The isothermal section of the Gd–Ni–V ternary system at 773 K

The phase equilibria of the Gd–Ni–V system at 773 K were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The experimental results show no existence of ternary compounds at 773 K. The existence of 14 single-phase regions, 25 two-phase regions and 12 three-phase regions was determined. The maximum solubility of V in (Ni), Gd₂Ni₁₇, GdNi₅ and GdNi₂ was measured to be about 16 at.%, 2 at.%, 3 at.% and 2.5 at.%, respectively, while that of Gd in (Ni), Ni₃V, Ni₂V, Ni₂V₃, NiV₃ and (V) was less than 1 at.%. An isothermal section of the Gd–Ni–V system at 773 K has been presented according to the present work.     

Isothermal section of the Gd–Co–V ternary system at 773 K

The isothermal section of the phase diagram of the Gd–Co–V ternary system at 773 K was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), metallographic analysis, electron probe microanalysis, and differential thermal analysis (DTA) techniques. The isothermal section consists of 14 single-phase regions, 26 two-phase regions and 13 three-phase regions. The solid solubilities of V in the compounds Co₁₇Gd₂, Co₃Gd, Co₂Gd, Co₇Gd₁₂ and CoGd₃ were about 10.0, 2.0, 6.0, 1.2 and 5.3 at.% V, respectively. It was found that there are some homogeneity range in the only ternary compound of GdCo_12−xV_x with x = 2.6–3.7 at 773 K. No solubility of Gd in compounds Co₃V, σCoV or CoV₃ was observed. There is no solubility of V in Co₇Gd₂ or Co₃Gd₄ observed at 773 K.     

Phase relations in the Al–Pr–Sb system at 773 K

The isothermal section of the phase diagram of the Al–Pr–Sb ternary system at 773 K over the whole concentration region has been investigated mainly by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A new ternary compound Al₁₁Pr₂₄Sb₆₅ has been found.     

The isothermal section of the Er–Fe–Sb ternary system at 773 K

The phase relation of the Er–Fe–Sb ternary system at 773 K has been investigated mainly by means of X-ray powder diffraction with the aid of optical microscopy and differential thermal analysis. This section consists of 12 single-phase regions, 22 two-phase regions and 11 three-phase regions. A ternary compound Er₆FeSb₂ has been confirmed.     

The isothermal section of the Ti–Co–Zr ternary system at 773 K

The phase equilibria of the Ti–Co–Zr ternary system at 773 K have been investigated mainly by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive analysis (EDX). The isothermal section consists of 16 single-phase regions, 31 two-phase regions and 16 three-phase regions. There are 11 binary compounds, i.e. CoZr₃, CoZr₂, CoZr, Co₂Zr, Co₂₃Zr₆, Co₁₁Zr₂, TiCo₃, h-TiCo₂, c-TiCo₂, TiCo, Ti₂Co in the system. The existence of two ternary compounds Co₁₀Ti₇Zr₃ and Co₆₆Ti₁₇Zr₁₇ has been confirmed at 773 K. Co₂Zr, CoZr₃ and TiCo have a range of homogeneity. The solubilities of Ti in CoZr was determined to be up to 8.1 at.% Ti.     

Isothermal section of the Ho-Co-Fe system at 773 K

The 773 K isothermal section of the phase diagram of the Ho-Co-Fe ternary system was investigated by using X-ray diffraction technique, metallographic analysis and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis. The isothermal section of the ternary system consists of 6 three-phase regions, 16 two-phase regions and 11 single-phase regions. Three pairs of corresponding compounds of Ho-Co and Ho-Fe systems, i.e., Ho₂Co₁₇ and Ho₂Fe₁₇, HoCo₃ and HoFe₃, HoCo₂ and HoFe₂, form a continuous series of solid solution. At 773 K the compound Ho₆Fe_23−xCo_x was found to have a wide homogeneity range from 0 to 29 at.% Co. The maximum solid solubilities of Fe in Co, Ho₂Co₇, Ho₁₂Co₇ and Ho₃Co were determined to be about 10, 9, 2 and 5 at.% Fe, respectively. The maximum solid solubility of Co in Fe is found to be 78 at.% Co.     

