Automatic outline capture of Arabic fonts

This paper presents an algorithm for automatic outline capture of digital character images, particularly suitable for non-Roman languages like Arabic. In most of the desktop publishing systems, the shapes of the characters are stored in the computer memory in terms of their outlines, and the outlines are expressed as cubic Bezier curves. The process of producing outlines includes various steps, detection of boundary, discovering corner points and break points and fitting the curve. This process becomes slow and inaccurate if there is any involvement of humans in any of the above steps. The work done, in this paper, fully automates the process and produces the best optimal results     

Landsat digital enhancements for change detection in urban environments

Comparison of Landsat digital classifications from two dates has met with limited success for change detection in urban environments. The capabilities of digital enhancements for displaying change were therefore investigated as an alternative procedure for this task. Three different color enhancements, an overlay of band 5, ratios of bands 5 and 7, and a vegetation index, were generated using 1974 and 1978 Landsat data of Hamilton, Ontario. The ratios only emphasize major changes. The band 5 overlay shows change most clearly, but the vegetation index enhancement is almost as good and in addition to showing change also emphasizes the urban boundary and the major road network. It is suggested that change enhancements could be used effectively by agencies responsible for monitoring urban development over large areas.     

管理字体

数码字体技术已经成熟。在经历了近三十年的研发后．许多由软件错误和平台不兼容而导致的问题也都得到了解决．有限字母集和排字控制方面遇到的障碍也得到了很大程度的解决。最终,设计师们获得了提炼的文件格式及使用简单的管理系统．而Open Type的引进更使得数码文字排版的过程越来越愉快。     

Perceptually tuned generation of grayscale fonts

A new approach to grayscale font generation improves on the fuzzy characters produced by existing methods by incorporating the expertise of type designers into rules for character-outline weight and phase control. The method we propose for synthesizing high-contrast grayscale characters relies on the set of visual rules that type designers have derived from their many years of manual design. We call our grayscaling method `perceptually tuned font generation', because it is based on human perception-that of both the designer and the reader     

字体—寻找最好的在线字体

网上有数千种字体,但是以合适的价钱找到适合于手头工作的完美字体是很难的。Graeme Aymer带你去看看一些有此类服务的字体工厂和发行人。     

History and technology of computer fonts

Computer fonts have become widely popularized through the use of the Macintosh and Microsoft Windows software systems. This technology has been evolving for more than 30 years and has a number of underlying technologies that support the current high level of utility and quality     

Implementation of language enhancements

Data abstractions have been proposed as a means to enhance program modularity. The implementation of such new features to an existing language is typically handled by either rewriting large portions of an existing compiler or by using a preprocessor to translate the extensions into the standard language. The first technique is expensive to implement while the latter is usually slow and clumsy to use. In this paper a data abstraction addition to PL 1 is described and a hybrid implementation is given. A minimal set of primitive features are added to the compiler and the other extensions are added via an internal macro processor that expands the new syntax into the existing language.     

Scaling low-resolution bitmap fonts using linear feature extraction

In certain cases a font, as defined by a set of small raster images, can be scaled by first extracting the linear features that define each character. These can be treated as graphical vectors and scaled, translated, and rotated in an arbitrary fashion. The visual precision of this method depends on the size of the original front templates.     

A Web based system to capture outlines of Arabic fonts

This paper presents a Web based system for the automatic capture of Arabic fonts. The system is based on an algorithm, which incorporates various features including the detection of boundary, discovering corner and break points, and fitting the curve. The work done, in this paper, fully automate the process and produces best optimal results. Moreover the automated system developed is deployed over the Web using client/server model and state of the art technology.     

Crossover enhancements in GEFREX

This letter describes some improvements to the crossover operator in the genetic-neuro-fuzzy algorithm called genetic fuzzy rule extractor (GEFREX). Although, the new crossovers studied are very simple, the performance of GEFREX, in terms of learning time, is decidedly improved.     

基于SDL和OpenGL实时绘制中文字体

为了能够在三维场景当中实时的将中文字体绘制在指定的位置上,提出了基于SDL和OpenGL跨平台图形库,采用生产者-消费者模型对字符串进行处理的实时绘制方法.优化了中文字体生成纹理图的过程,并控制中文字体纹理坐标,最终能够实时并且正确的显示中文字体.实验结果表明,该方法能够高效地实时绘制出中文字体,而且能够保证中文字体不...     

Negativity fonts, multiqubit invariants and four qubit maximally entangled states

Recently, we introduced negativity fonts as the basic units of multipartite entanglement in pure states. We show that the relation between global negativity of partial transpose of N?qubit state and linear entropy of reduced single qubit state yields an expression for global negativity in terms of determinants of negativity fonts. Transformation equations for determinants of negativity fonts under local unitaries (LU??s) are useful to construct LU invariants such as degree four and degree six invariants for four qubit states. The difference of squared negativity and N?tangle is an N qubit invariant which contains information on entanglement of the state caused by quantum coherences that are not annihilated by removing a single qubit. Four qubit invariants that detect the entanglement of specific parts in a four qubit state are expressed in terms of three qubit subsystem invariants. Numerical values of invariants bring out distinct features of several four qubit states which have been proposed to be the maximally entangled four qubit states.     

Evaluation of photographic enhancements of Landsat imagery

In this study, color Landsat images were photographically enhanced and then evaluated for information content. Twenty-six color images were enhanced by changing gamma values on the images of bands 4 through 7 prior to generation of the color composites. This results in color-composited images with various color balances. These images were evaluated and compared to standard color-composite images. The evaluation of the photographic enhancements was conducted as a geologic and land-cover photo-interpretative analysis of scene no. 5470–19560 acquired on 1 August 1976 of the Denali Highway area, Alaska. The commonly used gamma values of 1.0 for all bands utilized during image reproduction does not result in the most interpretable image. A more informative image can be derived by using gamma values of 2.0 for band 4, 1.0 for band 5, and 2.0 for band 6 or 7. The remaining photographic enhancements that were attempted are generally found to enhance certain geologic or land-cover features at the expense of others.     

Reliability and performance enhancements for SSD RAID

NAND based solid state storage devices are almost ubiquitously used in safety-critical embedded devices, and recent advances have demonstrated RAID architectures specific to solid state storage devices resulting in increased data reliability, with architectural enhancements to solve the age convergence problem. However, these techniques require devices to be taken off-line while components are replaced—consequently these devices are of limited use in hard real time systems. There are further real time issues in that the conventional architectures ignore other characteristics of solid state devices such as garbage collection and meta data management. In this paper we investigate techniques that support the replacement of aged devices in the array in such a way that we provide continuous system reliability. We also improve the performance overhead of the reconstruction process using a novel data migration policy. The techniques are implemented and tested in a trace-driven simulator, and results demonstrate that average I/O response time is improved by up to 39% with improvement by up to 45% in its standard deviation, overheads in terms of device replacement time are negligible, and read performance is improved by an average of 8%.