摩根热陶瓷发布工业炉节能新材料

摩根热陶瓷近期发布了其独有的Pyro—Bloc（派罗块）模块，该模块专为工业炉和锅炉炉衬的应用而设计，并且显著地减少了热点及炉衬失效所带来的风险。目前，这款模块是市场上唯一的整体纤维模块，它可将高温隔热纤维具有的隔热优势与炉衬的快速安装完美结合。与标准折叠模块相比，Pyro—Bloc模块具有更高容重和更小公差范围等特点。同时它也对高气速展现了较强的抗气流冲刷的性能及显著的安装优势。该模块的隔热效果极佳，不仅为烟道、燃烧器、管道衬里、窑车及密封、烧嘴块及看火孔等应用节约了能源，而且显著的降低了人力成本，安装时间以及停车时间。     

裂解炉辐射段衬里设计与失效原因分析

介绍了乙烯装置裂解炉辐射段衬里的常见结构形式和隔热耐火材料的选用原则,以及辐射段衬里安装施工的注意事项。分析了造成辐射段衬里损坏失效的原因,从而进一步完善设计方案,减少因设计原因及施工质量造成的辐射段衬里过早损坏,以提高裂解炉的热效率,延长裂解炉辐射段衬里的使用寿命。     

甲醇制烯烃装置(MTO)反应器三旋衬里损坏原因分析及对策

介绍了甲醇制烯烃装置(MTO)反应器三旋的作用及工况条件,分析了反应器三旋衬里损坏的原因,采取优化和改进三旋衬里结构、用料与施工方法,将衬里的使用寿命至少延长了720h。     

德士古渣油气化炉耐火衬里的改进

通过对耐火衬里使用寿命短、炉口和热电偶孔部位超温原因的分析,对炉口、热电偶孔部位耐火衬里进行了改进,增加了气化炉筒体下部刚玉砖的厚度,解决了炉壁超温问题,耐火衬里用寿命从原来的不到８０００ｈ延长到１６０００ｈ以上。     

浅析造气发生炉系统燃烧室耐火衬里损坏的原因及采取的措施

从材料、施工操作、生产工艺、设备等方面分析了造气发生炉燃烧室耐火褚城砖损坏的原因，提出了采用改进砌筑胶泥等措施，以延长耐火衬里砖的使用寿命。     

聚四氟乙烯衬里工艺及其应用

介绍了四氟材料的性能及衬里工艺,分析了衬四氟设备损坏的原因,提出了相应的预防措施。     

浮头式废热锅炉存在的问题及其改进

介绍了浮头式废热锅炉的结构形式，对其存在的换热能力不足，管子易损坏，隔热衬里、衬筒变形等问题产生的原因进行了分析，从改善传热条件和改进结构方面提出了改进建议和实施措施。     

[12]实用新型专利说明书

本实用新型是一种焦炉拟合火道温度测定装置，属炼焦炉，其特征是从炉顶竖向钻与跨越孔相通的跨越孔通道。在此跨越孔通道中竖向设置热电偶I。深度直达跨越孔上方的第一层砖，在左侧的看火孔中竖向设置热电偶Ⅱ，深度直达上升立火道中并位于跨越孔的中心线，在左侧的蓄热室顶部空间中前后向设置热电偶Ⅲ，此外，     

常压炉壁衬里失效原因及对策

介绍了常压炉炉膛、炉壁和斜顶炉壁衬里模块脱落的原因、分析以及具体对策。经改进后的炉壁衬里结构既耐腐蚀又能隔热,还能降低炉壁的温度,保证了常压炉长期、高效运行。     

一段炉过渡段对流段炉顶墙过热损坏的原因及对策

针对一段转化炉过渡段、对流段（ＭＳＡ－１区域）炉顶墙耐火衬里的结构特点，分析炉顶过热损坏的原因，并结合生产实际情况，阐述所采取的措施及对策     

流态化冷却器创新改进设计及应用

针对流态化冷却器在运行中出现的水套易开裂、观察孔盖无法正常打开、窥视孔盖密封失效、进料插板阀无法正常切换及开闭等问题,云南驰宏锌锗股份有限公司提出相应的改进措施.改造后,水套焊缝寿命延长到12个月,窥视孔盖密封使用12个月后仍未失效,进料插板阀密封无泄漏,从而提高了设备使用寿命,保障了设备稳定运行.     

A micromechanical damage model for oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composites with hierarchical porosity under thermomechanical loading

This work presents a micromechanical damage model to describe the microstructural damage behaviors of ceramic matrix composites with hierarchical porosity during thermomechanical loading. The microstructure evolution may cause the nonlinear constitutive behavior, and a hierarchical porosity-based elasto-plastic constitutive model was developed. Damage mechanisms of matrix-crack, hierarchical pore nucleation and fiber-breaking are incorporated into the formulation of the damage model to describe various micromechanical damage modes of ceramic matrix composites accurately. Two damage variables are proposed for the damage evolution of matrix and fiber bundles. The main damage mechanisms in the matrix are matrix-cracking, and fibers breaking in the fiber bundles. The performance of the proposed damage model is verified by comparing with the existing experimental data. The proposed damage model outperforms the existing counterparts by capturing the microstructural damage mechanism and integrated into the damage model, and the contribution of different damage mechanisms can be quantified. The present work will provide a robust tool for describing the damage behaviors of matrix and fiber bundles in the ceramic matrix composites under thermomechanical loading, as well as allow a more accurate characterization of microstructural damage for a large extent of ceramic matrix composites.     

