The isothermal section of the Gd–Ni–V ternary system at 773 K

The phase equilibria of the Gd–Ni–V system at 773 K were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The experimental results show no existence of ternary compounds at 773 K. The existence of 14 single-phase regions, 25 two-phase regions and 12 three-phase regions was determined. The maximum solubility of V in (Ni), Gd₂Ni₁₇, GdNi₅ and GdNi₂ was measured to be about 16 at.%, 2 at.%, 3 at.% and 2.5 at.%, respectively, while that of Gd in (Ni), Ni₃V, Ni₂V, Ni₂V₃, NiV₃ and (V) was less than 1 at.%. An isothermal section of the Gd–Ni–V system at 773 K has been presented according to the present work.     

Isothermal section of the Gd–Co–V ternary system at 773 K

The isothermal section of the phase diagram of the Gd–Co–V ternary system at 773 K was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), metallographic analysis, electron probe microanalysis, and differential thermal analysis (DTA) techniques. The isothermal section consists of 14 single-phase regions, 26 two-phase regions and 13 three-phase regions. The solid solubilities of V in the compounds Co₁₇Gd₂, Co₃Gd, Co₂Gd, Co₇Gd₁₂ and CoGd₃ were about 10.0, 2.0, 6.0, 1.2 and 5.3 at.% V, respectively. It was found that there are some homogeneity range in the only ternary compound of GdCo_12−xV_x with x = 2.6–3.7 at 773 K. No solubility of Gd in compounds Co₃V, σCoV or CoV₃ was observed. There is no solubility of V in Co₇Gd₂ or Co₃Gd₄ observed at 773 K.     

Phase relations in the Al–Pr–Sb system at 773 K

The isothermal section of the phase diagram of the Al–Pr–Sb ternary system at 773 K over the whole concentration region has been investigated mainly by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A new ternary compound Al₁₁Pr₂₄Sb₆₅ has been found.     

The isothermal section of the Er–Fe–Sb ternary system at 773 K

The phase relation of the Er–Fe–Sb ternary system at 773 K has been investigated mainly by means of X-ray powder diffraction with the aid of optical microscopy and differential thermal analysis. This section consists of 12 single-phase regions, 22 two-phase regions and 11 three-phase regions. A ternary compound Er₆FeSb₂ has been confirmed.     

Isothermal section of the Ho-Co-Fe system at 773 K

The 773 K isothermal section of the phase diagram of the Ho-Co-Fe ternary system was investigated by using X-ray diffraction technique, metallographic analysis and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis. The isothermal section of the ternary system consists of 6 three-phase regions, 16 two-phase regions and 11 single-phase regions. Three pairs of corresponding compounds of Ho-Co and Ho-Fe systems, i.e., Ho₂Co₁₇ and Ho₂Fe₁₇, HoCo₃ and HoFe₃, HoCo₂ and HoFe₂, form a continuous series of solid solution. At 773 K the compound Ho₆Fe_23−xCo_x was found to have a wide homogeneity range from 0 to 29 at.% Co. The maximum solid solubilities of Fe in Co, Ho₂Co₇, Ho₁₂Co₇ and Ho₃Co were determined to be about 10, 9, 2 and 5 at.% Fe, respectively. The maximum solid solubility of Co in Fe is found to be 78 at.% Co.     

The isothermal section of the Ti–Co–Zr ternary system at 773 K

The phase equilibria of the Ti–Co–Zr ternary system at 773 K have been investigated mainly by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive analysis (EDX). The isothermal section consists of 16 single-phase regions, 31 two-phase regions and 16 three-phase regions. There are 11 binary compounds, i.e. CoZr₃, CoZr₂, CoZr, Co₂Zr, Co₂₃Zr₆, Co₁₁Zr₂, TiCo₃, h-TiCo₂, c-TiCo₂, TiCo, Ti₂Co in the system. The existence of two ternary compounds Co₁₀Ti₇Zr₃ and Co₆₆Ti₁₇Zr₁₇ has been confirmed at 773 K. Co₂Zr, CoZr₃ and TiCo have a range of homogeneity. The solubilities of Ti in CoZr was determined to be up to 8.1 at.% Ti.     

