Thermal tests of the 9FB gas turbine unit produced by general electric

In July 2011, a PGU-410 combined-cycle power plant was commissioned at the Srendeuralsk district power station owned by Enel OGK-5. The main equipment of this power plant includes an MS9001FB gas turbine unit (produced by GE Energy Power Plant Systems, the United States), a heat recovery boiler (produced by Nooter/Ericsen, the United States), and a >Skoda KT-140-13.3 two-cylinder condensing and cogeneration turbine with steam reheating. In 2011–2012, specialists of the All-Russia Thermal Engineering Institute carried out thermal tests of this power plant in a wide range of loads and under different external conditions. The results from thermal tests of the MS9001FB gas turbine unit are presented and analyzed. The actual indicators of the gas turbine unit and its elements are determined and their characteristics are constructed.     

自然循环双压燃气轮机余热锅炉动态特性分析

为深入了解自然循环双压燃气轮机余热锅炉动态特性,基于Matlab/Simulink仿真系统,根据锅炉工作机理和结构特性,并充分考虑管束传热的影响,采用集总参数法建立了余热锅炉动态仿真数学模型,分析变工况运行时,燃气轮机排气温度、排气流量、高压给水流量分别扰动10%的条件下,锅炉主要参数的动态响应特性。结果表明,燃气轮机排气温度变化对余热锅炉各热力参数的影响最大,排气流量的影响次之,高压给水流量对蒸汽参数影响很小。仿真结果与锅炉实际运行数据基本一致,表明模型具有较高的精度和良好的通用性,能正确反映锅炉的动态特性,可为同类型锅炉热态运行提供合理的技术参考。     

联合循环热电联产机组参数优化及变工况性能分析

联合循环热电联产机组热效率高、污染小,具有广阔的应用前景。研究了联合循环热电联产机组效率的计算方法,并基于三菱MHPS 501GAC机组建立了热平衡模型,分析对比了不同蒸汽参数下联合循环热电联产机组的发电功率、机组热效率等性能指标。同时研究了机组在不同环境温度、大气压力、相对湿度、供热量等变工况状态下的性能。     

Using energy balances for processing the results from tests of a single-shaft combined-cycle power plant

Application of the balance method for dividing the overall power output produced by a single-shaft combined-cycle power plant between the steam turbine and gas turbine unit is considered. It is shown that the method can be used for obtaining trustworthy results of thermal tests. The effect of air flowrate taken for gas turbine cooling purposes on the gas turbine unit parameters and indicators is estimated.     

双速异步发电机应用于风力发电中的仿真分析

利用Simulink仿真软件建立了双速电机并网的仿真模型。对仿真模型进行了验证,并对各种并网过程进行了仿真,得出了大小电机切换过程中定子电流和转速随时间的变化曲线。通过该模型对电机切换过程的仿真分析,为双速电机切换控制的系统实现提供了理论依据,同时对风力发电机的设计、运行、控制和保护提供了理论参考。     

面向物理对象的汽轮机数字电液控制系统 Simulink模型与仿真

针对火力发电厂汽轮机数字电液控制系统在Matlab／Simulink环境下对系统进行了动态建模、仿真．提出了面向物理对象的建模仿真方法。该方法推动了汽轮机调节保护系统虚拟实验室的建立，促进电力企业对汽轮机DEH系统动态特性的研究。     

600MW超临界机组非线性模型的仿真研究

基于某电厂600 MW超临界机组控制系统,选取一个三输入两输出的机组控制系统模型,在此基础上利用Matlab软件仿真工具Simulink搭建起整个机组协调控制系统模型。通过对机组主蒸汽压力、主蒸汽流量、调速级一级压力、机组功率等参数实际运行曲线与仿真模型的仿真曲线相比较,仿真模型各参数曲线与机组实际运行曲线基本吻合,具有典型的非线性特征。此模型的建立也为相关内容的研究提供了借鉴。     

Experiences in modelling the performance of generating plant for frequency response studies on the British transmission grid

Significant changes to the generation mix on the British transmission system have occurred in the past 10 years, and this trend is expected to continue in the future with an increase in renewable generation. This change, in conjunction with market changes, has driven the need to establish suitable generator models for thermal plant used in dynamic response studies. These studies are presently used to quantify the dynamic requirement that secures the transmission system against large instantaneous losses of power. This paper provides an account of the experiences gained in modelling the performance of generators based in Great Britain. Established governor models to represent the behaviour of traditional coal and oil fired plant already exist and comments are made on their performance against system incidents. Models of combined cycle units using traditional open cycle gas turbine models have shown poor correspondence with monitored grid data in simulations. A gas and steam turbine governor model to represent combined cycle plant was developed, and is presented, with results from validation trials against recorded test data. Improvements in simulating grid frequency have been demonstrated using the developed models in a full network simulation of a recent generator loss event.     

