氢对黄铜脱锌层引起拉应力的影响

黄铜表面在氨水中腐蚀或应力腐蚀时形成脱锌层 ,由此产生一个附加拉应力。实验结果表明 ,脱锌层拉应力σp 随黄铜试样中氢含量w(H)的升高而线性升高 ,即σp/MPa =13.2 5 .2× 10 -6w(H)。黄铜中的氢含量达到 3× 10 -6时 ,可使黄铜在氨水中的应力腐蚀敏感性升高 10 %。氢促进黄铜应力腐蚀的原因是氢含量的增大会引起脱锌层拉应力的增大。     

不同pH值下黄铜应力腐蚀敏感性与腐蚀引起拉应力的对应性

黄铜在氨水中当9≤pH≤11.4时，形成脱Zn层，当pH≤8或pH≥12时形成钝化膜，用两种方法测量腐蚀钝化膜或脱Zn层引起的内应力，拉伸试样成膜（或脱Zn层）之前流变应力和成膜后屈服应力之差就是作用在整个试样上的膜致应力，用一边保护一端悬挂的薄片测出腐蚀过程中的挠度，用SEM测量脱Zn层厚度，用AFM测量钝化膜厚度，从而求出钝化膜和基体界面的内应力，两种方法所测出的腐蚀引起的内应力随pH值的变化趋势是一致的，用缺口拉伸试样测量应力腐蚀敏感性，结果表明，应力腐蚀敏感性随pH值的变化和钝化膜（或脱Zn）引起的内应力随pH值的变化完全一致，当pH≥7时，钝化膜或脱Zn层引起的拉应力有极大值，而且随pH值的升高变化不明显，与此同时，SCC敏感性也有极大值，而且随pH值的升高变化也不明显，但当pH≤6后随pH值下降，钝化膜引起的拉应力急剧下降，与此同时，SCC敏感性也急剧下降，由此可知，黄铜在氨水中的应力腐蚀和腐蚀引起的拉应力密切相关。     

黄铜应力腐蚀敏感性及其与脱Zn层拉应力的对应性

测量了不同极化电位下,Ｈ６２黄铜在氨水溶液腐蚀过程中表面脱Ｚｎ蔬松层引起的拉应力,并用单边缺口试样测量的不同极化电位下的应力腐蚀敏感性,结果表明：黄铜在氨水中自然腐蚀时,在脱Ｚｎ层界面会产生 大的拉应力,整个试样的平均应力为σ＝１８．１ＭＰａ;阳极极化使表面拉应力略有下降,阴极极化则使疏松层引起的拉应力急剧下降乃至为零,阴极极化在表层产生镀Ｃｕ层后出现尖力;应力腐蚀敏感性随外加电位的变化规律和疏松     

Cu3Au中脱合金层产生内应力的分子动力学模拟

Cu3Au在腐蚀或应力腐蚀时表层Cu原子择优溶解形成脱合金疏松层，对具有疏松层的三维晶体（约148000个原子），用镶嵌原子方法（EAM）势进行了分子动力学模拟，结果表明，一旦出现疏松层就会产生一个拉应力，它使单端固定，单边存在疏松层的晶体发生弯曲，其挠度（或拉应力）随疏松层增厚以及空位浓度升高而升高。     

氢致马氏体对304不锈钢在MgCl2中应力腐蚀的影响

通过电解充氢后除气，即可在304奥氏体不锈钢中引入不同数量的氢致马氏体（ε α′，其中ε占2/3），同时并未明显改变试样的强度和位错密度，氢致马氏体使304不锈钢脆化，塑性损失随马氏体含量升高而升高，在沸腾MgCl2溶液中慢应变速率拉伸实验表明，随氢致马氏体含量升高，应力腐蚀敏感性也升高，但当马氏体总量超过10%之后，应力腐蚀敏感性逐渐趋势地一个稳定值。     

7050铝合金应力腐蚀敏感性和钝化膜引起的膜致应力随电位变化的一致性

用流变应力差值法测量了不同极化电位下7050铝合金在3.5%NaCl 水溶液（pH=10）腐蚀过程中表面钝化膜形成的拉应力,并用慢应变速率拉伸法测量了不同极化电位下的应力腐蚀敏感性。结果表明:7050铝合金在溶液中自然腐蚀时,表面钝化膜会产生一定的拉应力;阳极极化使表层拉应力明显上升,且随着电位升高应力增大;阴极极化时,当电位E ≥-1100mV时表层拉应力随着电位的升高而降低,当电位≤E-1100mV时拉应力随着电位升高而升高。应力腐蚀敏感性随外加电位变化规律和钝化膜引起的附加拉应力变化完全一致。     

管线钢氢致附加应力与氢致门槛应力的相关性

X80钢在空气中拉伸至塑性变形大于1％后卸缸，充氢至饱再控拉，其屈服应力小于卸载前流变应力，其差值即氢引起的附加应力，它协助外应力促进变形，引起应力集中，进而导致低应力下的脆断（即氢脆），或在低的恒定外应力下就发生氢致滞后断裂，实验表明，氢致附加应力σad随氢浓度C0升高而线性升高，即σad=-14.1 3.89C0，动态充氢慢应变速率拉伸时断裂应力随氢浓度升高而线下降，即σF（H）＝675－6．1C0,恒载荷下氢致滞后断裂门槛应力随氢浓度对数升高而线性下降，即бF（H）＝675－6．1C0，恒载荷下氢致滞后断裂门槛应力随氢浓度对数升高而线性下降，即σHIC=669-124lnCo.     