Investigation on the isothermal section of the Gd-Ni-Y ternary system at 773 K

The isothermal section of the phase diagram of the Gd-Ni-Y ternary system at 773 K was investigated by means of X-ray powder diffraction, metallographic analysis and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis. The isothermal section consists of 12 single-phase regions, 15 two-phase regions and 4 three-phase regions. Six pairs of corresponding compounds in the Gd-Ni and Y-Ni systems, i.e., Gd₂Ni₁₇ and Y₂Ni₁₇, GdNi₅ and YNi₅, Gd₂Ni₇ and Y₂Ni₇, GdNi₃ and YNi₃, GdNi₂ and YNi₂, Gd₃Ni and Y₃Ni and metals Gd and Y form a continuous series of solid solutions, respectively. At 773 K, the maximum solubilities of Gd in YNi and Y in GdNi were about 20 at.% Gd and 8 at.% Y, respectively. No solubility of Gd in YNi₄ and Y in GdNi₄ was observed.     

Isothermal section of the Al-Dy-Ge ternary system at 673 K

The isothermal section of the phase diagram of the Al-Dy-Ge ternary system at 673 K has been investigated by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in backscattered electron imaging modes. The existence of thirteen binary compounds including Dy₃Ge₄ in the system Dy-Ge has been confirmed. Four ternary compounds, namely AlDyGe, Al₃Dy₂Ge₄, AlDy₂Ge₃, and AlDy₂Ge₂ were observed, and five new ternary compounds, i.e., Al_0.33DyGe₂, AlDy₂Ge₆, Al₂DyGe₂, AlDy₃Ge₃, and Al_3−xDy₁₁Ge_7+x (x ≤ 0.7), and one pseudo-binary compound Al_3−xDyGe_x were found in this system at 673 K. The maximum solid solubility of Ge in the pseudo-binary compounds Al_3−xDyGe_x is about 7.5 at.% with x = 0.3 at 673 K.     

The 473 K isothermal section of the Cu–Ti–Sn ternary system

The phase relationships of the Cu–Ti–Sn ternary system at 473 K have been investigated mainly by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The isothermal section consists of 17 single-phase regions, 33 two-phase regions and 17 three-phase regions. The existence of 12 binary compounds and 2 ternary compounds, namely Cu₄Ti, Cu₃Ti₂, Cu₄Ti₃, CuTi, CuTi₂, Cu₃Sn, Cu₆Sn₅, Ti₃Sn, Ti₂Sn, Ti₅Sn₃, Ti₆Sn₅, Ti₂Sn₃, CuTi₅Sn₃ and CuTiSn, are confirmed in the Cu–Ti–Sn ternary system at 473 K. No new ternary compound is found. The maximum solid solubility of Cu in Ti₆Sn₅ was approximately 10 at.% Cu.     

Solid-state phase equilibria in the Gd–Co–Al ternary system at 1173 K

A portion of the isothermal section (1173 K) of the phase diagram of the Gd–Co–Al ternary system (up to 33.3 at.% Gd) were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. Fourteen single-phase regions (including solid solution regions of the binary compounds), twenty-five two-phase regions and twelve three-phase regions were found to exist at this isothermal section. In the GdCo₂–GdAl₂ system, the existence of the GdCo_0.74Al_1.26 phase is identified and it has a composition range of 30–45 at.% Al, the maximum solid solubility of Al in GdCo₂ is about 15 at.%, and Co in GdAl₂ is about 16 at.%. Besides, the maximum solid solubility of Al in Co, Gd₂Co₁₇ and GdCo₅ is about 6, 17 and 25 at.%, respectively, the maximum solid solubility of Gd in Co, CoAl is below 2 at.% and the solid solubility range is from 47 to 61 at.% Al in CoAl phase. In this work, no new ternary compounds were observed.     