大型“二拖一”燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组仿真机的研制与开发

系统介绍了M701F型“二拖一”燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组仿真机的研发背景、硬件配置;阐述了以CyberSim图模库一体化通用仿真支撑平台为核心的仿真支撑系统的技术特点、软件构成以及燃气轮机数学模型。利用该仿真系统实现了“二拖一”燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组全工况实时仿真。测试结果表明,燃气轮机、余热锅炉、蒸汽轮机及发电机等模型精度均达到了仿真机设计要求,且具有良好的静态精度和正确的动态响应特性。该仿真机除了可对运行人员进行培训外,还可用于电厂控制策略优化及运行方式分析与研究。     

Construction and power generation characteristics of H2O turbine power generation system utilizing waste heat from factories

A new gas turbine power generation system has been proposed, in which the steam (H₂O) produced by utilizing waste heat from factories is used as the working fluid of gas turbine. A simulation model has been constructed to estimate power generation characteristics of the proposed system by adopting C++ language. It has been shown from simulation results that the proposed system has high exergetic efficiency, that is, the total exergetic efficiency is 46.3% and fuel‐based efficiency is 56.3% for a case where steam with a temperature of 275 °C produced from a garbage incineration plant is used. Sensitivity analysis has also been carried out when usable steam temperature and pressure is changed, together with the case when condenser outlet pressure is changed. Characteristics of a dual fluid gas turbine cycle power generation system (DFGT) have also been estimated in this study. It has been shown that the proposed system has 16.9% higher exergetic efficiency and 41.8% higher fuel‐base exergetic efficiency compared with DFGT. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 130(1): 38–47, 2000     

一种基于PSS和模糊PID控制的运行工况波动下柴油发电机调速系统研究

核电厂柴油发电机需要具备起动速度快、有功功率大、供电时间长、可靠性高、带载性能好等特点,而机组的调速系统作为机组的核心控制部件,对机组的稳定可靠运行起着至关重要的作用。为解决柴油发电机在外电网运行状况波动时传统调速控制方法引起的低频振荡等问题,提出了一种基于电力系统稳定器（PSS）和模糊PID控制的柴油发电机调速方法。基于MATLAB Simulink仿真软件搭建柴油发电机调速系统模型,将实际工程运行数据与基于PSS和PID的转速控制方法进行仿真对比。结果表明该方法具有较高的适应性和鲁棒性,不仅提高了柴油机转速的控制精度,还加强了端电压与功率的稳定。     

确定汽轮机调速系统模型参数的简捷方法

汽轮机调速系统模型参数的确定,对各种热力发电机组的仿真、控制系统的设计及电力系统动态研究具有重大意义。通过蒸汽发电机组有效热平衡数据计算出汽轮机模型参数,得出各种不同工况下参数的变化规律,比实测法更方便简捷实用。对600MW超临界机组汽轮机调速系统的模型参数进行分析计算,并用该模型针对特殊的阶跃响应作出仿真和分析。     

Studying the effect the parameters of steam power cycle have on the economic efficiency and reliability of three-loop combined-cycle plants with steam reheating

We consider the effect the temperatures and pressures in the high- and intermediate-pressure loops have on the economic characteristics of the heat-recovery boiler, steam turbine cylinders, and steam turbine unit of the combined-cycle plant and on the final content of moisture in the steam turbine.     

整体煤气化联合循环系统变工况特性研究

采用ThermoFlex软件建立了200 MW级整体煤气化联合循环(integrated gasification combined cycle,IGCC)系统模型,从系统的角度出发计算研究了200 MW级IGCC系统的变工况特性。详细讨论了燃气轮机负荷、大气环境条件和整体空分系数对系统性能的影响。结果表明,燃气轮机采用压气机进口可转导叶角度调节–等燃气透平初温的调节方式降负荷时,燃气透平排气温度先增加后降低,而系统效率先缓慢降低后快速降低。随大气温度增加,燃气轮机功率、汽轮机功率和系统净功率均下降。在大气温度不变的条件下,大气压力对燃气轮机效率和系统净效率基本没有影响。增加整体空分系数可提高系统净效率,却使系统净功率降低。     

发电机变更对双馈风电机组低电压穿越能力的影响研究

为了研究相同容量不同型号的发电机对双馈风力发电机组低电压穿越能力的影响,文章以实际运行的1.5 MW某型号风力发电机组为基础,通过对低电压穿越前后的稳态和暂态运行过程进行理论分析,论证了更换发电机的可行性,并对发电机更换导致的参数变化对机组低电压穿越能力的影响展开了定量研究。建立经过第三方认证的机组Matlab/Simulink数学模型后,将两种型号的发电机等效电路参数送入模型进行仿真,取得反映机组运行状态的主要技术指标。通过对比分析,明确了发电机变更对机组低电压穿越能力影响的定性结论,为工程实际提供了理论指导,也为目前风力发电机组低电压穿越能力检测方法的改进工作提供了思路。     

