;在CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO系中,当CaO的质量分数为40%,SiO_2的质量分数为50%时,对应相图的低熔点区域面积最大。同时,研究了不同碱度的精炼渣对钢样中夹杂物的影响,结果表明:当精炼渣的Al_2O_3含量相同时,随着精炼渣碱度的增大,夹杂物中Al_2O_3的含量不断增加,其成分逐渐偏离低熔点区域。当精炼渣中Al_2O_3的质量分数为8%,碱度为1.2时,可得到低熔点的塑性夹杂物,形貌多为球形,尺寸在5μm以下。     

Al2O3质量分数对高碱度烧结矿软熔滴落性能影响

 对Al2O3质量分数不同的高碱度烧结矿进行了荷重软化熔滴试验,并通过对不同温度下烧结矿微观结构和矿物组成的分析,进行了Al2O3质量分数对烧结矿软熔滴落性能影响机制的探讨。试验结果表明：Al2O3质量分数增加促进了还原过程中钙铝黄长石(2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2)和浮士体共晶相(2CaO·SiO2-2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2-FeO)等低熔点富铝相的生成,导致高Al2O3烧结矿在较低温度下出现开气孔孔隙封闭,从而降低了压差陡升温度。在熔融滴落阶段,高Al2O3烧结矿中渣相的Al2O3质量分数较高。存在于金属铁颗粒之间渣相的液相线和黏度随Al2O3质量分数增加而提高,在一定程度上降低金属铁颗粒的聚合,使得烧结矿的滴落温度提高。同时,高Al2O3烧结矿具有较宽的熔滴区间,使得熔融滴落区间的透气性较差。     

Research on characteristics and modelling estimation of molten BF slag viscosity in the process of slag waste heat recovery

The object of this study was to explore the effects of basicity (CaO/SiO₂ ratio), MgO and Al₂O₃ on viscosity and melting temperature of molten slag in the process of coal gasification with blast furnace (BF) slag as heat carrier to recover the waste heat. The results showed that the viscosity and melting temperature of BF slag decreased first and then increased with CaO/SiO₂ ratio increasing, and the suitable CaO/SiO₂ ratio was 1.10–1.20. Both viscosity and melting temperature increased with the increasing of MgO and Al₂O₃ in the slag, which should be lower than 8.22 and 11.00%, respectively. What is more, the viscosity estimation model for molten BF slag was established according to the Urbain model and experimental data of slag viscosity. In the model, the activation energy was calculated using slag compositions based on the redefine of material types in the slag, and the temperature was described by the Weymann–Frenkel equation. The viscosity of BF slag system estimated by proposed viscosity estimation model (modified Urbain model) fitted well with the experimental data and the mean deviation was about 17.98%.     

Impact of Sinter Basicity and Alumina on Softening Melting Behavior in Blast Furnace

Softening–melting (SM) experiments have been carried out by using sinter basicity (CaO/SiO2) 1.74 to 2.09 and alumina content 2.90 to 3.39%. The objective of the work is to find the relation between sinter basicity and alumina on SM temperature range, so that we can improve the furnace performance. The increase in basicity of sinter from 1.74 to 2.09 at alumina 2.90 decreases softening start temperature and increases melting finish temperature. Thus, there is a rise in the SM temperature range from 192 to 245 degree Celsius (°C) which increases the gas flow resistance and reduces the permeability across the cohesive zone and deteriorating furnace performance, whereas on the other hand, with an increase in basicity from 1.74 to 2.09 at alumina 3.39, it decreases both softening start temperature and melting finish temperature. Thus, there is a decrease in the SM temperature range from 230 to 220 °C, which shows slight improvement in gas flow resistance.     

铁矿粉的熔化特性及其对烧结强度的影响

考察了烧结过程中粉矿特性对形成液相流动性及烧结强度的影响。实验结果表明,含脉石很少的B矿在配加w（CaO）＝26％时液相具有较好的流动性及较短的流动时间;含有一定量脉石的A矿随w（CaO）的增加（20％～30％）其流动性逐渐变好,熔化时间也逐渐缩短。以上述粉矿为粘附粉矿的烧结试样,其抗压和抗折强度均随其粉矿熔化特性的增强（流动性增加以及熔化时间降低）而增大。     

Study on Properties of Alumina‐Based Mould Fluxes for High‐Al Steel Slab Casting

During the continuous casting of high‐Al steel, the dynamic reduction of silica‐based mould fluxes by the aluminium in the steel leads to changes in their composition and physical properties. The alumina‐based mould flux has been suggested as an alternative to alleviate this reduction problem. However, until now, the smooth running of high‐Al steel continuous casting has been impeded by the lack of systematic investigation of properties of this slag. In this paper, the effects of typical components on the properties of alumina‐based mould fluxes are discussed. The experimental results show that: (a) an increase in F^? can reduce the viscosity while increasing the melting and break temperatures; (b) with increasing Li₂O, the viscosity, melting temperature, and break temperature first decrease and then increase; (c) with the addition of BaO, the viscosity, melting temperature, and break temperature remain at a low level, while a further increase in BaO causes a decrease in viscosity, an increase in melting temperature, and the stabilization of the break temperature; (d) BaO is favorable to stabilize the properties of mould fluxes for the dissolution of additional Al₂O₃; (e) the crystalline phases of the mould fluxes mainly contain 12CaO · 7Al₂O₃ and 11CaO · 7Al₂O₃ · CaF₂, and 12CaO · 7Al₂O₃ has great potential as a substitute for cuspidine.     

