Ti-6Al-4V合金中的绝热剪切断裂

利用分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）装置在3900s-1应变率条件下对Ti-6Al-4V合金进行动态加载,获得完全分离的断裂试样。使用扫描电子显微镜对试样的断裂特征进行观察。结果表明：试样中出现绝热剪切断裂,试样断口上交替分布着两个不同特征的典型区域（韧窝区及平滑区）。其中,韧窝区由微孔洞形核、长大并最终连接形成,表现出韧性断裂特征。在平滑区观察到超细晶粒（UFGs）,且晶粒间可观察到微裂纹,说明平滑区由微裂纹沿晶界扩展形成,表现出脆性断裂特征。由此可知,Ti-6Al-4V合金在动态加载过程中沿绝热剪切带发生的断裂失效过程不均匀,韧性及脆性两种断裂模式的共同作用导致该合金样品的最终断裂。     

热连轧Ti-6Al-4V合金的蠕变行为及影响因素

采用热处理、蠕变性能测试及位错组态的衍衬分析,研究热连轧Ti-6Al-4V合金的蠕变行为及影响因素.结果表明:经低于β相变点的固溶处理,合金的组织结构由高固溶度的等轴α相和网篮组织组成;随着固溶温度提高,网篮组织数量增多;经1 000 ℃固溶处理后合金可获得完全网篮组织;与940 ℃固溶时效合金相比,经 1 000 ℃固溶时效合金在420 ℃、575 MPa条件下具有较低的应变速率和较长的蠕变寿命;在试验的温度和应力范围内,计算出该合金的蠕变激活能为249.8 kJ/mol;在蠕变期间,热连轧合金的变形机制是位错在具HCP结构的α相中发生双取向滑移,940 ℃固溶处理合金的蠕变机制是波浪状位错在α相中发生锥面滑移,而经1 000 ℃固溶处理合金的变形机制是<1/2>(111(位错在具BCC结构的β相中发生多系滑移;经1 000 ℃固溶处理合金中所含的高含量富V的β相可提高合金蠕变抗力,这是合金具有较低应变速率和较长蠕变寿命的主要原因.     

Ti-6Al-4V钛合金热拉伸变形行为与本构方程

在变形温度600℃⁸00℃、应变速率0.01s-1800℃、应变速率0.01s-1⁰.33s-1条件下进行热态单向拉伸试验,研究Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的变形行为,以及变形性能与变形温度、应变速率之间的关系。结果表明,Ti-6Al-4V钛合金在变形过程中呈现两种变形特征,即稳态形与软化形,且随着变形温度的升高、应变速率的降低,流动应力降低,而延伸率则升高;基于Hooke定律和Grosman方程建立的Ti-6Al-4V钛合金热态成形本构方程,在整个变形区间内可以很好的表征材料的变形行为。     

Stress relaxation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy

1　INTRODUCTIONTi 6Al 4VisoneofthemostimportantTial loys[1,2 ] .Butthisalloyhasbadformabilityforitshighelasticresilience .Therefore ,hotsizingisimpor tant[36 ] .Asthebaseofhotsizing ,thestudyofstressrelaxationhasimportanttheoreticalvalueandpracticalsignificance .Ontheotherhand ,Ti 6Al 4Visusedasfastenermaterialssometimes .Whenthefastenersworkatthetemperaturehigherthanroomtemperature ,stressrelaxationmayresultsinacci dents .Sohowtopreventthestressrelaxationisveryimportant[7] .Uptonow ,…     

Ti-6Al-4V合金的温轧织构演变

本研究采用取向分布函数(ODF)详细分析了具有等轴组织的Ti-6Al-4V热轧退火板在450、600和750℃下经过约45%的温轧压下量后沿层厚的宏观织构演变。结果表明采用多道次温轧的方法成功获得可改善Ti-6Al-4V合金力学性能各向异性的纤维织构ND//hkil和基面织构(0001)[2110]或(0001)[1210]。而且,轧板通体上均形成了ND//hkil纤维织构,中心层的横向织构(1210)[1010]随轧制温度而变化,表层的基面织构通过位错滑移累积剪切应变而产生,且基面织构的形成路径依赖于初始取向。     

Ti-6Al-4V钛合金搅拌摩擦焊缝的织构(英文)

采用W-Re合金搅拌头对α+β双相Ti-6Al-4V钛合金进行搅拌摩擦焊并在合适的工艺参数下获得无缺陷焊缝,利用取向成像显微镜对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金搅拌摩擦焊缝的织构进行研究。Ti-6Al-4V钛合金母材为轧制退火态,组织由变形的初生α相和转变β组织构成,具有典型的轧制织构。焊核区组织与母材明显不同,由大量的等轴动态再结晶晶粒组成,并在搅拌摩擦焊过程中形成{φ1=30°,φ=62°,φ2=30°}取向的织构。     