电位对70/30黄铜在1N NaNO_2中的脱锌系数及应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的影响

用原子吸收光谱测定了在慢应变速率的应力腐蚀试验条件下,70/30黄铜在1当量亚硝酸钠水溶液中,电位范围—0.1～ 0.1V(SCE)内的脱锌系数。结果表明,所有试验都发生严重脱锌,但是,电位对脱锌系数和应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的作用影响相反:提高电位加速裂纹扩展,却降低了脱锌系数。应变速率的加快对增加脱锌系数的作用也随电位提高而减弱。在阳极溶解模型的基础上,采用快速应变电极测试的数据,理论计算得出的脱锌系数随电位和应变速率变化的趋势与实验结果相似。从而说明,尽管黄铜总的溶解速率随电位提高而增加(黄铜中的锌亦如此),加剧了开裂敏性,但是锌、铜溶解相对比率中铜溶解部份的递增造成脱锌系数下降。文章进一步讨论了与黄铜应力腐蚀机理有关的本结果涵义。     

压应力下黄铜在氨水中的应力腐蚀

用十字型缺口试样和WOL缺口试样分别在压应力和拉应力下研究了黄铜在氨水中的应力腐蚀。实验表明,无论那种试样,在压应力下均能产生应力腐蚀。拉、压应力腐蚀门槛值之比K_(SCC)(压)/K_(SCC)(拉)分别等于5.9(WOL试样)和5.5(十字型试洋)。拉应力腐蚀是穿晶断裂。压应力腐蚀断口和K_1有关,当K_1较低时是典型的沿晶断口,而当K_1较高时则是混合断口。电镜观察表明,双向压应力下位错塞积在晶界和孪晶界;在双向拉应力下则晶内位错密度高于晶界,且晶界位错不呈塞积群。     

7050铝合金应力腐蚀敏感性和钝化膜引起的膜致应力随电位变化的一致性（英文）

用流变应力差值法测量了不同极化电位下7050铝合金在3.5%NaCl水溶液(pH=10)腐蚀过程中表面钝化膜形成的拉应力,并用慢应变速率拉伸法测量了不同极化电位下的应力腐蚀敏感性。结果表明:7050铝合金在溶液中自然腐蚀时,表面钝化膜会产生一定的拉应力;阳极极化使表层拉应力明显上升,且随着电位升高应力增大;阴极极化时,当电位E≥-1100 mV时表层拉应力随着电位的升高而降低,当电位E≤–1100 mV时拉应力随着电位升高而升高。应力腐蚀敏感性随外加电位变化规律和钝化膜引起的附加拉应力变化完全一致。     

Hydrogen-increased dezincification layer-induced stress and susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking of brass

1　INTRODUCTIONDuringstresscorrosioncracking (SCC )con trolledbyanodicdissolution ,apassivefilmordezinci ficationlayerformsonthesurface[1] .Experimentalresultsexhibitedthatafoilofα Tiorbrasswithoneendfixedandanothersideprotectedwithaprotectivelayerformedonitwasconcaveduringcorrosioninamethanolandanammoniasolutions ,respective ly[2 ,3] .Thismeansthatatensilestressexistsontheinterfacebetweenthepassivefilmordezincificationlayerandthematrix [2 ,3] .Extensiveexperimentsshowedthatthedependenc…     

The correspondence between susceptibility to SCC of brass and corrosion-induced tensile stress with various pH values

Corrosion-induced stress and susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of brass in an ammonia solution with various pH values have been studied. pH value dependence of corrosion-induced stress measured by two different methods showed a good agreement, and was correspondent to that of susceptibility to SCC. When pH?8, with increasing pH value, the corrosion-induced tensile stress had a maximum value and hardly changed; at the same time, the susceptibility to SCC exhibited a maximal value and a slight change. However, when pH?6, with decreasing pH value, both the corrosion-induced tensile stress and the susceptibility to SCC reduced rapidly. So, the SCC of brass in an ammonia solution was in close relationship with the corrosion-induced stress.     