Ausmelt炉镍熔炼合理渣型的研究

金川集团公司沉降电炉弃渣有价金属含量高且熔化温度高。采用SEM-EDS与XRD确定了镍和铜在渣中的主要损失形式为夹杂或悬浮。测定了以Ausmelt熔炼渣为基础的半合成渣的熔化温度,研究了Fe/SiO2及CaO含量对半合成渣熔化温度的影响。结果表明,当Fe/SiO2=0.9～1.0且CaO含量为6%～10%时,渣的熔化温度明显降低,为Ausmelt炉镍熔炼工艺参数的优化提供参考。     

Effect of B_2O_3 on Melting Temperature of CaO-Based Ladle Refining Slag

B2O3 is selected as fluxing agent of CaO-based ladle refining slag to decrease the melting temperature as well as to improve the speed of slag forming and the refining efficiency.The effects of B2O3 on the melting temperature of two series of refining slags including the low basicity slags(the mass ratio of CaO/SiO2 is 3-4)and the high basicity slags(the mass ratio of CaO/SiO2 is 5-8.75)were investigated.The slag melting temperature was measured using the hemisphere method.The results indicate that the fluxing action of B2O3 is better than that of CaF2 and Al2O3.For the CaO-based refining slag with low basicity,the melting temperature is decreased effectively when B2O3 is used to substitute for equal mass of CaF2,Al2O3 and SiO2,respectively.For the CaO-based refining slag with high basicity,when CaF2 is substituted by B2O3,the melting temperature can be decreased remarkably.Especially,when the mass ratios of CaO/Al2O3 and CaO/SiO2 are in the range of 1.1-4.0 and 5.25-8.0,respectively,the slag melting temperature is lower than 1300 ℃.Therefore,the B2O3-containing refining slags with high ratios of CaO/Al2O3 and CaO/SiO2 have ultra low melting temperature.     

高硅氧化铜矿还原熔炼渣黏度研究及Iida模型应用

针对刚果（金）某高硅、低铁氧化铜矿还原熔炼过程渣铜分离困难、铜收得率低等问题,研究了配加不同CaO和FeO含量对还原熔炼渣黏度的影响规律,并在此基础上优化了Iida黏度预测模型,为实现CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-FeO渣系黏度的精准控制提供支撑。结果表明,该熔炼渣黏度随CaO和FeO含量的增加而逐渐下降。调控终渣碱度大于0.5、FeO含量大于3%,可有效改善熔炼渣黏度。利用优化后的Iida黏度预报模型可在较大成分与温度范围内进行本体系熔渣黏度的预测,预报相对误差在10%以内。     

CAS-OB refining: slag modification with B2O3–CaO and CaF2–CaO

Abstract

Evaluation of CAS-OB refining slags showed that the melting temperature and viscosity were very high and could further increase during the CAS-OB refining process, causing excessive slag to stick to the snorkel with resulting operational problems. To avoid this, B₂O₃–CaO (mass ratio 1 : 1) and CaF₂–CaO (mass ratio 1 : 1) were employed as modifiers added to the slag. The fusibility (melting temperature and viscosity) and desulphurising capacity of modified slag were investigated. Both B₂O₃–CaO and CaF₂–CaO can effectively lower the melting temperature and viscosity of slag. The results of experiments on sulphur partition equilibrium between metal and slag indicate that the sulphur content of metal can be further decreased by the modified slag.     

Kinetics of mixed rare earths minerals decomposed by CaO with NaCl-CaCl₂ melting salt

For increasing reaction rate and reducing decomposing temperature,TG-DTA,XRD,SEM and Chemical analysis were used to study the kinetics of mixed rar e earths minerals decomposed by CaO with NaCl-CaCl2. The results showed that the reaction rate increased with increasing of NaC-CaCl2 addition,CaO addition,an d decomposition temperature. The kinetics of mixed rare earths minerals decompos ed by CaO conformed to 1-2/3X-(1-X) 2/3=kdt mode. The decomposition reaction rate was controlled by two steps,and the activation energy was decreased with addin g of NaCl-CaCl2 melting salt. The micro-pattern of products was loosening and po rous with NaCl-CaCl2 in decomposition system.