Study of dynamics of a rotating rotor in active magnetic bearings

The construction of the control system is considered using the dynamics of an electromagnet-rotor on the basis of standard PID controllers. It is shown that one can provide ample resources on the stabilization in the gap of a stationary rotor, as well as a rotating one, under the separate control with linear laws for each electromagnet. The results of modeling confirm the possibility of achieving the desired dynamics of the rotating rotor with the influence of acting perturbations.     

Time‐domain simulation of the full hydrodynamic model

A simple upwind discretization of the highly coupled non‐linear differential equations which define the hydrodynamic model for semiconductors is given in full detail. The hydrodynamic model is able to describe inertia effects which play an increasing role in different fields of opto‐ and microelectronics. A silicon n⁺−n−n⁺‐structure is simulated, using the energy‐balance model and the full hydrodynamic model. Results for stationary cases are then compared, and it is pointed out where the energy‐balance model, which is implemented in most of today's commercial semiconductor device simulators, fails to describe accurately the electron dynamics. Additionally, a GaAs n⁺−n−n⁺‐structure is simulated in time domain in order to illustrate the importance of inertia effects at high frequencies in modern submicron devices. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

导轴承与推力轴承耦合作用下水电机组的横向振动研究

本文研究了推力轴承与导轴承对水轮发电机组的耦合作用。用有限元法建立了轴系横向振动力学模型,采用复模态分析方法计算了机组轴系统横向回转振动的自振频率及临界转速。分析了推力轴承与导轴承耦合作用对立式机组轴系统稳定性的影响,为考虑推力轴承作用的立式水轮发电机组轴系动力设计提供了理论基础。     

水轮机可倾瓦轴承承载性能计算及试验研究

在我国大型水轮机组中,流体支承可倾瓦滑动轴承由于有更优的减振性能和承载能力,已广泛应用于水力机械中。为了探究其在实际工程中的承载性能,本文首先介绍其动力润滑原理,根据Reynolds方程及内-外层油膜流量平衡方程、Walther“黏-温”方程,建立了流体支承可倾瓦的油膜压力分布计算模型,基于MATLAB编程数值求解,结果表明内层动压油膜呈“双峰型”分布,静压层油膜在静压腔内为定值,并且在试验的各工况下轴瓦处于单侧浮动状态。对内径125 mm的三瓦流体支承可倾瓦滑动轴承研制了倒置式轴承试验台,并在不同工况下进行了油膜压力的测试,结果表明相比于外载荷,转速对轴承承载性能的影响更明显,在设计轴承时应优先考虑转速的影响。当轴承在较高转速工作时,油膜呈现较大的刚度,具有良好的承载性能,能满足水轮机组的使用性能要求。研究结果为流体支承可倾瓦滑动轴承的性能分析和优化设计提供一定的参考依据。     

200 MW发电机转子轴颈磨损对密封油系统的影响及处理方法

分析了某发电厂200 MW汽轮发电机组密封油系统运行不稳定的原因,指出由于发电机转子轴颈磨损造成密封瓦内部油压分布不均、密封油信号指令不准确,最终导致密封油系统运行不稳定。阐述了此类故障的征兆、分析过程和判断依据,提出了相应的处理方法。     

导磁导电复合笼条转子感应电动机性能计算

为了研究既导磁又导电的复合材料作为高功率电机的转子材料时对其性能的影响,对37k W感应电动机进行了复合材料和普通铸铝材料的对比分析。采用二维电磁场有限元计算方法,建立了37k W感应电动机的数学模型和物理模型进行分析。在考虑工艺可行性的情况下,优化设计了三种适合复合笼条嵌入的转子槽型,分析复合材料放置位置对电机起动性能和运行性能的影响。同时,改变转子槽内合金材料的宽度,分析复合材料放置面积对电机起动和运行性能的影响,并与采用相同机座号的普通铸铝材料的感应电动机进行性能比较,证明了复合笼条转子应用于37k W感应电动机具有优越的起动性能和良好的运行性能,为新型感应电机设计和电工材料的选取提供一定的可行参考。     

Calculation of HVDC-converter harmonics in frequency domain withregard to asymmetries and comparison with time domain simulations

In order to study the effects of large HVDC power converters on the feeding AC networks, it is of importance to explain and to calculate harmonic phenomena which are a result of power converter operation. During commissioning of real HVDC power converters, it could be seen that harmonics resulting from asymmetry in the system voltages or from asymmetry in power converter operation led to significant difficulties concerning the system design. For this reason, not only the effects of characteristics but also the effects of noncharacteristic converter harmonics must be taken into account. The aim is to describe the steady state harmonic behavior of the converter. The harmonic spectra are not determined by time domain analysis but instead the solution is found by frequency domain calculations. This can result in reduced calculation time in comparison to conventional Fourier analysis of the time functions. The power converter is interpreted as an amplitude modulator with voltage and current converter functions which describe the coupling of the DC circuit and the AC network through the power converter. To verify the theory, comparisons of frequency domain with time domain calculations were carried out     

Generalization of the results from investigations on perfecting the design of journal bearings for large steam turbines for nuclear power stations

We present the main results obtained from investigations on perfecting the design of experimental bushes 600 mm in diameter. The effect of the structural elements and geometrical parameters on the characteristics of bearings is analyzed. Brief information is given on the results from the rig tests of an improved design of the journal bearings of the K-1000-5.9/50 steam turbine for the Bushehr nuclear power station in Iran.     

