非金属矿物填产表面改性研究进展

综述了非金属矿物填料表面改性技术的方法，工艺设备、改性剂及其作用机理，并详细介绍了主要非金属填料的表面改性及应用进展。     

矿物填料湿法超细表面改性工艺的影响因素与特点

非金属矿物是重要的工业矿物原料，作为工业制品填料是非金属矿物最主要的应用领域，矿物填料已被广泛用于塑料、橡胶、涂料、造纸等众多工业部门。不断研究、完善和改进非金属矿物的加工技术，增大其综合利用价值，最大限度地发挥矿物填料在工业制品中的作用具有十分重要的意义。表面改性是非金属矿物重要的深加工技术之一，是塑料和橡胶中使用的功能性矿物填料的必要加工手段，目的是提高和改善制品力学性能。多年来，有关矿物填料表面改性的研究与推广应用都取得了很大成绩，并逐步形成了传统的加工生产工艺，即采用捏合机通过搅拌物料和…     

“非金属矿物功能填料表面改性技术与装备”通过鉴定

2014年5月25日,中国建筑材料联合会在北京组织召开了由中国矿业大学(北京)、江阴市启泰非金属工程有限公司、福建陶金峰新材料有限公司、山西泰华工贸有限公司、四川石棉巨丰粉体有限公司共同完成的"非金属矿物功能填料表面改性技术与装备"成果鉴定会。     

重质碳酸钙/硅灰石复合填料的填充性能与填充增强原理研究

研究了简单混合、研磨复合以及表面改性后的重质碳酸钙 /硅灰石复合活性填料填充PVC材料的力学性能与填充增强原理。结果表明 ,与单一填料及简单混合后的重质碳酸钙 /硅灰石填料相比 ,研磨复合及表面改性后的重质碳酸钙 /硅灰石复合活性填料可以显著增强PVC材料的力学性能。这种复合活性填料的主要填充增强原理是复合活化增强以及颗粒粒度和形状配合增强 ,即两种不同无机非金属矿物粉体混合后的化学组成和结构复杂化、复合加工后的表面活性化、表面改性后与高聚物基料的相容化以及在填充材料中的取向和堆砌效应的优化     

非金属矿物超细及表面改性加工技术

1．应用与市场 在塑料、橡胶、涂料、胶粘剂等高分子复台材料领域，非金属矿物粉体填料占有很重要的地位。由于矿物粉体填料与高分子聚合物之间的相容性决定了复合材料的性能，需对无机矿物进行超细及表面改性处理．以改善其表面物理化学特性和分散度，从而达到提高制品性能和通过填充来达到降低制品成本的目的。目前市场对细度在400-2500目的非金属矿微粉的需求量较大，随着复合材料工业的发展，对各类工业矿物填料的将会继续增加。     

基于文献和专利分析的有机防火涂料矿物阻燃填料发展趋势研究

矿物阻燃填料是传统防火涂料的重要组成部分。基于中国知网数据库、Web of Science数据库和国家知识产权局数据库,检索了1990年至2022年有机防火涂料中矿物阻燃填料研究的文献,介绍了矿物阻燃填料的研究应用情况。文献检索及专利分析表明：进入21世纪以后,国内外对矿物阻燃填料在有机防火涂料中的应用研究关注度呈增长趋势,研究热点主要集中在钢结构防火涂料、阻燃机理、表面改性、热稳定性等方面,矿物阻燃填料研究种类从以氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁为主逐渐转为以氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、可膨胀石墨和黏土矿物为主,种类多样化、成分多样化和结构复杂化是近年来有机防火涂料中矿物阻燃填料的研究趋势,矿物阻燃填料的纳米化、协同阻燃以及表面改性等技术将不断得到发展。     

废印刷电路板非金属粉负载二氧化硅杂化填料的制备及其在不饱和聚酯中的应用

为增强废印刷电路板非金属粉(WPCBP)与聚合物基体之间的界面结合作用,采用溶胶-凝胶法在WPCBP表面原位负载了一层纳米二氧化硅粒子(SiO2),制备了一种新型的WPCBP-SiO2杂化填料.SEM、TGA和FTIR证明SiO2通过化学键成功负载到了杂化填料的表面.采用含双键的界面改性剂对杂化填料进行改性后,应用于不饱和聚酯树脂基体,探讨了未改性杂化填料及表面改性杂化填料对不饱和聚酯复合材料的力学性能、界面结合作用和热稳定性能的影响.结果表明,新型的杂化填料WPCBP-SiO2能够与不饱和聚酯基体形成强的界面结合作用,显著提高不饱和聚酯复合材料的力学性能和热稳定性能,且表面改性后复合材料的各项性能得到进一步提高.     

