变槽宽比双主梁断面悬索桥抖振响应特性

为了研究变槽宽比双主梁断面悬索桥抖振响应,提出考虑自激力和抖振力沿展向变化的频域和时域抖振计算方法,对某景观大桥进行抖振分析。频域法研究了气动导纳函数、平均风速、脉动风交叉谱对抖振响应的影响,分析不同类型气动导纳函数对抖振响应的影响差异及原因。时域法通过在每个荷载步更新三分力系数进而更新气动力,并考虑结构的几何非线性效应。计算结果表明:考虑气动力展向变化的时域法能够捕捉到跨中单索面位置的局部峰值;时域抖振响应计算值在竖向大于频域计算值,在扭转方向要小于频域计算值;考虑气动力展向变化计算的抖振响应要大于采用跨中断面气动参数计算的抖振响应,其主要由抖振力的展向变化产生,自激力的展向变化对其影响较小,在实际工程中考虑气动力展向变化进行抖振分析更加安全。     

考虑桥塔风效应的多塔斜拉桥抖振响应分析

该文以6塔斜拉桥——嘉绍大桥为研究对象,基于ANSYS瞬态动力学分析功能进行了嘉绍大桥风致抖振响应的非线性时域分析,研究了多塔斜拉桥主梁和桥塔在强风作用下的抖振响应特性,并详细考察了自激力和桥塔风效应对主梁和桥塔抖振响应的影响。分析结果表明:1) 主梁与桥塔的风致抖振响应与结构的振动特性联系紧密,其抖振响应由于主梁与桥塔的动力耦合作用呈现出一定的独特性;2) 考虑自激力后主梁竖向抖振响应明显减小,而对主梁横桥向和扭转抖振响应影响相对较小。同时,自激力对桥塔的横桥向抖振响应基本没有影响,但对桥塔的顺桥向抖振响应起到了明显的抑制作用;3) 桥塔风效应对主梁的竖向和扭转抖振响应以及桥塔的顺桥向抖振响应基本没有影响,但会对主梁和桥塔的横桥向抖振响应产生较大影响。     

薄膜结构随机风场模拟和耦合风振响应分析

发展了一种以脉动风速曲线的人工模拟为基础的非线性随机振动的时域分析方法。应用自回归滑动平均(ARMA)模型对大跨度薄膜结构随机风场进行了数值仿真;采用Wilson-θ逐步积分法和Newton-Raphson迭代法推导了薄膜结构在抖振力作用下的非线性动力增量平衡方程,可考虑风与结构物的耦合作用,进一步求出结构的时程响应曲线和统计特性;对参数变化对结构抖振响应的影响进行了分析,从而分析索膜结构的抖振响应特性。     

大跨度桥梁主梁节段模型非平稳抖振时域模拟与分析

针对台风非平稳性显著的特征,开展大跨度桥梁主梁节段模型非平稳抖振时域模拟与分析。基于准定常理论,拓展了桥梁非平稳气动力模型,并通过阶跃函数进行了非平稳自激力的时域化。在此基础上,采用谐波合成法模拟了台风非平稳脉动风场,从而进一步开展了主梁节段模型的非平稳抖振响应时域分析,并与平稳理论分析结果进行了对比。研究结果表明:非平稳气动自激力可采用二维阶跃函数法进行时域化,并通过时变平均风速反映流体记忆效应的强度;桥梁非平稳静风位移与抖振位移RMS值均明显大于平稳抖振分析结果。因此,台风作用下大跨度桥梁的抖振响应分析有必要充分考虑非平稳特征的影响。     

三塔斜拉桥抖振的耦合行为研究

三塔斜拉桥较为柔性,振动模态较为密集,对风更为敏感。以京沪高速铁路南京长江大桥为工程背景,基于多模态耦合振动分析理论,对三塔斜拉桥抖振的耦合性能进行了研究。分别采用多模态耦合抖振分析方法和非耦合的单模态SRSS(Square Root of Sum of Squares)方法对结构在设计风速下的抖振响应进行了分析,将两种分析方法所得抖振响应的均方根及功率谱密度函数进行比较。为明确模态间的耦合关系,进一步分析了结构抖振响应随参与分析模态数的变化情况。分析结果表明:三塔斜拉桥抖振响应存在明显的多模态耦合效应,模态间的耦合作用将增大结构的抖振响应。对于大跨度桥梁的精细化分析,抖振的耦合行为不容忽视。     

大跨度斜拉桥风洞试验和计算分析的一致性研究

为考查大跨度斜拉桥风洞试验和计算分析两种研究方法间的一致性,以宜宾长江大桥为工程背景,针对该桥最大单悬臂状态,采用有限元方法分析结构静风响应,采用频域随机振动分析方法计算结构的抖振响应,并将计算分析得到的静风响应和抖振响应与气弹模型风洞试验结果进行对比分析,讨论了计算分析和风洞试验两种研究方法各自的精度以及两者间存在差异的原因。研究表明:对于较为显著的响应,两种方法的分析结果在总体上是一致的。     

