Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a High-Carbon Bainitic Steel Treated by Long-Time Bainitic Austempering and Short-Time Austempering Plus Tempering Processes

Herein, the microstructure and mechanical properties of a high-carbon bainitic steel treated by long-time bainitic austempering and short-time austempering plus tempering processes are compared. The multiphase microstructures are characterized by dilatometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy to correlate with mechanical properties. Results show that although long-time austempering treatment can reduce the volume fraction of brittle martensite, no significant improvement is observed in fracture damage resistance. Besides, the cementite is prone to precipitation from the austenite at the later period of the long-time austempering process. The cementite precipitation in austenite decreases the carbon content in retained austenite (RA) and consequently reduces the mechanical stability of RA. In contrast, the cementite has not been able to precipitate from austenite after short-time austempering treatment, whereas the martensite is softened and the stability of RA is improved during subsequent tempering. Therefore, excellent mechanical properties are obtained in the samples treated by short-time austempering plus tempering process: ultimate tensile strength, 1489 MPa, yield strength, 1014 MPa, total elongation, 33.2%, and the product of strength and elongation (PSE) of 48.4 GPa%, where PSE is increased by 27% compared with the sample after long-time bainitic austempering.     

Influence of Temperature and Time of Austempering Treatment on Mechanical Properties of SAE 9254 Commercial Steel

This work describes the steps in the study and development of the high content of C, Si, and Cr in commercial steel with a nanostructured matrix of martensite, bainite and retained austenite. Specimens of this steel were austenitized at 900 °C for 5 min and isothermally heat treated at different times (0.5, 2, 24, 48 h) and temperatures (200, 220, 270 °C). Different mechanical behavior was observed for the samples treated under different conditions due to their microstructural constitution. Specimens treated for 2 h at 200 °C showed lower yield strength of 979 MPa. On the other hand a high tensile strength of 2248 MPa was reached. The sample treated at 270 °C showed higher yield strength of 1363 MPa with the same treatment time. As for the fracture analysis, the brittle fracture mechanism was predominant for the samples treated at 200 °C, while the ductile fracture mechanism was predominant for the samples treated at 270 °C.     

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of X120 Grade High Strength Pipeline Steel

A new ultrahigh strength pipeline steel with high yield strength and high impact toughness was fabricated in this work,and mechanical properties and microstructure of the steel were investigated.The steel exhibited outstanding mechanical properties with yield strength levels of up to 951 MPa and tensile strength levels up to 1023 MPa.The sharp notch toughness with absorbed energy values of 227 J/cm2 at-30 ℃ and shear area of up to 95% in drop weight tear test(DWTT)at temperature of-20℃ were achieved.It was found that microstructure of the steel comprises a majority of low-carbon lath bainite with different sublaths and sub-sublaths,meanwhile there is a high density of dislocation between laths and the dispersed film-like martensite-austenite(M-A)constituents.Most of the precipitates in this steel are duplex type containing Nb and Ti with characterized morphology of cap with the range of precipitation size from a few to tens nanometers.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a New Low Carbon Bainitic Weathering Steel

A low carbon bainitic weathering steel with Cu-P alloying was developed.The mechanical properties and hot-rolled microstructures of the new steel at different finishing temperatures were investigated.Cu-P alloying produced strong solution strengthening,delayed the transformation of austenite to bainite,thereby increased the amount of M/A islands.The interaction of phosphorous and copper atoms with dislocations inhibited the recovery process and the formation of subgrains.Low temperature rolling promoted the formation of bainite plates and reduced the size of M/A island,which were beneficial to improving the low temperature impact toughness of phosphorus-bearing low carbon bainitic steel.     