The 473 K isothermal section of the Cu–Ti–Sn ternary system

The phase relationships of the Cu–Ti–Sn ternary system at 473 K have been investigated mainly by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The isothermal section consists of 17 single-phase regions, 33 two-phase regions and 17 three-phase regions. The existence of 12 binary compounds and 2 ternary compounds, namely Cu₄Ti, Cu₃Ti₂, Cu₄Ti₃, CuTi, CuTi₂, Cu₃Sn, Cu₆Sn₅, Ti₃Sn, Ti₂Sn, Ti₅Sn₃, Ti₆Sn₅, Ti₂Sn₃, CuTi₅Sn₃ and CuTiSn, are confirmed in the Cu–Ti–Sn ternary system at 473 K. No new ternary compound is found. The maximum solid solubility of Cu in Ti₆Sn₅ was approximately 10 at.% Cu.     

Solid-state phase equilibria in the Gd–Co–Al ternary system at 1173 K

A portion of the isothermal section (1173 K) of the phase diagram of the Gd–Co–Al ternary system (up to 33.3 at.% Gd) were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. Fourteen single-phase regions (including solid solution regions of the binary compounds), twenty-five two-phase regions and twelve three-phase regions were found to exist at this isothermal section. In the GdCo₂–GdAl₂ system, the existence of the GdCo_0.74Al_1.26 phase is identified and it has a composition range of 30–45 at.% Al, the maximum solid solubility of Al in GdCo₂ is about 15 at.%, and Co in GdAl₂ is about 16 at.%. Besides, the maximum solid solubility of Al in Co, Gd₂Co₁₇ and GdCo₅ is about 6, 17 and 25 at.%, respectively, the maximum solid solubility of Gd in Co, CoAl is below 2 at.% and the solid solubility range is from 47 to 61 at.% Al in CoAl phase. In this work, no new ternary compounds were observed.     

Investigation of the interaction of the components in the Y–Si–Sb system at 670 K

Phase equilibria were established in the Y–Si–Sb ternary system at 670 K. The investigation of the phase relations was based on X-ray diffraction experiments made on arc-melted alloys, which were annealed up to 720 h. The 670 K isothermal section consists of 8 three-phase, 12 two-phase and 11 single-phase regions. The formation of a solid solution of Si in the binary YSb compound (8 at.% Si) has been observed. In the Y–Si–Sb system solid solutions between the isostructural binary compounds Y₅Si₃–Y₅Sb₃ form a continuous series. One ternary compound was observed: Y₅Si₂Sb₂ (Tm₅Si₂Sb₂ str. type, Cmca space group, a=1.4971(2), b=0.7855(2) and c=0.7820(2) nm).     

Isothermal section of the Y-Co-V ternary system at 500 °C

The isothermal section of the Y-Co-V system at 500 °C has been investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Only one ternary compound YV_xCo_12−x with a homogeneity range of 1.30 ≤ x ≤3.64 was found in this system. The maximum solid solubilities of V in Y₂Co₁₇, Y₂Co₇, YCo₃, YCo₂ and Y₃Co are about 10.0, 1.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 4.0 at.% V, respectively. The compounds VCo and VCo₃ have a homogeneity range of 46-66 at.% V and 22-30 at.% V, respectively. The maximum solid solubility of Y in VCo is about 2.0 at.% Y.     

773K isothermal section of Gd—Ni—Ti ternary system

The 773K isothermal section of the Gd-Ni-Ti system was investigated b X-ray diffractometry,optical microanalysis and electron probe microanalysis techniques.The results show that it consists of 13 single-phase regions,23 two-phase regions and 11 three-phase regions.The maximum solid solubility of Ti in Ni,Gd2Ni17,GdNi5 and Gd2Ni7 are 6.0%,3.0%,3.0%,and 2.5(mole fraction).respectively.     

