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Multi-rotor floating wind turbines are among the innovative technologies proposed in the last decade in the effort to reduce the cost of wind energy. These systems are able to offer advantages in terms of smaller blades deployed offshore, cheaper operations, fewer installations, and sharing of the floating platform. As the blade-pitch actuation system is prone to failures, the assessment of the associated load scenarios is commonly required. Load assessment of blade-pitch fault scenarios has only been performed for single-rotor solutions. In this work, we address the effect of blade-pitch system faults and emergency shutdown on the dynamics and loads of a two-rotor floating wind turbine. The concept considered employs two NREL 5-MW baseline wind turbines and the OO-Star semi-submersible platform. The blade-pitch faults investigated are blade blockage and runaway, that is, the seizure at a given pitch angle and the uncontrolled actuation of one of the blades, respectively. Blade-pitch faults lead to a significant increase in the structural loads of the system, especially for runaway fault conditions. Emergency shutdown significantly excites the platform pitch motion, the tower-bottom bending moment, and tower torsional loads, while suppressing the faulty blade flapwise bending moment after a short peak. Shutdown delay between rotors increases significantly the maxima of the torsional loads acting on the tower. Comparison of blade loads with data from single-rotor spar-type study show great similarity, highlighting that the faulty blade loads are not affected by (1) the type of platform used and (2) the multi-rotor deployment. 相似文献
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为实现海洋空间立体化,最大化经济产出,提出一种单桩基础海上风电机组(OWT)融合海水养殖的新型增殖型海上风电机组结构(MOWTAC)。该研究提出基于时域耦合数值仿真工具FAST v8的新型增殖型海上风力机水动力计算模型,建立新型增殖型海上风力机在地震、风和波浪荷载作用下的整体耦合计算模型。进一步,开展地震组合工况作用下新型增殖型海上风力机整体结构动力响应计算。由计算结果可知,地震荷载为新型增殖型海上风力机在地震、风和波浪荷载作用下海上风力机结构响应的控制荷载。相比于风浪联合工况,新型增殖型风力机在地震荷载激励下2阶频率对于结构响应的影响显著增加。 相似文献
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This paper proposes a model considering the wave‐current interactions in dynamic analyses of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) and investigates the interaction effects on the FOWT responses. Waves when traveling on current are affected by the current, leading to frequency shift and shape modification. To include such interactions in FOWT analysis, which has not been considered by the researchers till date, a nonlinear hydrodynamic model for multicable mooring systems is presented that is able to consider the cable geometric nonlinearity, seabed contact, and the current effect. The mooring model is then coupled with a spar‐type FOWT model that handles the structural dynamics of turbine blades and tower, aerodynamics of the wind‐blade interaction, and wave‐current effects on the spar. The analytical wave‐current interaction model based on Airy theory considering the current effect is used in the computation of flow velocity and acceleration. Numerical studies are then carried out based on the NREL offshore 