低碳贝氏体钢的组织类型及其对性能的影响

低碳贝氏体钢受控冷工艺的影响会得到不同类型的组织，在较慢速冷却时，在奥氏体中先形成针状铁素体，残余奥氏体会被包裹在铁素体之中，形成粒状贝氏体团。工业轧制试验表明．不同控制冷却工艺可得到两类组织，一类出现黑珠组织(富碳马氏体组织)．具有该组织的钢轧态冲击韧性低。另外一类为细化的板条贝氏体组织，具有该组织的钢轧态强度高，冲击韧性好，但伸长率不足。通过回火处理，存在黑珠组织钢的冲击韧性能得到提高，超细化板条贝氏体组织钢的伸长率也能得到改善，但后者屈服强度会比前者高100MPa左右。     

Effects of Dual-Phase Region Quenching Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 24CrNiMo Low-Alloy Steel Prepared by Selective Laser Melting

Herein, 24CrNiMo low-alloy steel is successfully prepared using selective laser melting (SLM) technology. Effects of dual-phase region quenching treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of SLM 24CrNiMo low-alloy steel are analyzed. The results show that after three kinds of dual-phase region quenching treatment, different martensite–ferrite dual-phase microstructure of the as-quenched alloy steel is obtained. In the range of austenitizing temperature from 760 to 820 °C, the content and size of the ferrite decrease; on the contrary, the content and size of the martensite increase. Furthermore, with the austenitizing temperature increasing, the morphology of the ferrite gradually changes from acicular ferrite + polygonal ferrite to acicular ferrite, while the lath characteristics of the martensite become more and more obvious. For electron backscatter diffraction results, with increasing the quenching temperature, the crystallographic morphology gradually changes from columnar grains to equiaxed grains; meanwhile, the extreme value of texture strength and the average size of grains are both decreased. When the austenitizing temperature is 820 °C, the microhardness and tensile strength of the as-quenched alloy steel are much higher than that of the as-deposited alloy steel.     

微合金元素对700MPa级低碳贝氏体钢组织与性能的影响

通过对700 MPa级低碳贝氏体钢静态CCT曲线及不同冷却速度下组织的分析,研究了两组不同Ti、Nb含量的低碳贝氏体钢的组织、性能。结果表明,Ti、Nb含量的增加促使抗拉强度、屈服强度提高,但是Ti含量过量时对低温冲击功是不利的;wTi=0.015%-0.025%、wNb=0.04%-0.05%可满足700 MPa级别低碳贝氏体钢的强度与韧性要求,该成分钢在TMCP处理后采用回火工艺,可以获得理想的力学性能。     

Ti含量对热轧带钢组织和力学性能的影响

以普通集装箱板的成分为基础,在CSP生产线上成功开发出Ti微合金化高强度钢,采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、化学相分析等实验手段研究了Ti含量对带钢组织和性能的影响.结果表明:Ti含量变化对铁素体晶粒尺寸影响不大;随钢中Ti含量增加,TiN粒子的尺寸增大,TiC的体积分数增加,而TiC粒子的平均尺寸减小.在Ti含量为0.106%的钢中发现大量尺寸小于5 nm的细小析出物,正是这些析出物的沉淀强化作用显著提高了钢的强度.     

1000MPa低碳贝氏体钢的连续冷却转变组织及力学性能

 采用Gleeble热模拟试验研究了一种Si-Mn系低碳贝氏体钢的连续冷却转变组织,并在首钢棒材厂工业轧机进行了生产工艺试验的工业试制,研究了不同轧制工艺对金相组织、力学性能的影响。结果表明,该系列贝氏体钢在2℃/s的冷速条件下可得到全贝氏体组织,冷却速度对组织类型和性能有直接影响;通过合理地控制轧制工艺,可得到细小的贝氏体组织,具有良好的塑性和冲击性能,抗拉强度可达到1000MPa以上,冲击功达到80J以上。     

Influence of V(C,N) Precipitates on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Continuous Cooled C-Mn-V

The effect of chemical composition and processing parameters on the formation of acicular ferrite and/or bainite has been investigated.In particular,this paper deals with the influence that N through its combination with V,as V(C,N) precipitates,has on the decomposition of austenite.Likewise,the intragranular nucleation potency of V(C,N) precipitates is analyzed through the continuous cooling transformation diagrams (CCT) of two C-Mn-V steels with different contents of N.Results reported in this work allow us to conclude that acicular ferrite can only be achieved alloying with vanadium and nitrogen,meanwhile bainite is promoted in steels with a low level of nitrogen.It is concluded that higher strength values are obtained in acicular ferrite than in bainitic steel but a similar brittle-ductile transition temperature (BDT),and lower values of impact absorbed energy (KV) has been recorded in nitrogen-rich steel.