Isothermal section of the Al-Dy-Zr ternary system at 773 K

The phase relations in the Al-Dy-Zr ternary system at 773 K have been investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy disperse X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) in backscattered electron imaging (BSE) modes. The isothermal section at this temperature is featured with 17 single-phase regions, 32 two-phase regions and 16 three-phase regions. Besides, the ternary compound Al₃₀Dy₇Zr₃ has been confirmed to be existed. The maximum solid solubility of Zr in AlDy₂, Al₂Dy₃, AlDy, Al₂Dy and Al₃Dy at 773 K is determined to be 11.5 at.%, 7.8 at.%, 2.4 at.%, 22.5 at.% and 2.5 at.%, respectively.     

The ternary system: silicon–titanium–uranium

Phase equilibria in the system Si–Ti–U were established at 1000 °C by optical microscopy, EMPA and X-ray diffraction. Two ternary compounds were observed and were characterised by X-ray powder data refinement: (1) stoichiometric U₂Ti₃Si₄ (U₂Mo₃Si₄-type) with a small homogeneity region of about 3 at.% exchange U/Ti and (2) U_2−xTi_3+xSi₄ (Zr₅Si₄-type) extending at 1000 °C for 0.7<x<1.3. Mutual solubility of U-silicides and Ti-silicides was found to be below about 1 at.%. The Ti,U-rich part of the diagram was also investigated at 850 °C establishing the tie-lines to the low temperature compounds U₂Ti and U₃Si. U₂Ti₃Si₄ is weakly paramagnetic following a Curie–Weiss law above 50 K with μ_eff.=2.67 μ_B/U, Θ_P=−150 K and χ₀=1.45×10⁻³ emu/mol (18.2×10⁻⁹ m³/mol).     

The phase equilibria in the Pr-Si-Zr ternary system at 773 K

The phase relationships in the Pr-Si-Zr ternary system at 773 K have been investigated mainly by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). 9 binary compounds, i.e. Pr₅Si₃, Pr₅Si₄, PrSi, PrSi₂, ZrSi₂, ZrSi, Zr₅Si₄, Zr₃Si₂ and Zr₂Si were confirmed. The isothermal section of the Pr-Si-Zr ternary system at 773 K consists of 12 single-phase regions, 21 two-phase regions and 10 three-phase regions. None of the intermediate compound phases in this system exhibits a remarkable solid solution range at 773 K.     

The Yb–Zn–In system at 400 °C: Partial isothermal section with 0–33.3 at.% Yb

The phase relations in the ternary system Yb–Zn–In have been established for the partial isothermal section in the 0–33.3 at.% ytterbium concentration range at 400 °C, by researching of more than forty alloys. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), complemented with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), were used to study the microstructures, identify the phases and characterize their crystal structures and compositions. The phase equilibria of this Yb–Zn–In partial section at 400 °C are characterized by the presence of three extended homogeneity ranges, indium solubility in Yb₁₃Zn₅₈ and YbZn₂ and of zinc solubility in YbIn₂, and the existence of one ternary intermetallic compound, YbZn_1−xIn_1+x, x = 0.3. This new compound crystallizes in the UHg₂ structure type (space group P6/mmm), with a = 4.7933(5) Å, c = 3.6954(5) Å. The studied partial isothermal section has eight ternary phase fields at 400 °C.     

Investigation on the 773 K isothermal section of La-Fe-Sn ternary systems by X-ray powder diffraction

The 773 K isothermal section of the La-Fe-Sn ternary system was investigated and constructed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The existence of two reported ternary intermetallic compounds, La₆Fe₁₃Sn and La₃FeSn₆, is confirmed in this work. Compared with other R-Fe-Sn phase diagrams (R = Pr and Sm), the binary alloys Fe₃Sn and Fe₅Sn₃ are not present. The compound Fe₃Sn₂ was observed from the XRD pattern of Fe₃Sn₂ samples, but it is not an equilibrium phase at 773 K and decomposes into Fe and FeSn phases completely for a longer heat treated time. Up to now, the crystal structure data of La₂Sn₃ has not been reported, so the X-ray pattern of La₂Sn₃ was only estimated. The phase relationship for this compound was drawn by a dotted line.     

