磷石膏生产纸面石膏板的预处理研究

采用湿法磷酸生产中副产的磷石膏(二水硫酸钙)生产纸面石膏板时,磷石膏中的水溶性磷和氟会影响纸面石膏板的抗折强度,以及生产过程中的初凝、终凝时间;磷石膏的酸度会影响二水硫酸钙的结晶状态。试验表明：加水调浆后的磷石膏质量分数控制为60%,搅拌30 min后过滤,可除去47.62%(质量分数,下同)的水溶性磷和61.29%的氟;在加水调浆后的磷石膏中加入0.20%的生石灰,可以改善磷石膏的酸碱度,提高纸面石膏板的抗折强度。对磷石膏进行预处理,可以提高纸面石膏板的抗折强度,缩短生产过程中的初凝、终凝时间。     

磷石膏预处理工艺对硫酸钙晶须性能影响的研究

磷石膏预处理工艺对制备出性能优良的硫酸钙晶须起关键作用.本文系统地研究了水洗、石灰中和、球磨、浮选、筛分、水洗球磨、石灰中和球磨等预处理工艺对硫酸钙晶须性能的影响,分析了不同预处理工艺的效果、存在的问题及其可行性.结果表明:磷石膏中可溶性P2O5和F对硫酸钙晶须性能影响较大,磷石膏经过预处理后,制备的硫酸钙晶须形貌较规...     

磷石膏在石膏板中的应用研究

通过对磷石膏放射性、杂质等的分析,研究磷石膏对石膏板性能的影响,探讨磷石膏在纸面石膏板生产和应用中的特点。结果表明:大部分磷石膏的放射性低于国标GB 6566—2010的限量,但相较于脱硫石膏,其放射性内、外照射指数较高;磷石膏的pH大部分在3～5;磷石膏中酸不溶物和铁铝含量较高;磷石膏样品的w(可溶性F)大多小于0.02%;水洗处理可有效降低磷石膏的杂质含量;乳化石蜡可作为磷石膏基耐水石膏板的防水剂;相较于脱硫石膏,以磷石膏为原料制备的纸面石膏板耐火性能较高。     

对磷石膏不同处理方法脱磷效果的实验研究

在实验室采用水洗法、石灰中和法及煅烧法处理磷石膏。实验结果表明：经过3次循环水洗涤、石灰中和及800℃煅烧处理后，均可使磷石膏中水溶性P2O5降到0.1％以下，满足磷石膏综合利用要求。     

不同改性处理方法对磷石膏水泥调凝剂性能的影响

采用了3种不同的处理方法,包括水洗法、石灰中和法及石灰粉煤灰复合改性法来处理磷石膏,并对其配制的水泥进行了物理性能的检测.结果表明,水洗磷石膏做调凝剂其凝结时间长于掺天然石膏的水泥;石灰中和磷石膏与天然石膏的效果比较一致;石灰粉煤灰改性磷石膏可以有效固化或固结可溶磷和可溶氟,效果更明显,在代替天然石膏的同时,还可节省熟料.     

脱除磷石膏中水溶磷、水溶氟的实验研究

磷石膏的综合利用对磷化工行业可持续发展和长江流域生态保护具有重大意义。但是磷石膏中含有少量磷、氟以及有机物等有害杂质影响其应用性能,不能直接利用。因此,通过采用石灰中和、水洗、浮选3种净化除杂预处理工艺研究了云南安宁某公司磷石膏中水溶磷、水溶氟的脱除规律。结果表明,石膏调浆-石灰-母液循环预处理技术能有效脱除磷石膏中的水溶磷、水溶氟,脱除率分别为74.95%、76.20%,质量分数可降至0.090%、0.043%,满足GB/T 23456—2018《磷石膏》的二级品指标限值要求;三级逆流水洗工艺也能有效脱除磷石膏中的水溶磷、水溶氟,脱除率分别为78.81%、89.94%,质量分数可降至0.087%、0.018%,预处理后的磷石膏质量也可达到GB/T 23456—2018《磷石膏》的二级品指标要求;而“一粗二精”正浮选工艺不仅能实现石膏和石英的高效分离,而且也能实现水溶磷、水溶氟的有效脱除,从而提高了产品纯度,并且达到GB/T 23456—2018《磷石膏》的一级品指标要求。从经济可行性角度和当前磷石膏的低值化利用途径分析,研究形成的石膏调浆-石灰-母液循环磷石膏预处理工艺更具有适用性。     

陵县用废磷石膏生产纸面石膏板

山东陵县通过引进招商项目 ,将境内山东绿源集团的废磷石膏加工成具有防潮、防火的室内装修材料纸面石膏板。目前 ,该县石膏板生产企业已达 10家 ,年生产纸面石膏板 110 0万ｍ2 ,利税可达 32 5万元。绿源集团的磷石膏也因此成了众企业争购的原料 ,年可增收 5 0万元。作为一种新型的绿色建材 ,纸面石膏板以其质轻、防火、隔热、隔音、吸潮、节能、抗震、施工方便快捷、装饰效果好等独到优势 ,正广泛应用于内隔墙、护墙和天花板吊顶等装饰、装修 ,市场需求量很大。而以废磷石膏为原料加工的纸面石膏板 ,每吨产品的原料成本可以降低 6 0元 ,每…     

我国磷石膏资源化应用的现状及前景

2010年我国磷石膏产量约60 Mt,综合利用量在10 Mt左右,主要用作水泥缓凝剂和生产纸面石膏板、石膏砌块等石膏建材。根据国家"十二五"发展规划,预计2015年我国磷石膏产量将达到80 Mt。介绍了我国磷石膏制纸面石膏板、石膏砌块、石膏砖、硫酸、硫酸铵、硫酸钾等产品的技术现状。根据"十二五"期间建材、化工产品等对磷石膏的需求,乐观估计,2015年我国磷石膏综合利用率有望超过40%的发展目标。对今后磷石膏资源化利用提出几点建议。     

磷石膏水洗净化试验及工艺

1磷石膏杂质含量对其应用性能的影响磷石膏与天然石膏相比含有较多杂质,这些杂质的存在对其应用性能造成了有害影响。磷石膏中磷分为可溶性磷和非可溶性磷;对石膏制品造成影响的主要是可溶性磷和共晶体磷。氟以可溶氟(NaF)与CaF2、Na2SIF6等难溶氟形态存在;对石膏制品造成影响的主要是可溶氟。磷石膏中钾、钠主要以碳酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、氟化物等可溶盐形式存在;磷石膏制品受潮时,钾、钠离子沿硬化体孔隙迁移至表面,水分蒸发后在表面析晶,使制品表面产生起霜和粉化现象。磷、氟影响石膏制品的凝结时间和强度,钾、钠过高会出现纸面石膏板生产中不粘纸现象。本试验采取水洗处理方法,去除磷石膏中杂质,从而使磷石膏能广泛用于纸面石膏板、石膏砌块等建材产品的生产。     

Situation and prospects of China＇s the phosphogypsum resources applications

2010年我国磷石膏产量约60Mt,综合利用量在10Mt左右,主要用作水泥缓凝剂和生产纸面石膏板、石膏砌块等石膏建材。根据国家“十二五”发展规划,预计2015年我国磷石膏产量将达到80Mt。介绍了我国磷石膏制纸面石膏板、石膏砌块、石膏砖、硫酸、硫酸铵、硫酸钾等产品的技术现状。根据“十二五”期间建材、化工产品等对磷石膏的需求,乐观估计,2015年我国磷石膏综合利用率有望超过40％的发展目标。对今后磷石膏资源化利用提出几点建议。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。