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《化学工程》2013,(10)
通过间歇实验考察了搅拌速度、反应温度、磷酸含量、H3PO4/Ca5F(PO4)3摩尔比、NH4HSO4/Ca5F(PO4)3摩尔比和初始NH4HSO4含量等工艺条件对磷酸/硫酸氢铵混合分解贵州翁福磷矿的影响。结果表明:随着反应温度、NH4HSO4/Ca5F(PO4)3、初始NH4HSO4含量的增大,磷矿转化率呈现先增加后减小的趋势。优化的工艺条件为:搅拌速度为400 r/min,反应温度为65℃,磷酸含量为质量分数30%P2O5,H3PO4/Ca5F(PO4)3摩尔比为10,NH4HSO4/Ca5F(PO4)3摩尔比为6.5,溶液中初始NH4HSO4含量为质量分数3%SO3,在此条件下磷矿的转化率可达到95.0%。采用磷酸/硫酸氢铵混合分解磷矿可降低磷矿酸解所需的硫酸消耗量,同时降低后续氨中和过程的气氨消耗量,为实现氯碱、硫酸和肥料工业产业链的结合创造了条件。 相似文献
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以磷矿为原料制备磷酸,通过化学沉淀法脱氟除杂质得到净化的磷酸,再将净化后的磷酸与碳酸钙反应制备饲料级磷酸二氢钙.考察了硫酸质量分数、石灰乳用量、反应时间和反应温度4个因素对磷酸二氢钙产率的影响,得到了制备磷酸二氢钙的最佳工艺条件:硫酸质量分数60%,石灰乳用量7.00 g,反应时间1.5h,反应温度50℃.在此最佳工艺... 相似文献
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脲硫酸分解磷矿过程第一阶段反应动力学研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在反应温度333—358 K,硫酸质量分数29%—43%范围内,用纯试剂研究了尿素存在条件下硫酸分解磷矿过程第一阶段的反应速率,得到第一阶段反应活化能为9985 J/mol,反应级数为1.0309;与硫酸分解磷矿反应系统进行对照,对硫酸分解磷矿反应系统,反应活化能为9867 J/mol,反应级数为0.8218。影响反应速率的指前因子为k0,硫酸分解磷矿的k0值相当于脲硫酸分解磷矿的k0值的3.4倍。加入尿素后,第一阶段分解速率明显减慢。该研究较好地解释了脲硫酸分解磷矿工艺过程中磷矿分解率较高,硫酸钙包裹减轻、无需较长的堆置熟化期的问题,对于脲硫酸分解磷矿工艺条件的选择具有理论指导意义。 相似文献
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《无机盐工业》2017,(9)
以湿法磷酸制备的饲料级磷酸氢钙为原料,开发工业级磷酸二氢钾的生产工艺。通过加入适量的磷酸提高磷酸氢钙的分解率,研究了磷酸氢钙与磷酸的预分解反应条件及其与硫酸氢钾复分解反应的条件。优化条件:饲料级磷酸氢钙悬浮液的液固比为4 mL/g,磷酸、磷酸氢钙、硫酸氢钾物质的量比为0.3∶1∶1,反应温度为60℃,硫酸氢钾在反应开始的1 h内均匀加入,反应时间为2 h。在此条件下,复分解反应中饲料级磷酸氢钙中的磷收率达到94.5%,硫酸氢钾中的钾收率达到99.9%。研究提出,以磷酸预分解磷酸氢钙以及结晶母液循环的磷酸二氢钾制备工艺,解决了磷和钾收率低以及生产成本高的问题,同时无废液排放。 相似文献
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阐述磷化工生产的一种高效益,低能耗,完全综合利用磷矿中磷、钙、氟等各种元素的新理念和新方法,改变了原用硫酸分解磷矿的传统方法。介绍酸解磷矿新方法的工艺流程、主要反应方程式,可以获得的产品有Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O等磷化工产品、高纯晶须CaSO4、高纯微球纳米碳酸钙、K2SiF6、三元硫基复合肥等。 相似文献
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磷酸分解磷矿的化学过程及其模型 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用热法磷酸制成含 2 0 % P2 O5左右的磷酸 ,用以与云南上蒜磷矿进行分解反应。在实验条件下 ,研究了分解产物 Ca(H2 PO4) 2 在磷矿颗粒表面形成固体膜的特性。研究了磷矿粒度、反应时间、反应温度、初始磷酸浓度对磷矿分解率的影响。用扫描电镜观察了磷矿颗粒表面形成的固体膜的形貌特征。用粒径不变的缩芯模型来描述磷酸分解磷矿的过程。推导出了该过程的理论模型和实验数据的回归模型 相似文献
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Controlled-release phosphate fertilizers include phosphate rocks (PRs) for direct application, partially acidulated phosphate
rocks (PAPRs) and thermal phosphates. Phosphate rocks contain apatite as the main P containing mineral, the composition and
the chemical nature of which vary between PRs. Based on the solubility in chemical extractants PRs are broadly grouped into
‘reactive’ and ‘unreactive’. The ‘reactivity’ of PRs is influenced strongly by the extent of carbonate substitution for phosphate
in the apatite minerals. Under certain soil and climatic conditions reactive PRs (RPRs) can be used as a source of P for direct
application.