改性非金属矿物材料用于重金属污染处理的研究进展

天然矿物材料常被称作"万能材料",其中天然非金属矿物材料近几年被应用于环境污染,尤其是重金属污染治理当中。由于受到重金属种类、污染程度和环境因素的影响,天然非金属矿物材料处理重金属污染的效率有所降低。研究表明,通过表面活性剂活化、有机改性等方法能够显著提高天然非矿物材料处理重金属污染的效率。文章对应用非金属矿物处理重金属污染的发展现状、存在的问题和未来发展的方向做出了阐述。     

废印刷电路板非金属粉负载二氧化硅杂化填料的制备及其在不饱和聚酯中的应用

为增强废印刷电路板非金属粉(WPCBP)与聚合物基体之间的界面结合作用,采用溶胶-凝胶法在WPCBP表面原位负载了一层纳米二氧化硅粒子(SiO_2),制备了一种新型的WPCBP-SiO_2杂化填料。SEM、TGA和FTIR证明SiO_2通过化学键成功负载到了杂化填料的表面。采用含双键的界面改性剂对杂化填料进行改性后,应用于不饱和聚酯树脂基体,探讨了未改性杂化填料及表面改性杂化填料对不饱和聚酯复合材料的力学性能、界面结合作用和热稳定性能的影响。结果表明,新型的杂化填料WPCBP-SiO_2能够与不饱和聚酯基体形成强的界面结合作用,显著提高不饱和聚酯复合材料的力学性能和热稳定性能,且表面改性后复合材料的各项性能得到进一步提高。     

废印刷电路板非金属粉增强及磨碎玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯力学性能

分别用废印刷电路板(PCB)非金属粉、磨碎玻璃纤维作为增强材料,采用熔融共混方法制备了聚丙烯(PP)基复合材料,并通过其力学性能试验和缺口冲击断面、废PCB非金属粉、磨碎玻璃纤维的形貌观察,分析研究了两种增强材料及表面改性对复合材料力学性能的影响。实验结果表明：废PCB非金属粉/PP复合材料力学性能得到了明显提高,其中拉伸强度、拉伸模量、弯曲强度和弯曲模量最大增幅分别为28%、41%、86%和133%;废PCB非金属粉与磨碎玻璃纤维都能作为PP增强填料,但其韧性降低;表面改性对废PCB非金属粉/PP复合材料力学性能的影响不大,但是对磨碎玻璃纤维/PP复合材料力学性能的影响大;废 PCB非金属粉/PP复合材料综合力学性能高于磨碎玻璃纤维/PP复合材料,可代替磨碎玻璃纤维作为PP基复合材料的增强填料,不仅可以减少环境污染,实现资源再利用,而且大大降低复合材料成本。     

Processing of Ultra-Fine Materials

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Depending on their application, the non-metallic minerals arc classified as either “constructional” or “industrial” minerals. Use of the industrial minerals as fillers, extenders, and for reinforcing is constantly on the increase. The objective of using these industrial minerals is to improve the performance of many products, and to reduce their manufacturing costs. This development is also connected to a change of the industrial mineral market. Adding value to industrial minerals is the current task of many companies. The techniques employed for adding value may be physical, chemical, or both. It is often economically wiser to supply not the coarsely pre-crushed raw material, but rather the ready-to-use product, finely ground to a controlled PSD.     

Effects of chemical treatments of hybrid fillers on the physical and thermal properties of wood plastic composites

Hybrid filler reinforced composites are considered as a high performance materials, but limited numbers of researches on hybridizations of wood fibers and mineral fillers were reported. Generally, high amount of filler content in composites can lead to the reduction of interfacial adhesion between matrix polymer and fillers, and it limits their applications. In this study, we measured the changes of tensile strength, water absorption, and thermal properties of composites after chemical treatments to wood fibers and mineral fillers. Coupling agent had its own optimum amount for wood fibers and talc to obtain the highest tensile strength. Talc addition showed little effect of the tensile strength with alkali treated wood fibers. Talc addition and silane treatment showed opposite effects on water absorption. Melting enthalpy was decreased by addition of the fillers because of the reduced amount of the crystallizable resin and because of the interference of the fillers for crystallization process.     

Multicomponent compounding of polypropylene

The simultaneous compounding of polypropylene with several mineral fillers was investigated. The mineral fillers were selected on the basis of their size and shape which was spherical (glass beads), sheet-like (mica) or fibrous (wollastonite). In addition, one filler with a considerably smaller particle size (fly ash) was selected. The results of single components were as expected. In multicomponent compounding, the best mechanical properties were attained by the simultaneous use of two or more fillers. This was true for all mechanical properties. In the light of the results, it is evident that the need for a matrix polymer and other fillers can be reduced by the use of a filler with a small particle size without impairing the mechanical properties of the composite. It seems that multicomponent compounding yields somewhat better properties than single-component mineral compounding of thermoplastics. In practice, multicomponent compounding is possible using the same process as for single-component compounding.     

Synergy in hybrid polymer/nanocarbon composites. A review

The aim of this review article is to report the most recent developments in the understanding of and beliefs about the properties of polymer hybrid composites that are reinforced with various combinations of nanometer-sized carbon and mineral fillers. The discussions are primarily focused on an analysis and comparison of the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. It is shown that the introduction of a mixed (hybrid) system of filler nanoparticles into polymer matrices enhances the macro- and microproperties of the composites as a result of the synergistic interactions between the fillers and the simultaneous creation of a unique filler network in the polymer. The synergy of various types of carbon nanofillers and combinations of nanocarbon materials with inorganic fillers manifests itself as modifications of most of the properties of hybrid polymer composites relative to the properties of a polymer system containing a single filler. The reinforcing effect is related to the structure and particle geometry of the hybrid fillers, the interactions between the fillers, the concentrations and the processing methods.The existence of synergy between different types of carbon nanofillers, as well as with mineral fillers, shows great potential and could significantly increase applications of carbon-based nanomaterials.     

