汽车覆盖件成形中拉延筋的设计与数值模拟

汽车覆盖件冲压成形中容易出现未充分变形、起皱、变薄、拉裂等缺陷。为了提高成形质量,通常在模具上设置拉延筋来控制坯料的流动,从而提高成形质量。在有限元模拟仿真中,为了简化网格划分,减少计算时间,通常采用等效拉延筋,因此给出了等效拉延筋的拉延阻力和最小压边力计算模型。使用有限元分析软件Autoform模拟了某汽车覆盖件的拉延成形,并通过改变拉延筋的几何尺寸,改善了拉延成形工艺,缩短了模具的开发周期,降低了设计成本。     

拉延筋计算模型在数值模拟中的应用与比较

在模拟软件Dynaform中,将文献[3]中建立的拉延筋阻力计算模型作为等效拉延筋使用,模拟分析了表盘座某部件的成形.分析结果表明,在分析起皱、破裂等成形问题时,文中建立的拉延筋阻力计算模型比使用Dynaform自带等效拉延筋更接近使用真实拉延筋模拟的结果.     

等效拉深筋精细数值化模型与起皱模拟应用

提出一种等效拉深筋精细数值化模型。根据拉深筋与弹簧的作用效果相似的特点,在板料冲压成形动力显式算法中采用弹簧单元处理等效拉深筋模型,实时、同步地反映等效拉深筋模型的被动作用效果,能更准确地模拟冲压成形过程中板料的流动规律。实际汽车覆盖件实验结果表明,等效拉深筋精细数值化模型能够准确模拟拉延成形过程中局部起皱的产生、发展和最终起皱的形貌。     

拉延筋布置对某汽车零件拉深成形质量的影响

在汽车零件的成形过程中,拉延筋的方式和布置方案对零件的拉深成形质量有重要影响。本文以有限元模拟软件AutoForm为平台,以某型号汽车结构件为例,分别研究了拉深成形过程中等效拉延筋、真实拉延筋两种布置方式对零件成形质量的影响,通过对比分析模拟结果,最终确定了两种方式下满足零件成形质量的拉延筋布置方案。     

等效拉延筋在板料成形毛坯设计中的应用研究

研究了等效拉延筋在板料成形毛坯设计中的应用，提出利用反向方法结合等效拉延筋进行毛坯设计的设计思想。并通过实例的研究表明设计的毛坯是合理的，同时也表明结合等效拉延筋的毛坯设计方法可以用于大型覆盖件的毛坯设计。     

确定拉延筋约束阻力的一种数值模拟方法

利用率形式的虚功原理和考虑弯曲影响的 Mindlin曲壳单元 ,根据塑性变形体积不可压缩的假设 ,将大变形弹塑性有限元应用于板料成形过程中 ,建立了接触摩擦模型。在此基础上 ,利用自行开发的软件 Sheet Form模拟板料流经拉延筋的过程 ,确定板料成形数值模拟中建立等效拉延筋模型需要的拉延筋约束阻力、塑性厚向应变和最小压边力 3个边界条件 ,并与Nine等人的实验结果进行对比 ,证明了该方法的有效性     

基于Dynaform对拉延筋在板材拉深中的应用研究

板材冲压工艺应用十分广泛,如何提高板材在拉深工艺中的成形质量,是从事冲压的技术人员和研究人员一直关注的热点问题。在板材拉深成形控制中设置拉延筋是既经济灵活又广泛运用的方法。在参考国内外资料的基础上,应用CAE中的专用分析软件Dynaform分别模拟了有拉延筋和无拉延筋存在的板材拉深成形过程,并对各自的数值模拟的结果进行对比分析,得出了拉延筋可以更有效地提高拉延件的成形质量的结论。     

改进的等效拉延筋阻力模型及其应用

提出了一种改进的等效拉延筋阻力模型，采用三维有限元分析方法对客货箱右／左后门柱内板连接板的拉延成形工序进行模具设计和毛坯几何形状的优化。结合改进的等效拉延筋阻力模型，采用非线性约束优化算法对拉延筋结构进行了优化设计。根据有限元分析和优化设计结果进行实冲实验可得到质量良好的覆盖件产品，并且其典型截面的厚度分布与实验结果吻合良好，证明了改进的等效拉延筋阻力模型能准确反映板料通过拉延筋时的摩擦和弯曲阻力。     

等效拉延筋模型及其在板料成形数值模拟中的应用

讨论等效拉延筋的建模方法、常用模型及其在板料成形数值模拟中的应用情况,并指出研究中仍存在的问题及今后的发展方向。     

基于灰色理论和GA-BP的拉延筋参数反求

采用灰色关联分析对影响拉延筋阻力的因子进行分析,获得主要的影响因子.利用拉丁超立方试验设计方法对主要因子进行取样,利用DYNAFORM软件对方盒件成形进行仿真,得到样本数据.以成形件中的减薄、增厚和主应变为输入,以拉延筋几何参数为输出,建立拉延筋参数的反求模型.利用遗传算法优化反向传播(Back propagation,BP)网络权值,通过与单纯使用BP进行映射得出的几何参数预测值进行比较,该模型的精度得到很大提高,表明基于遗传算法(Genetic algorithm,GA)优化的BP神经网络的模型能极大提高预测能力.基于GA-BP模型,以拉延筋几何参数为输入,增厚为输出目标,利用训练好的优化权值,获得拉延筋几何参数与成形件增厚的非线性映射关系式,并再次利用遗传算法对其优化,获得最佳的拉延筋几何参数.通过比较优化前后的数值仿真结果,优化后的拉延筋能极大地提高板料成形性能.     