Preparation of Ti–Al–Si alloys by reactive sintering

The isothermal section of the Dy–Co–Ti system at 500 °C has been investigated in the whole composition range by means of X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The only ternary phase DyTi_xCo_12−x is of ThMn₁₂-type structure, space group I4/mmm, and shows a small homogeneity range of 1 ≤ x ≤ 1.6. The lattice parameters for DyTi_xCo_12−x with 1 ≤ x ≤ 1.56 are a = 0.8336(4)–0.8402(1) nm and c = 0.4691(3)–0.4727(1) nm. Along a constant Dy concentration, the solid solubilities of Ti in the compounds Dy₂Co₁₇, DyCo₃, DyCo₂ and Dy₃Co are about 2.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 at.%, respectively. The TiCo phase has a homogeneity range of 50–54 at.% Co at 500 °C and dissolves up to 2.0 at.% Dy.     

Experimental determination of phase equilibria in the Fe–Nb–V ternary system

The phase equilibria in the Fe–Nb–V ternary system were investigated by means of optical microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction. Four isothermal sections in the Fe–Nb–V ternary system at 1000 °C, 1100 °C, 1200 °C and 1300 °C were firstly experimentally established. Present experimental results indicate that: (1) there is a large (Nb, V) continuous bcc solid solution; (2) there are the larger solubilities of V in the FeNb and Fe₂Nb phases. The newly determined phase equilibria in this system will provide important support for the development of hydrogen storage materials and microalloyed steels.     

Al-rich region of Al–Pd–Ru at 1000 to 1100 °C

Partial isothermal sections of the Al–Pd–Ru phase diagram at 1000, 1050 and 1100 °C are presented here. The Al–Pd orthorhombic -phases dissolve up to 15.5 at.% Ru, Al₁₃Ru₄ <2.5 at.% Pd and Al₂Ru up to 1 at.% Pd. Between 66 and 75 at.% Al, ternary quasiperiodic icosahedral phase and three cubic phases: C (, a = 0.7757 nm), C₁ (, a = 1.5532 nm) and C₂ (, a = 1.5566 nm) were revealed. An additional complex cubic structure with a ≈ 3.96 nm was found to be formed at compositions close to those of the icosahedral phase.     

The isothermal section of the phase diagram of Ce-Mg-Zn ternary system at 470 K

The isothermal section of the phase diagram of Ce-Mg-Zn ternary system at 470 K in a full concentration range was built, and a formation of seven ternary compounds was observed. For five ternary compounds: τ₁ - Ce₃(Zn_0.863Mg_0.137)₁₁ (Immm space group, La₃Al₁₁ structure type), τ₃ - CeMg_1+xZn_2−x (Fm-3m, MnCu₂Al), τ₄ - CeMg_2.5Zn_4.5 (P6/mmm, TbCu₇), τ₅ - Ce₃Mg₁₃Zn₃₀ (P6₃/mmc, Sm₃Mg₁₃Zn₃₀) and τ₇ - Ce₂₀Mg₁₉Zn₈₁ (F-43m, own structure type) the crystal structures were investigated. The crystal structures of CeMg_1−xZn_x continuous solid solution and of CeMg_12-xZn_x and CeMg_3-xZn_x limited solid solutions were studied more precisely by the X-ray single crystal and powder diffraction, and also using the WDS and EPMA techniques. The Ce-Mg-Zn ternary phases are structurally related to the binary phases of RE-Mg and RE-Zn (RE - rare-earth metals) systems.