阻力型水平轴水轮机水动力及尾流特性分析

水轮机是水能利用与水力发电的核心技术装备。传统的升力型水平轴水轮机需满足一定流速条件才可获得既定的效率,因此该型水轮机并不适用于流速较低的区域。为了拓展水平轴水轮机的适用范围,依据阿基米德螺旋线原理,设计了两种具有不同旋叶倾角的新型阻力型水平轴水轮机,并采用计算流体力学方法对二者的水动力及尾流特性进行了三维数值模拟研究。结果表明,变角水轮机在尖速比为0.5~2.0的范围内具有更高的功率系数,且其峰值功率系数相比定角水轮机提升了16%。此外,与一些文献中所报道的升力型水轮机在尖速比为0.5~2.0的范围内相比,变角水轮机也具有较高的功率系数。以尖速比为1.5为例,其功率系数相比至少提升了60%以上。与此同时,变角水轮机在全尖速比范围内具有更低的推力系数,但其性能波动比定角水轮机要明显。流场分析显示,两种阻力型水平轴水轮机的后方均出现了呈环状螺旋形的叶尖涡带和呈条状的毂涡带,而变角水轮机的叶尖涡带和毂涡带的连续性更强,向下游发展的轨迹也更长。此外,变角水轮机的尾流恢复比定角水轮机更快。研究结果揭示了阻力型水平轴水轮机的水动力及尾流特性,为其优化设计和推广应用提供了一定的参考依据。     

结合储能后发电机转子角控制的特性分析

发电机转子角控制不仅可以参与有功调节,实现无调度干预的频率无差恢复,还可以提供阻尼转矩抑制区域间的低频振荡.现有的转子角控制使用汽轮机提供阻尼转矩,导致调门频繁动作,汽轮机寿命缩短.本文利用并联储能系统通过充放电控制可以改变发电机输出电气转矩的原理,给出一种同时控制汽轮机和储能的发电机转子角控制模式.其中,汽轮机负责跟...     

High‐order absorbing boundary conditions for the meshless radial point interpolation method in the frequency domain

The meshless radial point interpolation method (RPIM) in frequency domain for electromagnetic scattering problems is presented. This method promises high accuracy in a simple collocation approach using radial basis functions. The treatment of high‐order non‐reflecting boundary conditions for open waveguides is discussed and implemented up to fourth‐order. RPIM allows the direct calculation of high‐order spatial derivatives without the introduction of auxiliary variables. High‐order absorbing boundary conditions offer a choice of absorbing angles for each degree of spatial derivatives. For general applications, a set of these absorbing angles is calculated using global optimization. Numerical experiments show that at the same computational cost, the numerical reflections of the absorbing boundary conditions are much lower than conventional perfectly matched layers, especially at high angles of incidence. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

具有磁性和非磁性槽楔的汽轮发电机转子槽分度的计算与分析

为了研究汽轮发电机转子不同槽分度对电机电磁场的影响,以150 WM空冷汽轮发电机为例,建立了汽轮发电机的二维数学模型和物理模型。采用二维有限元方法,计算了转子带有非磁性槽楔和磁性槽楔时不同槽分度下的电磁场及发电机的饱和电抗值,并在此基础上研究了不同槽分度情况下非磁性和磁性材料的3种转子槽楔对发电机定、转子损耗的影响。计算结果表明,转子采用弱磁性槽楔和导磁导电的Fe-Cu合金槽楔后,发电机的饱和同步电抗相对于铝合金槽楔对应的饱和同步电抗减小,同时可以有效减小气隙磁密中的谐波含量,降低表面损耗。计算结果为发电机转子磁性槽楔和槽分度的选择设计提供了理论依据。     

Turbulent flow separation and characteristics of heat transfer under unsteady hydrodynamic conditions

Results from an experimental study of hydrodynamics and heat transfer in turbulent separation flow under the conditions of its periodic pulsations are presented. It is found that an essential change occurs in the spatial and timing structure of separation flow under the effect of superimposed unsteadiness. Phenomena involving reduction of the longitudinal dimensions of the separation region and essential enhancement of heat transfer in the separation region of pulsating flow are revealed. The physical mechanism of these phenomena is described.     

Development of rotor slot insulation for turbogenerators with high electrical and mechanical characteristics

A list of slot boxes for turbogenerator rotors manufactured by JSC Holding Company Elinar is presented. The results of comparative tests are given. The advantages of new types of slot boxes are shown.