Accelerated weathering of wood–polypropylene composites containing minerals

Accelerated weathering tests were carried out on wood–polypropylene composites containing minerals. Three different mineral fillers were studied: calcium carbonate, wollastonite and talc. Colour changes were evaluated after distinct periods; the total time of exposure of the composites to UV irradiation was 2000 h. The weathering resulted in significant colour fading of the composites. The composites containing mineral fillers had higher changes of colour (lightness) than the reference composite. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed deterioration of the polymer surface layer in all weathered composites. Exposure of the reference composite to UV irradiation resulted in the disappearance of the polypropylene surface layer and disclosure of wood fibres, which led to a higher drop in the lignin content of this composite compared to mineral-containing composites. A substitution of part of the wood with mineral fillers resulted in decreased water absorption and thickness swelling of mineral-containing composites, compared to the reference composite. Exposure to water immersion-freeze–thaw cyclic treatment and UV irradiation led to a decrease in the Charpy impact strength of the composites, except for the composite containing talc.     

Effects of limestone fillers on surface free energy and electrical conductivity of the interstitial solution of cement mixes

Most of concrete formulations actually contain mineral additives that are used as an inert filler or supplementary cementitious material (as type II addition). These materials are generally used in order to increase concrete performances both in its fresh and hardened states. The mineral additives usually improve the consistency and workability of fresh concrete and reduce the water demand for a required concrete slump because of an additional volume of fines. The way of action depends on the physical and chemical characteristics of fillers. The study of surface free energies and electric conductivities of interstitial solutions of cement mixes modified by blast furnace slags and limestone fillers contributes to a better knowledge of hardening and interaction process.     

不饱和聚酯复合材料的改性研究

综述了不饱和聚酯复合材料改性方面的最新发展．介绍了不饱和聚酯复合材料在表面、界面、低收缩改性以及天然纤维和无机物增强方面的研究,并着重介绍了不饱和聚酯／层状硅酸盐蚋米复合材料的制备和性能．     

Sensitivity series and friction surface analysis of non-metallic friction materials

Nine non-metallic friction material formulations contained fibers, fillers and binder without strong abrasives were designed using Golden Section sequence combined with least-square method. Seven ingredients used without strong abrasives were selected based on the combinatorial approach. Wear (w) and coefficient of friction (μ) are expressed as a function of volume fraction of the ingredients selected as and . The formulations were optimized using the sensitivity series obtained from least-square method. An optimized formulation (S-10) was obtained with a total wear loss of 6.69 wt% and an average μ of 0.375. Friction surface of both brake pad and disc was observed using SEM, EDX and XRD. The non-metallic friction materials without abrasives exhibit unique friction performance and phenomena compared with the non-metallic friction materials with abrasives and semi-metallic brake linings. The temperature measured during friction is lower and the oxidation of the cast iron disc is not rigorous.     

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy study of an organic–mineral composite for bone and dental substitute materials

A new injectable biomaterial for bone and dental surgery is a composite consisting of a polymer as a matrix and bioactive calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics as fillers. The stability of the polymer is essential in the production of a ready-to-use injectable sterilized biomaterial. The purpose of this study was to detect possible polymer degradation which may have been caused by the interaction with the fillers using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Composites containing CaP fillers (biphasic calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite and peroxidized hydroxyapatite) and polymer (hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose) were prepared. To investigate the properties of the polymer, the inorganic and organic phases of the composite were separated using several extraction methods. The difficulty in separating the organic (polymer) from the mineral (CaP fillers) phases in the composite investigated in this study suggested the presence of strong interactions between the two phases. Spectra of extracted polymers showed new absorption bands of low intensities and indications that some chemical modifications of the original polymers have occurred. Results also indicated that the filler composition has an effect on the integrity of the polymer.     

A numerical investigation of the potential of rubber and mineral particles for toughening of semicrystalline polymers

The impact strength of many semicrystalline polymers can be improved by the dispersion of second-phase rubber particles. A criterion for the effect of this practice is based on the average interparticle matrix ligament thickness. The critical interparticle distance, below which a substantial toughness increase can be observed, is considered to be an intrinsic material property of the matrix. A toughening mechanism has recently been suggested which considers a layer of transcrystallized material around well-dispersed particles, having a reduced yield strength in certain preferentially oriented directions, thereby opening the possibility of using mineral fillers. In this work, the potential of toughening of semicrystalline polymeric material by local anisotropy in combination with soft rubber and hard mineral filler particles is investigated. The matrix material is modeled within the framework of anisotropic Hill plasticity with a rate dependent and hardening yield stress. Various particle/matrix interface conditions are used to study the role of debonding and cavitation. The presence of debonded moderately stiff or hard fillers is found to affect the shear yielding effect of local anisotropy that was found for voided material.