斜拉桥抖振动力可靠性分析

本文针对大跨度斜拉桥的特点,考虑了振型间的耦合效应,采用目标谱显式分争技术与动力增量平衡迭代算法分析大桥的抖振响应,在此基础上,采用首次超越破坏机制,考虑了大跨度斜拉桥抖振响应的动力可靠性问题,最后,以文中方法验算了某斜拉桥主梁的抗风动力可靠性。     

时域抖振分析的风场模拟方法探索

时域抖振分析方法解决了频域抖分析方法有能解决的非线性分析问题。那么,时域抖振分析方法的关键是确定行之有效的风场模拟方法。本文提供一种新的更方便、更有效的风场模拟方法,并根据北京某地短期的实际风速时程记录资料,在一定的概率下,模拟出该地区１００年一遇的极值风速时程。     

桥塔风效应对大跨度悬索桥抖振响应的影响

以润扬长江公路大桥南汊悬索桥(润扬悬索桥)为研究对象,首先基于ANSYS建立了该桥的三维有限元计算模型,同时基于桥址区实测风特性建立了该桥考虑桥塔风效应的三维脉动风场,在此基础上进行了该桥非线性抖振响应时域分析,重点研究了桥塔风效应对大跨度悬索桥风致抖振响应的影响。研究结果表明,主塔风效应对大跨度悬索桥主梁抖振响应的影响很小。就主塔而言,其顺桥向抖振响应受桥塔风效应的影响也很小,但横桥向抖振响应在考虑桥塔风效应时显著增加,在进行抖振响应分析时不容忽视。研究结果对大跨度悬索桥的风致抖振分析具有参考价值。     

基于Küssner函数的不同气动导纳模型对大跨桥梁抖振响应的影响

采用Küssner类型函数对抖振力以及气动导纳在时域内进行模拟。对某大跨度悬索桥初步设计方案进行了风洞试验,得到该桥梁加劲梁断面的气动导纳。以试验气动导纳以及基于二维薄机翼理论的Sears气动导纳为基础进行了参数识别,得到相应的Küssner函数参数值。根据识别得到的Küssner函数,分别在时域内计算了考虑Sears气动导纳、试验气动导纳以及不考虑导纳时的抖振位移响应。分析结果表明采用Küssner函数法可灵活地将频域内的气动导纳转换为时域函数,从而便于考虑各类非线性后进行动力有限元分析。数值算例结果表明,当不考虑气动导纳时会得到显著偏大的抖振结果。考虑气动导纳时,基于Sears函数的抖振响应又明显高于基于试验导纳的抖振响应。因此,即使是对于采用类平板扁平箱梁的大跨度桥梁,其抖振响应分析宜采用试验测得的气动导纳代替广泛应用的Sears函数。     

A Comparative Assessment of Aerodynamic Models for Buffeting and Flutter of Long-Span Bridges

Wind-induced vibrations commonly represent the leading criterion in the design of long-span bridges. The aerodynamic forces in bridge aerodynamics are mainly based on the quasi-steady and linear unsteady theory. This paper aims to investigate different formulations of self-excited and buffeting forces in the time domain by comparing the dynamic response of a multi-span cable-stayed bridge during the critical erection condition. The bridge is selected to represent a typical reference object with a bluff concrete box girder for large river crossings. The models are viewed from a perspective of model complexity, comparing the influence of the aerodynamic properties implied in the aerodynamic models, such as aerodynamic damping and stiffness, fluid memory in the buffeting and self-excited forces, aerodynamic nonlinearity, and aerodynamic coupling on the bridge response. The selected models are studied for a wind-speed range that is typical for the construction stage for two levels of turbulence intensity. Furthermore, a simplified method for the computation of buffeting forces including the aerodynamic admittance is presented, in which rational approximation is avoided. The critical flutter velocities are also compared for the selected models under laminar flow.     

Advanced analysis of coupled buffeting response of bridges: a complex modal decomposition approach

This paper presents a framework based on a complex modal decomposition technique for predicting coupled buffeting response of bridges in both time and frequency domains. The coupled equations of motion in structural modal coordinates with frequency dependent aeroelastic self-excited terms are approximated by frequency independent state-space equations, without augmented aerodynamic states, which retain the complex modal properties of the original system. These equations are then decomposed into a set of uncoupled equations of motion for buffeting response analysis. The frequency dependent unsteady buffeting characteristics and their spanwise correlation are considered in both frequency and time domain analyses instead of invoking the customary quasi-steady assumption. This framework significantly enhances computational efficiency in the frequency domain analysis by avoiding system matrix inversion at each discretized frequency when evaluating the transfer function matrix. Furthermore, it also offers simulation of buffeting response in the time domain that includes frequency dependence of buffeting and self-excited forces. A detailed discussion concerning the complex modal frequencies, damping ratios, mode shapes, and the significance of structural modes on the multimode coupled buffeting response is provided. This helps to glean additional insight and to improve our understanding of the underlying physics of wind–structure interactions. Examples of long span suspension bridges are provided to illustrate the proposed scheme and to demonstrate its effectiveness.     