Investigation of the interaction of the components in the Y–Si–Sb system at 670 K

Phase equilibria were established in the Y–Si–Sb ternary system at 670 K. The investigation of the phase relations was based on X-ray diffraction experiments made on arc-melted alloys, which were annealed up to 720 h. The 670 K isothermal section consists of 8 three-phase, 12 two-phase and 11 single-phase regions. The formation of a solid solution of Si in the binary YSb compound (8 at.% Si) has been observed. In the Y–Si–Sb system solid solutions between the isostructural binary compounds Y₅Si₃–Y₅Sb₃ form a continuous series. One ternary compound was observed: Y₅Si₂Sb₂ (Tm₅Si₂Sb₂ str. type, Cmca space group, a=1.4971(2), b=0.7855(2) and c=0.7820(2) nm).     

Isothermal section of the Y-Co-V ternary system at 500 °C

The isothermal section of the Y-Co-V system at 500 °C has been investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Only one ternary compound YV_xCo_12−x with a homogeneity range of 1.30 ≤ x ≤3.64 was found in this system. The maximum solid solubilities of V in Y₂Co₁₇, Y₂Co₇, YCo₃, YCo₂ and Y₃Co are about 10.0, 1.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 4.0 at.% V, respectively. The compounds VCo and VCo₃ have a homogeneity range of 46-66 at.% V and 22-30 at.% V, respectively. The maximum solid solubility of Y in VCo is about 2.0 at.% Y.     

773K isothermal section of Gd—Ni—Ti ternary system

The 773K isothermal section of the Gd-Ni-Ti system was investigated b X-ray diffractometry,optical microanalysis and electron probe microanalysis techniques.The results show that it consists of 13 single-phase regions,23 two-phase regions and 11 three-phase regions.The maximum solid solubility of Ti in Ni,Gd2Ni17,GdNi5 and Gd2Ni7 are 6.0%,3.0%,3.0%,and 2.5(mole fraction).respectively.     

Isothermal section of the Al-Dy-Zr ternary system at 773 K

The phase relations in the Al-Dy-Zr ternary system at 773 K have been investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy disperse X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) in backscattered electron imaging (BSE) modes. The isothermal section at this temperature is featured with 17 single-phase regions, 32 two-phase regions and 16 three-phase regions. Besides, the ternary compound Al₃₀Dy₇Zr₃ has been confirmed to be existed. The maximum solid solubility of Zr in AlDy₂, Al₂Dy₃, AlDy, Al₂Dy and Al₃Dy at 773 K is determined to be 11.5 at.%, 7.8 at.%, 2.4 at.%, 22.5 at.% and 2.5 at.%, respectively.     

The ternary system: silicon–titanium–uranium

Phase equilibria in the system Si–Ti–U were established at 1000 °C by optical microscopy, EMPA and X-ray diffraction. Two ternary compounds were observed and were characterised by X-ray powder data refinement: (1) stoichiometric U₂Ti₃Si₄ (U₂Mo₃Si₄-type) with a small homogeneity region of about 3 at.% exchange U/Ti and (2) U_2−xTi_3+xSi₄ (Zr₅Si₄-type) extending at 1000 °C for 0.7<x<1.3. Mutual solubility of U-silicides and Ti-silicides was found to be below about 1 at.%. The Ti,U-rich part of the diagram was also investigated at 850 °C establishing the tie-lines to the low temperature compounds U₂Ti and U₃Si. U₂Ti₃Si₄ is weakly paramagnetic following a Curie–Weiss law above 50 K with μ_eff.=2.67 μ_B/U, Θ_P=−150 K and χ₀=1.45×10⁻³ emu/mol (18.2×10⁻⁹ m³/mol).     

The phase equilibria in the Pr-Si-Zr ternary system at 773 K

The phase relationships in the Pr-Si-Zr ternary system at 773 K have been investigated mainly by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). 9 binary compounds, i.e. Pr₅Si₃, Pr₅Si₄, PrSi, PrSi₂, ZrSi₂, ZrSi, Zr₅Si₄, Zr₃Si₂ and Zr₂Si were confirmed. The isothermal section of the Pr-Si-Zr ternary system at 773 K consists of 12 single-phase regions, 21 two-phase regions and 10 three-phase regions. None of the intermediate compound phases in this system exhibits a remarkable solid solution range at 773 K.     