二维机织碳纤维/碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料损伤分析

利用声发射技术全程监测二维机织C／SiC复合材料拉伸实验,通过声发射多参数分析法和断口显微观察,结合材料拉伸应力-变曲线,分析了二维机织C／SiC复合材料拉伸损伤演化过程和损伤机理。结果表明：材料拉伸损伤演化经历3个阶段：第一阶段为无损伤阶段,材料无损伤发生;第二阶段为损伤初始阶段．损伤主要为微裂纹开裂．并且微裂纹开裂基本上均匀发生在样品工作段;第三阶段为损伤加速阶段,损伤主要为宏观基体、界面开裂和纤维束断裂．井且集中发生在断口区域。损伤第二阶段与第三阶段的转换点在拉伸强度的76％左右,转换点的确定对二维机织C／SiC复合材料工程应用有重要意义。     

高温装置维修规划的力学原则

从连续损伤力学的基本理论出发，分析了二力杆、承压圆筒、材料不连续结构以及温度场不均匀结构的蠕变损伤规律，据此对高温装置维修规划的力学原则进行了探讨。     

Damage monitoring of carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide composites under random vibration environment by acoustic emission technology

Carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) composites are widely used in high-temperature thermo-structural applications. They are subjected to extreme loading conditions, such as random vibrations, which are likely to damage the structure. Structural micro-damage identification during vibration is very difficult, owing to the randomness of the environmental vibration and the complicated response it causes in structures. This study aims to determine a method for monitoring the damage properties of a C/SiC structure under a random vibration environment using acoustic emission (AE) technology. First, a pencil break experiment is conducted to verify the feasibility of the AE technology. Then, an AE monitoring experiment of the structural damage in a vibration environment is systematically conducted. Two types of experiments are designed for simulating the damage formation process inside the structure. In addition, the parameter characteristics of typical AE signals in the random vibration test are analyzed, and the relationships between the AE signal parameters and vibration loading are obtained. Lastly, the different stages of material damage development and damage types in each stage are provided to reveal the damage evolution processes of C/SiC composites. The results indicate that AE technology can be effectively applied to investigate the damage behaviors of C/SiC composites in random vibration environments.     

基于经验模式分解与主元分析的耐火材料声发射损伤分类

耐火材料微观结构十分复杂,其破坏形式呈现多样化、复杂化,如何对其损伤进行高效准确地判别十分重要。为此,借助声发射技术对镁碳质耐火材料受压过程进行了损伤声发射信号采集,针对海量声发射数据,首先采用了经验模式分解结合主元分析,对声发射信号进行了特征提取与参数化降维:在大量的声发射时域与频域参数中,选取前7个主元来表征损伤,其损伤贡献率可以达到99%;之后将主元作为支持向量机输入进行损伤分类,将损伤分为两个主要类型,基质相与界面相损伤;最后将分析结果与扫描电镜结果进行对比分析,发现两者结论可以较好地吻合,可为运用声发射手段检测耐火材料损伤提供一种高效准确的解决方案。     

浙江省30起突发性肥害事故的调查与启示

突发性肥害事故对农业安全生产、农业增效、农民增收、农村稳定带来严重隐患。本文通过对浙江省30起突发性肥害事故的调查,并具体分析肥害的成因,提出了提高农民科技素质,制定肥害事故应急处置预案,制定肥害事故技术鉴定规范,加强市场肥料产品质量监督管理等建议。     

Contact Damage in Single-Crystalline Silicon Investigated by Cross-Sectional Transmission Electron Microscopy

Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is demonstrated as a powerful tool for investigating subsurface damage in the micrometer and submicrometer ranges in brittle materials, and applications to a wide variety of contact damage in silicon are discussed and illustrated with TEM images. Regions of plasticity and different types of cracking are identified and characterized for various contact situations: indentation, scribing, solid-particle impacts, and polishing/grinding. Most single-point contact situations result in similar types of damage in silicon, although transitions between different damage mechanisms occur between different load levels. Normally, the crack geometry is governed by the principal stress directions and is only weakly influenced by the lattice orientation. Grinding with metal-bonded abrasives results in fairly deep subsurface damage zones, but the main mode of material removal is superficial lateral cracking. Polishing with small-size free abrasives results in very superficial damage zones and mirror-like surface finish.     

低孔低渗储层损害机理及其保护技术

分析研究了低孔低渗（致密）储层地层损害的机理,认为低孔低渗储层损害机理与中低渗砂岩储层损害机理的主要差别表现在：（1）储层液锁损害（主要为水锁损害）;（2）储层毛细管自吸损害;（3）储层裂缝或微裂缝损害;（4）储层应力敏感性损害等。低孔低渗储层的保护主要体现在防止储层水锁损害和保护对低渗（致密）储层渗透率贡献率最大的孔喉及其裂缝微裂缝这两个方面,屏蔽暂堵钻井完井液技术和保护储层的射孔液、压井液技术是保护低孔低渗储层的两项主要技术,但屏蔽暂堵技术的暂堵机理及其体系配方与中低渗砂岩储层的相比差异很大。     

电解槽损坏原因及处理

介绍了旭化成复极式电解槽的结构，分析了常见的几种损坏形式如极网损坏、阳极侧密封面内漏、气液分离室漏、辅助电极损坏和附件损坏等，提出了部分解决方法。