High-temperature corrosion of Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy

Pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V were exposed at 750°C in an H₂/H₂O/H₂S P_{O 2}10^–18 Pa and P_{S 2}10^–1 Pa), H₂/H₂O (P_{O 2}10^–18 Pa) and air environments for up to 240 hr. The corrosion kinetics, obtained by the discontinuous gravimetric method, showed that the sulfidation/oxidation kinetics were linear for Ti and linear-parabolic for Ti-6Al-4V in the H₂/H₂O/H₂S environment. Both materials obeyed parabolic rate laws in the H₂/H₂O atmosphere after a transient period, and linear-parabolic rate laws in air. After exposure to the H₂/H₂O/H₂S atmosphere, the titanium specimen displayed a double scale of TiO₂ with an intervening TiS₂ film between the double-layered scale of TiO₂ and the substrate. Ti-6Al-4V also contained a double layer of TiO₂ together with a stratum consisting of Al₂S₃, TiS₂ and vanadium sulfide at the junction of the inner TiO₂ layer and substrate. Some Al₂O₃ precipitated in the external portion of the outer TiO₂ layer. Following oxidation in the low-P_{O 2} atmosphere a double-layered oxide of TiO₂ scale formed on both Ti and Ti-6Al-4V. The scale on Ti-6Al-4V also contained an -Al₂O₃ film situated between the outer and inner (TiO₂) layers. For both materials, multilayered-scale formation characterized air oxidation. In detail a multilayered oxide scale of TiO₂ formed on the air-oxidized Ti, while a multilayered oxide scale with alternating layers of Al₂O₃/TiO₂ developed on Ti-6Al-4V oxidized in air.     

Ti-6Al-4V合金的超高周疲劳行为

采用超声疲劳实验分别确定了双态和网篮两种组织的Ti-6Al-4V合金的疲劳寿命(S-N)曲线,并用SEM观察疲劳断口.结果表明,两种组织合金的S-N曲线均保持下降趋势,在105-109cyc间不出现水平段,不存在传统意义的疲劳极限,断口形貌分析表明,随着应力幅的降低,二者的裂纹萌生位置都发生了由试样表面到内部的转变.与加载频率为25 Hz时的疲劳实验结果进行比较后发现,超声疲劳加载条件下,疲劳强度提高,疲劳寿命延长,且频率对网篮组织合金疲劳性能的影响大于对双态组织的影响.     

Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的激光弯曲成形特性

以Ti-6Al-4V薄板材料为研究对象,研究了激光弯曲成形技术在钛合金上的应用特征.通过实验描述了不同扫描参数对弯曲角的影响规律,并对多次扫描下的板材弯曲动态特性进行了研究.结果表明:弯曲角随扫描次数呈近似的线性增加关系;在扫描次数一定的情况下,存在一个最优的累积线能量使弯曲角达到最大;不同的材料状态在加热和冷却过程呈现出不同的弯曲动态特性.此外,对激光弯曲后的材料微观组织、力学性能进行了测量和分析.结果表明:扫描参数的选择对发生相变的区域形状与相变区组织有较大影响;多次扫描后,加热区材料的强度与硬度均增加,塑性降低.     

Fatigue properties of pack ply-rolling Ti-6Al-4V alloy sheets

The influence of pack ply-rolling process and heat-treatment on the texture characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V alloy sheets was investigated applying the EBSD technique. The tensile properties and fatigue properties of the sheets possessing different type textures were measured. The results show that the alloy sheets possessing single type texture （B or T） exhibit lower fatigue strength compared with the mixed texture （B/T）. The sheet possessing basal texture exhibits isotropy and its elastic modulus and yield strength are lower than those under other conditions.     

Ti-6Al-4V合金的轧制与组织性能

采用光学显微镜、透射电镜和拉伸试验等手段,研究了多道次两向轧制和单向轧制对不同原始状态(热轧态、水淬态和空冷态)Ti-6Al-4V合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,热轧态Ti-6Al-4V合金的组织为片状α相+β相+少量等轴α相,水淬态Ti-6Al-4V合金形成了针状马氏体组织,空冷态Ti-6Al-4V合金形成了网状组织。Ti-6Al-4V合金适宜的两向轧制温度为700 ℃,此时合金中可见颗粒状β相弥散分布在α基体上。两向轧制Ti-6Al-4V合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度从高至低顺序为:水淬态>热轧态>空冷态,且轧向强度要高于横向;相较于单向轧制,两向轧制明显降低了Ti-6Al-4V合金板材拉伸性能的各向异性,且水淬态Ti-6Al-4V合金的轧向和横向强度差异最小,700 ℃轧制Ti-6Al-4V合金的主要细化机制为位错细化。     