Phase relationships of the Pr-Co-Fe system at 773 K

The Phase equilibrium of the ternary Pr-Co-Fe system at 773 K was investigated by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Rietveld method and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Nine binary compounds, i.e., Pr₂Co₁₇, PrCo₅, Pr₂Co₇, PrCo₃, PrCo₂, Pr₄Co₃, Pr₅Co₂, Pr₃Co and Pr₂Fe₁₇ was confirmed to exist, The maximum solubility of Fe in binary compounds Pr₂Co_17, PrCo₅, Pr₂Co₇, PrCo₃, PrCo₂, Pr₄Co₃ and Pr₃Co was determined to be 76.3, 14.1, 15.5, 20.7, 37.5, 2.3 and 2.9 at.%, respectively. No ternary compound was found.     

Isothermal section of the Co-Er-Y ternary system at 500 °C

The isothermal section of the phase diagram of the Co-Er-Y ternary system at 500 °C was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction technique, differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis and optical microscopy. The 500 °C isothermal section consists of 14 single-phase regions, 19 two-phase regions, and 6 three-phase regions. Six pairs of corresponding compounds Er₂Co₁₇ and Y₂Co₁₇, Er₂Co₇ and Y₂Co₇, ErCo₃ and YCo₃, ErCo₂ and YCo₂, Er₄Co₃ and Y₄Co₃, Er₃Co and Y₃Co and metals Y and Er form a continuous series of solid solutions. The maximum solid solubility of Y in the compounds Er₁₂Co₇ is about 19 at.% Y.     

The Yb–Zn–In system at 400 °C: Partial isothermal section with 0–33.3 at.% Yb

The phase relations in the ternary system Yb–Zn–In have been established for the partial isothermal section in the 0–33.3 at.% ytterbium concentration range at 400 °C, by researching of more than forty alloys. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), complemented with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), were used to study the microstructures, identify the phases and characterize their crystal structures and compositions. The phase equilibria of this Yb–Zn–In partial section at 400 °C are characterized by the presence of three extended homogeneity ranges, indium solubility in Yb₁₃Zn₅₈ and YbZn₂ and of zinc solubility in YbIn₂, and the existence of one ternary intermetallic compound, YbZn_1−xIn_1+x, x = 0.3. This new compound crystallizes in the UHg₂ structure type (space group P6/mmm), with a = 4.7933(5) Å, c = 3.6954(5) Å. The studied partial isothermal section has eight ternary phase fields at 400 °C.     

Investigation of the Y2Te3–Cu2Te–PbTe system at 870 K and crystal structures of the Y7Cu3Te12 and YCu0.264Te2 compounds

The structural and magnetic properties of doubly substituted Nd₂Fe_17−x−yTi_xGa_y (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0, 0 ≤ y ≤ 3) compounds have been investigated by a combined technique of X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and magnetic measurements. Rietveld refinements of the diffraction data indicate that all the samples crystallize in the rhombohedral Th₂Zn₁₇-type structure. For a given Ti content (x), the lattice parameters a and c, and unit cell volume V of Nd₂Fe_17−x−yTi_xGa_y all increase linearly with increasing Ga content. The addition of Ti initially has a considerably positive effect on the increasing rates of a, c, and unit cell volume V, but later the effect becomes very slight and even negative with the further increase of Ti content. The site occupancies of Ti and Ga in the crystallographic sites change a little compared to what is observed in the corresponding singly substituted compounds. The effects of Ti and Ga on the bond lengths of the doubly substituted compounds are quite different from that of the singly substituted compounds. Magnetic measurements show the T_C of Nd₂Fe_17−x−yTi_xGa_y increases with increasing Ti content for a low Ga content while it behaves conversely for a higher Ga content. The T_C of Nd₂Fe_17−x−yTi_xGa_y increases with increasing Ga content for a particular Ti content, while the addition of Ti results in a slower increase of T_C on the Ga content (y ≤ 3). For a given Ti content, the M_s of Nd₂Fe_17−x−yTi_xGa_y first increases a little and then decreases with the increase of Ga content, while for a given Ga content the M_s of Nd₂Fe_17−x−yTi_xGa_y decreases with the increase of Ti content.