5‐MW baseline wind turbine supported on top of the OC3‐Hywind spar buoy. Two cases, (1) when the currents are favorable and (2) when the currents are adverse, are examined. Differences of up to 15% have been observed by comparing the cable fairlead tension obtained excluding and including the wave‐current interactions. In particular, when irregular waves interact with adverse current, a simple superposition treatment of the wave and the current effects seems to underestimate the spar motion and the cable fairlead tension. This indicates that the wave‐current interaction is an important aspect and is needed to be considered in FOWT analysis. 相似文献
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针对漂浮式海上风机建模困难、频繁变桨造成的严重疲劳损伤等问题,提出一种基于改进无模型自适应控制的转矩-变桨协调控制策略。该策略不依赖漂浮式海上风机的数学模型,通过集成迭代学习控制策略改进无模型自适应控制方法,设计发电机电磁转矩和桨距角作为控制变量的多输入多输出控制器进行协调控制,允许非零度桨距角下风机用做动能缓冲,在平滑输出功率的同时减少变桨动作量。为证明所提出控制策略的有效性,在多种风场景下,与增益调度PI控制等方法进行了对比实验。结果表明:所提出的控制策略使漂浮式海上风机在满足发电功率平稳性的同时减缓了漂浮平台的俯仰运动,可有效降低漂浮式海上风机的疲劳载荷。 相似文献
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提出适用于南海200 m水域的新型漂浮式风电基础概念设计,并基于NREL 5 MW风力涡轮机对新型基础进行性能分析。采用莫里森方程和势流理论计算水动力载荷,并利用ANSYS/AQWA软件建立风力机结构与水动力数值模型,探究其在频域范围内的水动力性能,计算分析漂浮式风力机在不同波况下的时域动力响应。结果显示,该基础的固有周期能较好地避开常见波浪的周期范围,避免引起共振,水动力性能良好,在南海某海域1年、20年和50年一遇的3种波况下基础的运动响应均满足规范要求,能保证漂浮式风力机在极端海况下的安全性和稳定性。 相似文献
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针对DTU(Technical University of Denmark)10 MW风力机,使用FAST软件对典型海况下不同水动力分量作用下的半潜浮式风力机系统进行全耦合分析,包括仅一阶波浪力作用、一阶波浪力和采用Newman近似计算的二阶差频波浪力作用、一阶波浪力和全域二次传递函数(quadratic transfer functions,QTFs)计算的二阶差频波浪力作用、一阶波浪力和全域QTFs计算的二阶和频波浪力作用以及一阶波浪力和全域QTFs计算的完整二阶波浪力作用,以对比分析二阶差频、和频波浪力对超大型半潜浮式风力机动态响应的影响;基于风力机结构疲劳计算理论,分析二阶差频和频波浪力对风力机结构疲劳破坏的影响。研究发现:在极端海况下,二阶差频波浪力对平台运动响应,二阶差频及和频波浪力对半潜浮式风力机结构荷载和疲劳破坏均产生显著影响。此外,Newman近似方法明显低估二阶差频波浪力对半潜浮式风力机动态响应的影响。 相似文献
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Vincent Leroy Jean‐Christophe Gilloteaux Mattias Lynch Aurlien Babarit Pierre Ferrant 《风能》2019,22(8):1019-1033
Over the last decade, several coupled simulation tools have been developed in order to design and optimize floating wind turbines (FWTs). In most of these tools, the aerodynamic modeling is based on quasi‐steady aerodynamic models such as the blade element momentum (BEM). It may not be accurate enough for FWTs as the motion of the platform induces highly unsteady phenomena around the rotor. To address this issue, a new design tool has been developed coupling a seakeeping solver with an unsteady aerodynamic solver based on the free vortex wake (FVW) theory. This tool is here compared with the reference code FAST, which is based on the BEM theory in order to characterize the impact of the aerodynamic model on the seakeeping of a floating horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT). Aerodynamic solvers are compared for the case of the free floating NREL 5MW HAWT supported by the OC3Hywind SPAR. Differences obtained between the models have been analyzed through a study of the aerodynamic loads acting on the same turbine in imposed harmonic surge and pitch motions. This provides a better understanding of the intrinsic differences between the quasi‐steady and unsteady aerodynamic solvers. The study shows that differences can be observed between the three aerodynamic solvers, especially at high tip speed ratio (TSR) for which unsteady aerodynamic phenomena and complex wake dynamics occur. Observed discrepancies in the predictions of the FWT dynamic response can raise issues when designing such a system with a state‐of‐the‐art design tool. 相似文献