Stress corrosion cracking and selective corrosion of copper-zinc alloys for the drinking water installation

Despite a generally good corrosion resistance to tap and industrial water, many brass taps and fittings have failed in the past by stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and selective corrosion (dezincification or preferred removal of a phase). The experimental investigations of the present study clarify the influence of the ammonia concentration on the two types of corrosion. Notched specimens made of the alloys CuZn39Pb3, CuZn40Pb2, CuZn37, CuZn36Pb2As and CuZn21Si3P are polarized anodically in pure tap water and tap water with realistic ammonia concentrations (15 and 30 ppm) under a simultaneous mechanical loading condition. The influence of stress and of the third alloying elements lead and arsenic are investigated and evaluated. The experiments show that the ammonia additions significantly increase the risk of dezincification of the α-β-brasses. The arsenic in the CuZn36Pb2As alloy avoids dezincification, but enhances the risk of SCC. The rate of selective corrosion and SCC consistently increases with increase in tensile stress.     

The inhibitive action of some azoles towards the corrosion and dezincification of 70Cu---30Zn brass in ammonia solution

An attempt has been made to study the effect of some azoles on the corrosion and dezincification of 70Cu---30Zn brass in ammoniacal solution using weight loss, solution analysis and potentiostatic polarization techniques. The inhibition efficiency of azoles for the corrosion and the dezincification of 70Cu---30Zn brass has been found to decrease in the order benzimidazole > 2-mercaptobenzothiazole > benzotriazole. Benzimidazole has been found to give almost complete protection against corrosion as well as dezincification of 70Cu---30Zn brass in ammoniacal solution. Potentiostatic polarization studies have shown that all the compounds inhibit both cathodic as well as anodic reactions, indicating a mixed type of inhibition.     

The Mechanism of Dezincification and the Effect of Arsenic. I.

Abstract

Copper formed by dezincification of brass shows, in microsections, a dense layer at the surface roughly proportional in thickness to the depth of dezincificatton. The underlying copper frequently shows growth rings of alternate, more or less dense copper layers, sometimes incorporating bands of cuprous oxide, and a narrow band of dense copper is usually observed adjacent to the advancing corrosion front. These features are explained, and have been reproduced in laboratory experiments, on the basis of a redeposition theory of dezincification.

The first step in either dezincification or pitting corrosion of brass is dissolution of both copper and zinc, the copper forming cuprous chloride. In pitting corrosion the cuprous chloride is precipitated and subsequently hydrolysed or oxidised to secondary corrosion products. In dezincification, it is reduced to copper close to the point at which it first forms.

Beta- and non-arsenical alpha-brass both reduce cuprous chloride to copper (the beta much more readily), but arsenical alpha does not. These differences between the three types of brass are reflected in their relative susceptibility to dezincification. The reasons for these differences will be reported in Part II of the paper.     

Corrosion of cold-deformed brass in acid sulphate solution

The corrosion behaviour and the dezincification process of cold-deformed CuZn-42 brass were tested in an acid sulphate solution at pH-value 2 with additional chloride and copper(II) ions by use of the linear polarization method.The measured corrosion potential and densities of corrosion currents were observed as characteristics of the dezincification process and the corrosion resistance of tested samples of cold-deformed CuZn-42 brass. The results obtained have shown that pH-value 2 of the tested solutions and increased concentrations of copper(II) ions result in increased values of densities of corrosion currents of the tested brass samples, as a result of selective zinc dissolution and the individual dissolution of zinc and copper including the process of anodic oxidation. The tested concentrations of chloride ions in certain conditions have an inhibiting effect, whereas in the other conditions they act as distinctive activators of brass corrosion. The lowest values of corrosion currents are present in the brass samples with the highest deformation degree at 80%. The process of dezincification and anode dissolution of cold deformed brass samples were developed in the whole range of tested potentials.     

H2S浓度对35CrMo钢应力腐蚀开裂的影响

用电化学技术研究了35CrMo钢在含有不同浓度H₂S溶液中的腐蚀行为,通过慢应变速率拉伸实验研究了35CrMo钢在不同浓度H₂S介质中的应力腐蚀开裂 (SCC) 行为与机理。结果表明：35CrMo钢在pH值为5的H₂S环境下存在SCC敏感性,H₂S浓度升高,SCC敏感性增加,H₂S浓度为200 mg/L时有明显的SCC敏感性。H₂S浓度达到200 mg/L时,能明显促进35CrMo钢腐蚀电化学过程进行。在pH值为5的H₂S环境下,35CrMo钢的SCC机制是以氢脆 (HE) 为主,阳极溶解(AD)为辅的协同机制。     

黄铜脱锌腐蚀行为特征的电子探针分析

黄铜脱锌作为一种选择性腐蚀现象给生产和生活带来很大的安全隐患.添加一些合金元素可以改善脱锌现象,改善黄铜的耐腐蚀性能.使用岛津电子探针EPMA测试了某种含锡的黄铜,表征了其脱锌腐蚀行为特征,以及添加的合金元素锡的分布特征及其在提高黄铜耐腐蚀性能方面的作用,即脱锌腐蚀首先发生在暴露于基体表面的β相晶粒,然后通过晶界和相界...