Ti-6Al-4V合金超塑性变形中的组织演变及变形机制

920℃、应变速率为1×10.3和2×10.4 s.1时,对不同初始晶粒尺寸(2.6、6.5和16.2 μm)的Ti-6Al-4V合金进行超塑性拉伸变形.采用光学显微镜、透射电镜观察变形后的显微组织.结果表明,初始晶粒尺寸的不同对超塑性变形中的组织演变及变形机制有着显著的影响.拉伸变形中晶粒明显粗化,变形诱发晶粒长大是超塑性变形组织的重要特征之一;随着变形程度的增大,应变诱发的晶粒长大显著增大,并且远大于静态长大的增幅.对于细晶粒材料(2.6和6.5 μm),位错运动协调的界面滑动是其变形的主要机制.而对于晶粒较粗的材料(16.2 μm),超塑变形机制是晶界滑动与晶内位错运动的共同作用.随着晶粒尺寸的增大,以晶界滑动为主的变形方式逐渐转向以晶内位错运动为主.     

Manufacturing advantages of superplastically formed fine-grain Ti-6Al-4V alloy

Superplastic forming (SPF) of Ti-6Al-4V has traditionally been performed at 900 °C. Although SPF equipment and dies have been developed to withstand this high temperature, their life is limited and maintenance is high. In addition, the formed sheets need chemical milling after processing to remove a significant layer of alpha case, and parts require hand polishing due to a rough die surface caused by high temperature oxidation. The recent development of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy with a grain size of around 1 μm has led to the possibility of superplastic forming at a much lower temperature than regular Ti-6Al-4V. In addition, the forming speed can be increased. This work looks at some of the SPF attributes of fine-grain titanium, in particular, the optimum forming temperature, the thinning characteristics, alpha case formation, and forming speeds. The authors also address manufacturing advantages, such as die life, equipment needs, and operator comfort. Some prototype and preproduction aircraft components on Boeing airplanes are presented. The results show that the new fine-grain material could significantly lower the cost of SPF Ti-6Al-4V part production for the aerospace industry. This paper was presented at the International Symposium on Superplasticity and Superplastic Forming, sponsored by the Manufacturing Critical Sector at the ASM International AeroMat 2004 Conference and Exposition, June 8–9, 2004, in Seattle, WA. The symposium was organized by Daniel G. Sanders, The Boeing Company.     

Ti-6Al-4V钛合金固体渗硼法表面改性

对TC4钛合金(Ti-6Al-4V)进行表面渗硼使其表面硬度显著提高.渗硼温度为1000℃到1050℃,渗硼时间为5 h到20h.文内测量和比较了渗硼后钛合金表面的微结构、形貌、相组成等性质,研究了渗硼过程中Ti,Al,V,B等元素的扩散行为.在低温短时间渗硼时,渗硼层厚度仅0.8μm,而在高温长时间渗硼时,渗硼层厚度可达15 μm.实验证明,渗硼层由TiB和TiB2两相组成,并且它们的含量随渗硼温度提高而增加.渗硼层表面主要含TiB2,其显微硬度可达2200 HV0.01,渗硼层内表层主要含TiB,其显微硬度为1100 HV0.01.渗硼层的硬度远高于TC4钛合金的硬度.     

Ti基钎料真空钎焊Ti-6Al-4V

在温度1223K、时间1－30min钎焊参数条件下，应用Ti基钎料对Ti-6Al-4V进行了真空钎焊。结果表明，接头强度较高，因钎焊温度较低母材基本上保留了原始组织。同时表明Ti-Zr-Cu钎料大幅度增加w(Cu)易造成钎缝中心区域生成连续分布的Ti2Cu TiCu,严重影响接头强度。     

Taylor杆冲击条件下Ti-6Al-4V合金的动态断裂

通过Taylor杆冲击实验（撞击速度范围为145-306m/s）研究Ti-6Al-4V合金在高应变率加载条件下的动态断裂行为。研究表明：该合金的临界破碎速度为217-236m/s;当撞击速度增大至260m/s时,试样断口表面除平面区及韧窝区外,还存在明显的熔化区域,试样头部端面裂纹分布呈现出自组织特征;试样撞击端面具有圆弧状头部的特殊裂纹,且未在裂纹前端发现变形组织及绝热剪切带;这类特殊的裂纹也是由于绝热剪切带而形成的,沿两最大剪应力方向形核、扩展,并最终相交形成三维＂交错屋脊＂状结构。