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为研究混合式平台漂浮式风电场平台动态响应,分别建立基于Spar和Barge平台的漂浮式风力机整机模型,采用链接悬链线和固定悬链线将其链接以建立2×2阵列漂浮式风电场。采用叶素动量理论计算风载荷,通过辐射/绕射理论求解波浪载荷,采用水动力学软件AQWA研究风波载荷作用下漂浮式风电场平台的动态响应。针对Spar和Barge平台尺度大小不同导致系泊系统不对称引起的Spar平台横摇和艏摇响应较大问题,提出"依照尺度最大平台正交布置链接悬链线"的漂浮式风电场系泊系统布置准则。为验证所提出的系泊系统布置准则的可行性,对比研究系泊系统正交化前后漂浮式风电场平台的动态响应。结果表明,在极限海况下,系泊系统的正交化布置可减小Spar平台横荡响应,但一定程度会增加纵荡响应;而系泊系统正交化与否对漂浮式风电场平台垂荡、纵摇响应和机舱加速度影响较小。此外,正交化布置的系泊系统可显著减小Spar平台横摇和艏摇响应、Barge平台艏摇响应,而Barge平台横摇响应几乎不受影响。 相似文献
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为研究混合式平台漂浮式风电场平台动态响应,分别建立基于Spar和Barge平台的漂浮式风力机整机模型,采用链接悬链线和固定悬链线将其链接以建立2×2阵列漂浮式风电场。采用叶素动量理论计算风载荷,通过辐射/绕射理论求解波浪载荷,采用水动力学软件AQWA研究风波载荷作用下漂浮式风电场平台的动态响应。针对Spar和Barge平台尺度大小不同导致系泊系统不对称引起的Spar平台横摇和艏摇响应较大问题,提出"依照尺度最大平台正交布置链接悬链线"的漂浮式风电场系泊系统布置准则。为验证所提出的系泊系统布置准则的可行性,对比研究系泊系统正交化前后漂浮式风电场平台的动态响应。结果表明,在极限海况下,系泊系统的正交化布置可减小Spar平台横荡响应,但一定程度会增加纵荡响应;而系泊系统正交化与否对漂浮式风电场平台垂荡、纵摇响应和机舱加速度影响较小。此外,正交化布置的系泊系统可显著减小Spar平台横摇和艏摇响应、Barge平台艏摇响应,而Barge平台横摇响应几乎不受影响。 相似文献
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针对漂浮式海上风电机组接地系统所处的深海环境及特殊的系泊系统,综合考虑纵荡运动对入流风速和尾流区域膨胀的影响,基于二维BP工程尾流模型,提出一种三维尾流模型(3Dksg_BP),将该模型用于全尾流区域横向和垂向风速剖面的预测。预测结果与风洞实验数据对比发现,下游1.7 D 、 2.3 D 、 5.0 D 和10.0 D (D 为风轮直径)等位置的预测精度均不低于97.6%。基于3Dksg_BP,研究不同频率和振幅下的纵荡运动对尾流造成的影响,结果表明:纵荡运动对尾迹的影响随频率和振幅的增大而增大,且随着下游距离的增加,纵荡运动对尾迹的影响逐渐减小。 相似文献
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文章旨在探索10 MW级半潜型浮式风机的一体化计算方法并分析其在40~50 m近海深水区的耦合动力响应特性。 以10 MW混凝土半潜型浮式风机为例,构建一体化时域数值计算模型,统计分析其额定发电和极端工况下的平台动力响应和系泊张力特征。 平台水平运动主要受波浪荷载、风荷载和系泊刚度特性的影响,最大水平运动和系泊张力发生在生存工况,垂向运动主要受波浪荷载影响,摇摆运动的均值主要受风荷载影响,上述浮式风机动力响应均满足设计指标。 一体化数值计算方法较好地考虑浮式风机耦合动力特性,由于水深限制,近海深水区的海上漂浮式风机对水平运动约束和系泊非线性问题的优化更为重要,响应极值主要发生在极端工况,上述结论为此类漂浮式海上风机基础结构的研究与设计工作提供了一定的参考。 相似文献
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为探究单桩及三桩式海上风力机在不同风载荷及地震载荷作用下动力学响应的差异,以DTU 10 MW风力机为研究对象,考虑湍流风及地震载荷作用,基于p-y曲线法及Winkler土-构相互作用理论,构建土-构耦合模型,开展单桩及三桩式海上风力机动力学响应比较研究。结果表明:在湍流风作用下,三桩式风力机较单桩式塔顶位移峰值响应较小,结构更稳定;单桩式风力机呈局部小应力、整体大应力现象;而三桩式风力机呈局部大应力,整体小应力现象。在湍流风与地震载荷联合作用下,三桩式风力机相较于单桩式位移峰值受地震载荷影响波动较大,但其在不同风速及不同强度地震作用下峰值节点位移总体仍小于单桩式。 相似文献
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为提高风波作用下平台稳定性并降低系泊拔锚风险,提出对Barge平台系泊添加配重的新型系泊系统。基于辐射/绕射理论和有限元方法,对比系泊添加配重前后Barge平台动态响应、系泊受力及躺地长度变化,并研究配重位置的影响。结果表明:在保证系泊安全的前提下,添加配重可有效降低平台纵荡、垂荡及纵摇响应并增加系泊躺地长度;当配重距锚点约160 m时,平台纵荡响应最小且躺地长度最大,纵荡、垂荡及纵摇响应幅值分别减小41.9%、20.4%及11.8%。此外,1~4号系泊躺地长度为未加配重时的12.9、2.0、1.9及0.9倍,张力略有增大,但仍在安全范围内;1号系泊(迎风浪侧)躺地长度最小,拔锚风险最高,4号系泊(背风浪侧)添加配重后其躺地长度缩短,拔锚风险增加。 相似文献
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构建基于NREL 5 MW 风电机组的海上固定式风电场和不同类型的漂浮式风电场,考虑不同类型风电机组尾流特性、平台漂浮特性的差异,在不同工况下对风电场内机组动力学响应进行仿真计算。通过时域分析与箱线图分析,对风电场内各位置处机组在风、浪、尾流联合作用下的塔基载荷进行对比研究。结果表明:在相同工况下,Spar式风电场内机组风轮与平台位移值、塔基载荷在来流方向上最大;在中低风速下,风电场内机组塔基载荷相差较大;高风速时,塔基载荷相近;随着风速的增大,漂浮式机组塔基载荷呈先增大后减小的规律。 相似文献