风电接入对海上油田平台电网稳定性的影响

孤立电网接入风电可以节约燃料,降低运行成本。受风电特性的影响,风电穿透功率使电网在节约燃料的同时,也对电网稳定性造成了很大的影响。文章建立了包括燃气轮机在内的电网模型和多极永磁同步风力发电机模型,评价了由燃气轮发电机供电的海上油田平台孤立电网接入风电时的电网稳定性,并通过仿真研究了该海上油田平台孤立电网接入风电的最大穿透功率。PSCAD/EMTDC的仿真结果和中国海洋石油总公司建造的海上风力发电站的成功并网均表明,文中的平台电网能保持电网频率和负荷电压在规定的范围内。     

直流炉机组简化非线性模型及仿真应用

通过合理简化和机制分析,建立适用于直流炉机组协调控制系统控制器设计的简化非线性数学模型。建模时考虑制粉环节、减温水环节和回热加热对过程输出的影响。该模型以燃料量指令、总给水流量、汽轮机阀门开度为输入,以汽轮机功率、主蒸汽压力和汽水分离器出口焓为输出。结合某1 000 MW超超临界机组运行数据辨识得到了在50%负荷到100%负荷范围内工作的机组模型参数。对模型进行了开环阶跃扰动实验和现场运行数据对比实验。仿真结果表明,模型开环动态特性与实际机组开环特性在本质上一致,且具有一定精度,可以用来设计协调控制系统控制器。     

新疆主电网发电机进相试验与数据分析

新疆主电网近几年发电机开展了进相运行,通过进相试验总结了这些发电机进相运行的特点.以吉林台水电站2号水轮发电机和玛纳斯发电厂3号汽轮发电机进相试验数据为例,论述利用曲线拟合的方法,得到发电机进相运行的P-Q及发电机定子端部温升的拟合曲线及拟合公式,并从拟合误差数据判断拟合的效果,对发电机进相运行具有一定的指导意义.     

Results of Steam-Water-Oxygen Treatment of the Inside of Heating Surfaces in Heat-Recovery Steam Generators of the PGU-800 Power Unit at the Perm’ District Thermal Power Station

Prestarting, postinstallation steam-water-oxygen treatment (SWOT) of the natural circulation/steam reheat heat-recovery steam generators (HRSG) manufactured by OAO Krasny Kotelshchik was performed at the PGU-800 power unit of the Perm District Thermal Power Station (GRES). Prior to SWOT, steam-oxygen cleaning, passivation, and preservation of gas condensate heaters (GCH) of HRSGs were performed for 10 h using 1.3MPa/260°С/70 t/h external steam. After that, test specimens were cut out that demonstrated high strength of the passivating film. SWOT of the inside of the heating surfaces was carried out during no-load operation of the gas turbine unit with an exhaust temperature of 280–300°С at the HRSG inlet. The steam turbine was shutdown, and the generated steam was discharged into the atmosphere. Oxygen was metered into the discharge pipeline of the electricity-driven feed pumps and downcomers of the evaporators. The behavior of the concentration by weight of iron compounds and the results of investigation of cutout specimens by the drop or potentiometric method indicate that the steam-water-oxygen process makes it possible to remove corrosion products and reduce the time required to put a boiler into operation. Unlike other processes, SWOT does not require metal-intensive cleaning systems, temporary metering stations, and structures for collection of the waste solution.     

Thermal tests of the SGT5-4000F gas-turbine plant of the PGU-420T power-generating unit at Combined Heat And Power Plant 16 of Mosenergo

In December 2014, the PGU-420T power-generating unit was put into operation at the Combined Heat and Power Plant 16, an affiliated company of PAO Mosenergo. In 2014–2015, thermal tests of the SGT5- 4000F gas-turbine plant (GTP) integrated into the power-generating unit were carried out. In the article, the test conditions are described and the test results are presented and analyzed. During the tests, 92 operating modes within a wide range of electrical loads and ambient air temperatures and operating conditions of the GTP when fired with fuel oil were investigated. In the tests, an authorized automated measuring system was applied. The experimental data were processed according to ISO 2314:2009 “Gas turbines—Acceptance tests” standard. The available capacity and the GTP efficiency vary from 266 MW and 38.8% to 302 MW and 39.8%, respectively, within the ambient air temperature range from +24 to–12°С, while the turbine inlet temperature decreases from 1200 to 1250°С. The switch to firing fuel oil results in a reduction in the turbine inlet temperature and the capacity of the GTP. With the full load and a reduction in the ambient temperature from +24 to–12°C, the compressor efficiency decreases from 89.6 to 86.4%. The turbine efficiency is approximately 89–91%. Within the investigated range of power output, the emissions of nitrogen oxides do not exceed 35 ppm for the gas-fired plant and 65 ppm for the fuel-oil-fired plant. Within the range of the GTP power output from 50 to 100% of the rated output, the combustion chamber operates without underburning and with hardly any CO being formed. At low loads close to the no-load operation mode, the CO emissions drastically increase.