两种强化模型在拉伸筋阻力计算中的比较

将等向强化模型与运动中化模型分别引入逐级更新Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ有限元列式,采用八节点平面 应变单元,对拉伸筋阻力进行了数值计算,并将两种模型的计算结果进行了比较与讨论,运动强化模型更好地反映了板料在拉伸筋处的弯曲反弯过程,可以更准确地预测拉伸筋阻力。     

真实拉延筋参数化建模及其在薄板冲压仿真中的应用

提出一种参数化的拉延筋网格模型建模方法,在自主开发的有限元前处理软件中,建立了具有真实几何尺寸的半圆形、三角形拉延筋和拉深槛的网格模型,并提供了灵活的拉延筋布置手段。提出一种改进的全四边形网格加密方法,对成形过程中将会流过拉延筋区域的板料网格,以及可能与模具上曲率变化大的区域相接触的板料网格进行加密操作,以满足网格的适应性要求。提出一系列的网格拓扑清理模版,对加密后的网格进行拓扑清理操作,有效地提高了板料网格的质量。大量的算例证明所提出方法具有较高的精度和较强的工程实用性。     

Analysis of drawbead process by static-explicit finite element method

The problem analyzed here is a sheet metal forming process which requires a drawbead. The drawbead provides the sheet metal enough tension to be deformed plastically along the punch face and consequently, ensures a proper shape of final products by fixing the sheet to the die. Therefore, the optimum design of drawbead is indispensable in obtaining the desired formability. A static-explicit Finite element analysis is carried out to provide a perspective tool for designing the drawbead. The finite element formulation is constructed from static equilibrium equation and takes into account the boundary condition that involves a proper contact condition. The deformation behavior of sheet material is formulated by the elastic-plastic constitutive equation. The finite element formulation has been solved based on an existing method that is called the static-explicit method. The main features of the static-explicit method are first that there is no convergence problem. Second, the problem of contact and friction is easily solved by application of very small time interval. During the analysis of drawbead processes, the strain distribution and the drawing force on drawbead can be analyzed. And the effects of bead shape and number of beads on sheet forming processes were investigated. The results of the static explicit analysis of drawbead processes show no convergence problem and comparatively accurate results even though severe high geometric and contact-friction nonlinearity. Moreover, the computational results of a static-explicit finite element analysis can supply very valuable information for designing the drawbead process in which the defects of final sheet product can be removed.     

拉深筋对板材变形特征和力学性能的影响研究

采用实验方法将金属板材拉过不同尺寸的拉深筋镶块,分析了拉深筋高度、圆角半径以及过筋次数对板材变形特征的影响规律,研究了过筋产生的预应变对板材后续力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：板材流过拉深筋后,流动方向上发生均匀的拉伸变形;过筋产生的预应变随着拉深筋高度增大而增大,随着圆角半径增大而减小,随着过筋次数增加而近似线性增大;预应变越大,材料后续屈服强度和抗拉强度越高,但后续延伸率越小,总延伸率随着预应变增大表现出先减小后增大的趋势。     

拉伸筋阻力的一种简便解析模型

采用平面应变假设,通过对板料在拉伸筋处变形过程的分析,并考虑了材料的各向异性、应变速率敏感与包辛格效应,推导出一种计算拉伸筋阻力的简便计算解析模型。将计算结果与有关试验结果进行了对比,证明了该计算方法的有效性。     

A FE technique to improve the accuracy of drawbead models and verification with channel drawing experiments of a high-strength steel

A drawbead modeling technique is presented to improve the accuracy of finite element simulations in terms of part draw-in and thickness predictions and validated with channel drawing experiments of a high-strength low-alloy steel. The drawing characteristics of 1.5-mm thickness blanks are obtained with strip drawing tests with a round drawbead, and drawbead model parameters are computed for three bead settings. The consequences of bending deformation cycles are determined experimentally on strip draw-in and thickness values, and model limitations of equivalent drawbead elements are also assessed for test conditions in which the drawbead restraint force is lower than the sectional yield limit. The influence of omitted drawbead geometry and overestimated drawbead-exit thickness are described using an analytical model, and a closed form expression is obtained to correct draw-in model error under sectional deformation conditions. Blank thickness and equivalent strain at the drawbead exit are additional drawbead model parameters of the proposed technique. Then, drawing simulations of a variable section, open-ended channel part are performed. The drawbead design, bead settings and tool-blank interface conditions are identical to those in strip drawing tests. Computed draw-in and thickness distributions were compared with measurements on produced channels using an experimental channel draw die. It is concluded that simulation models, based on drawbead force parameters only, overestimate blank thickness at the die entry and bring about relatively high draw-in values along part border lines. The thickness distribution predicted with proposed technique shows an enhanced correlation with on-part thickness measurements, and bead penetration effects on channel border lines are also simulated acceptably.