Partially acidulated phosphate rocks (PAPRs) are produced either by direct partial acidulation of PRs with mineral acids or
by mixing PRs with fully acidulated superphosphate reaction mixtures. Partial acidulation of PRs with H3PO4 generally results in higher water soluble P contents than those acidulated with H2SO4. Mixing of RPRs with superphosphate reaction mixtures sometimes results in the preferential consumption of free acid and
thereby increases the amounts of residual unreacted PRs.
Thermal phosphates are produced by either heating PRs below melting point both in the presence and the absence of silica (calcined
phosphates) or heating PRs with silica above melting point (fused phosphate). These phosphates are alkaline in nature and
hence suitable for acidic soils. 相似文献
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评述了世界饲料磷酸盐产品的品种,包括磷酸氢钙、磷酸二氢钙、脱氟磷酸钙等,市场需求量变化情况,主要生产工艺的比较,生产能力与产量变化及现状等。介绍了影响饲料磷酸盐市场需求变化的因素并对饲料磷酸盐所面对的生物技术、生物效价、生产环保等问题进行分析,预测了饲料磷酸盐的发展方向。 相似文献
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J. Hagin S. S. S. Rajan M. K. Boyes M. Upsdell 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》1990,22(2):109-117
Five phosphate rocks varying in formic acid P solubility from 18.9 to 52.7%, expressed as percentage of total P, were acidulated with phosphoric or sulphuric acids to 0, 20%, 33% and 50% of full acidulation and granulated. In an incubation experiment fertilizer granules of diameter 1–2 mm were mixed with two acid soils and after 1 week incubation soil samples were extracted with a 0.5 M NaOH solution. In a dissipation experiment single fertilizer granules of 4 mm diameter were implanted into soil, incubated for 1 and 4 weeks and inorganic P fractionation in the residual granules and the surrounding soil was performed. Dissipated P was greater than the water soluble P content of the partly acidulated phosphate rock fertilizers indicating the dissolution of the non-acidulated phosphate rocks. The amount of P dissipated was related to the initial water soluble P content and to the formic acid solubility of phosphate rocks used for manufacturing the fertilizers. The P dissipated increased with an increase in soil acidity. 相似文献
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在介绍国内外饲料磷酸盐发展概况的基础上,重点论述了饲料级磷酸氢钙和脱氟磷酸钙的生产方法和技术进步,并对加快我国饲料磷酸盐生产的发展提出了一些看法。 相似文献
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Water insoluble residues (WIR) of unreactive phosphate rocks in single superphosphate-reactive phosphate rock (SSP-RPR) mixtures are considered to reduce the agronomic value of these mixtures. A technique using concentration ratios of elements to identify the quantities of WIR of ground North Carolina (NC), ground Nauru and as received NC phosphate rocks in a SSP-RPR was developed. Of 22 elements tested P/Sr ratios were found to be the only element ratios that could be used to distinguish between WIR's derived from Nauru and NC. P/Sr ratios in Nauru and NC were markedly different and provided a useful index for differentiating between the two rocks. During acidulation the P/Sr concentration ratio remained essentially constant in the WIR's from both rocks.Using the element ratio technique the percentage of total P in the SSP-RPR sample was determined to be 60-61% water soluble, 5% water insoluble Nauru, 2% water insoluble ground NC and 32-33% water insoluble as received NC.The element ratio technique developed in this study can be applied to partially acidulated P fertilizers made with rocks other than NC and Nauru provided elements which satisfy the same conditions as Sr in this study can be found. 相似文献
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针对磷化渣产生的机理及危害,分析了磷化液中磷化渣的沉降特性,并在此基础上,结合本公司涂装车间,提出了一种新的除磷化渣装置系统及其管理技术。 相似文献