TMD和ATMD组合系统对施工状态斜拉桥的风振减振研究

该文研究分布式TMD（tuned mass dampers）和ATMD（active tuned mass dampers）对斜拉桥抖振响应竖向减振的优化设计和减振效果,采用H∞控制理论设计分布式TMD和ATMD,并通过对竖向减振效果的评价实现控制方案优化。以处于施工状态的南京长江三桥为例,考虑自激力对气动刚度和阻尼的...     

On flutter and buffeting mechanisms in long-span bridges

Using linear formulations throughout, the present paper reexamines the problem of the three-dimensional dynamic response of long, flexible bridge decks to wind, particularly with the modern cable-stayed bridge in view. There are some particular motivations for the approach presently used. First, it has been observed that the bridge deck, the principal attractor of aerodynamic forces, undergoes three-dimensional motion having not only vertical and twist components, but lateral sway as well. This is a pronounced feature of many cable-stayed bridge vibration modes; and, since lateral sway can play a strong, contributory role in total aeroelastic action, it is important that its effects be included. Second, under buffeting by turbulent wind, total bridge response is random in the time domain, precluding the direct expression of aeroelastic forces via the well-known flutter derivatives which are applicable only to harmonic motion. In principle their role must be supplanted for general motions by the integrated effects of those motions as weighted by the corresponding aerodynamic indicial functions. However, to date such indicial functions have themselves been derived only through inverse Fourier transformation of experimentally obtained flutter derivatives; hence there exists an impetus to carry out the entire analysis in the frequency domain, where the original flutter derivatives can be used directly. The details of this procedure and its consequences regarding both the stability and level of bridge deck response are pursued in the body of the paper.     

基于主动格栅脉动流场的抖振力测试与相关性研究

为了探究钝体断面在紊流作用下抖振力的相关性机理,以矩形桥梁断面为例,在主动格栅产生的脉动流场中,通过测压试验并结合不同相关性模型拟合方法,研究了在不同脉动频率下抖振力的空间分布特性。对比探究矩形桥梁断面在静止状态以及运动状态抖振力空间相关性的变化,并利用matlab进一步分解自激力与抖振力,以此来分析自激力对抖振力展向相关性的影响;同时,通过天平测力试验(同步测压)对比了两种不同测力方法的试验结果。试验结果表明抖振阻力跨向相关性伴随着频率和跨向间距的增大而减小,在气动自激力的影响下,抖振力的跨向相关性能得到一定程度的提高,并高于来流脉动风速的相关性。     

多塔斜拉桥风致抖振响应的粘滞阻尼器控制研究

以六塔斜拉桥型的嘉绍大桥为工程背景,基于ANSYS瞬态动力学分析功能进行了嘉绍大桥风致抖振响应的非线性时域分析,在此基础上研究了采用粘滞阻尼器的多塔斜拉桥结构减振控制效果。研究结果表明:1) 多塔斜拉桥主梁和桥塔风振控制存在最大减振率,阻尼指数α愈小,最大减振率对应的阻尼系数c也愈小;2) 嘉绍大桥主梁跨中处设置刚性铰使主梁横桥向抖振响应显著增大,设置粘滞阻尼器后主梁中跨横向位移的最大减振率达到近50%;3) 嘉绍大桥采用次边塔与主梁固结的部分约束体系,使得次边塔的塔底内力明显大于其余塔的塔底内力,设置粘滞阻尼器后次边塔塔底内力的最大减振率达到近55%;4) 设置粘滞阻尼器使得多塔斜拉桥各塔和各梁跨的风振响应幅值趋于一致。因此,对于抖振响应相对较小的塔和梁跨其减振效果相对较小。     

重载列车引起的大跨度斜拉桥拉索振动研究

采用子结构法研究了重载列车引起的大跨度铁路斜拉桥拉索非线性振动问题。首先基于线性桥梁空间有限元模型,采用车-桥耦合动力学理论计算得到斜拉索锚固点动力响应;然后将该动力响应作为斜拉索端部激励,采用自编的基于CR列式法(Co-rotational Formulation)的拉索非线性动力有限元程序,计算斜拉索非线性动力响应。以荆岳铁路洞庭湖三塔斜拉桥为例,开展了车致斜拉桥拉索振动分析,结果表明:在设计时速范围内,重载列车作用下,斜拉桥索端激励与拉索固有频率两者不存在明显的匹配关系,车致拉索振动响应为一个准静态过程;通过进一步对比不同计算方案,即车-桥耦合振动、移动轴重瞬态分析与移动轴重影响线加载对拉索响应的影响,发现对于大跨度铁路斜拉桥而言,由于车-桥耦合振动效应不显著,采用移动轴重影响线加载方法得到的拉索应力结果具有足够精度。