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Vincent Leroy Jean‐Christophe Gilloteaux Mattias Lynch Aurlien Babarit Pierre Ferrant 《风能》2019,22(9):1175-1189
This study focuses on the impact of the aerodynamic model on the dynamic response of a floating vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). It compares a state‐of‐the‐art quasi‐steady double multiple streamtube (DMS) solver, a prescribed vortex wake (PVW), and a free vortex wake (FVW) solver. The aerodynamic loads acting on a bottom‐fixed VAWT and computed with the three aerodynamic solvers are compared, then the dynamic responses of the floating turbine in irregular waves and turbulent wind with the different aerodynamic solvers are compared. Differences are observed, particularly in the mean motions of the platform. Eventually, the aerodynamic damping computed by the solvers are estimated with aerodynamic simulations on the turbine with imposed surge and pitch motions. The estimated damping can then be correlated with the dynamic response amplitude of the VAWT. Substantial discrepancies are observed between the three solvers at high tip speed ratio, when the rotor is highly loaded. It is shown that the quasi‐steady DMS solver seems to give greater amplitude of motions for the floating VAWT because of strong rotor/wake interaction that are not correctly accounted for. 相似文献
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Floating offshore wind turbines operate in a highly unsteady environment; thus, many flow transients occur at the blade cross‐sectional level, which affect the rotor aerodynamics. In every rotor aerodynamics modelling technique requiring the blade element theory, the blade cross‐sectional aerodynamics need to be predicted accurately on the basis of the flow conditions. At reduced frequencies of 0.01 and greater, the flow unsteadiness can be considered significant and cannot be treated as quasisteady. Floating offshore wind turbines can be expected to consistently operate in some degree of yaw or pitch, which may result in reduced frequencies greater than 0.01 over most of the blade when operating at rated wind speeds and rotor RPM. The Beddoes‐Leishman model is a comprehensive but complex model for predicting unsteady airfoil aerodynamics, containing 8 dimensionless time constants. In the present study, the Beddoes‐Leishman model was compared with experimental results of 10 different airfoil profiles, each performed under a range of Reynolds numbers, motion frequencies, mean, and amplitudes of angle of attack. An optimization was performed for all time constants in the model, the results of which were used to formulate a simplified model with fewer equations, without any reduction in accuracy. Further, optimizations were performed against the experimental results of each airfoil, and the optimized constants were compared with shape parameters of the airfoils, yielding possible correlations, which were then applied in the simplified Beddoes‐Leishman model to yield improved accuracy, measured as a 5% reduction in accumulated error between experimental and predicted coefficients of lift. 相似文献