基于蒙特卡罗方法的圆度测量不确定度评定

利用蒙特卡罗方法对圆度测量的不确定度进行评定。首先,根据最小二乘法得到圆度的误差模型;然后采用蒙特卡罗仿真方法对测量值进行模拟仿真,从而得到圆度误差的不确定度;最后将评定结果与传统评定方法的结果进行比较。结果表明该方法是可行的,且计算更为简便。     

基于蒙特卡罗法与GUM法的直线度测量不确定度评定

由于形位误差测量的复杂性和测量结果评定的多样性,导致在实际测量结果中形位误差的不确定度评定成了难题。通过GUM法和蒙特卡罗法对直线度的测量不确定度进行评定。首先,根据最小二乘法得到直线度的误差模型;然后采用GUM方法对测量结果进行不确定度评定,采用蒙特卡罗仿真方法对测量值进行模拟仿真,从而得到直线度误差的不确定度;设置实验对比,通过数据分析验证了蒙特卡罗方法评定的可行性,为形位误差测量结果不确定度评定提供了更加简便的方法。     

基于特征模型的形状误差估计新方法

本文提出一种基于形状误差特征模型的新的形状误差估计理论和方法。该方法的基本思想是：首先建立待测轮廓的形状误差模型；然后通过对模型的合理性进行检验，来检验测量采样策略的合理性；最后依据所建立的模型进行形状误差估计以及不确定度定量分析。本文以圆度误差估计为例，通过蒙特卡罗仿真以及对实际工件的测量和数据处理详细论述了形状误差估计的数据处理过程。估计结果表明，本文提出的基于特征模型的形状误差估计方法在准确度和不确定度等指标上优于目前普遍采用的最小二乘估计方法。     

圆度误差的神经网络评定及测量不确定度研究

为了更为准确的而又简便的评定圆度误差及其不确定度,根据最小二乘法建立圆度误差模型,基于BP神经网络算法优化目标函数的参数,阐述了BP神经网络优化算法的原理和实现方法。通过求解实例表明该方法对于圆度误差评定的非线性优化问题能得到最优解。采用传统的测量不确定度表示指南方法和蒙特卡洛方法计算得到圆度误差的不确定度,通过实例验证蒙特卡洛法的可靠性和准确性。该方法不需要求出数学模型中的传递系数,利用MATLAB操作简单,为圆度误差测量结果不确定度评定提供了更加简便的方法。     

结构仿真高精度有限元网格划分方法

为了得到高精度计算结果的有限元网格,在有限元模型任一单元小片内将其误差分解为全局误差与局部误差两部分:局部误差是由于该单元小片内单元的残值所引起的,而全局误差是由单元小片外区域内单元的残值所导致。提出关键性区域的概念,并得出有限元求解模型中所有关键性区域的网格划分水平决定整个有限元模型的计算结果精度的论断。基于该结论建立高精度有限元网格划分方法流程。以连杆为实例,应用高精度有限元网格划分方法流程对连杆进行高精度网格划分。在压缩工况下,对其平面模型进行关键性区域的划分,并研究其误差特性,可知局部误差是连杆结构仿真误差的主导部分。划分疏密得当的高精度网格。应用实例证明了提出方法的可行性、实用性。     

有限元求解精度研究

首先对一实例进行理论计算,然后对其进行有限元分析,并对不同网格划分状态下的模型计算结果与理论结果进行比较.最后对有限元分析误差进行评估及原因分析,并得出有限元分析计算时网格划分并不是越细小越好,关键是"适度"的结论.     

有限元求解精度研究

首先对一实例进行理论计算,然后对其进行有限元分析,并对不同网格划分状态下的模型计算结果与理论结果进行比较,最后进行有限元分析误差评估及原因分析,并得出有限元分析计算时网格划分并不是越细小越好,关键是"适度"的结论.     

工业机器人运动学参数标定误差不确定度研究

为研究机器人末端定位不确定度分布规律,采用不确定度误差的评价方法对工业机器人标定方案得到的运动学参数进行了分析.采用基于各轴单独旋转拟合空间曲线的方法,解算获得运动学参数模型.在机器人标定模型的基础上,分析出各项运动学参数标定结果的不确定度.分析了各轴关节转角θ对不确定度的影响规律,并实验研究各轴在标定或者动态测量过程中,测量点数及测量角度等条件对测量不确定度的影响.推导出机器人末端位置误差不确定度的计算方法,并分别以机器人某一固定姿态和固定路径为例,研究了机器人末端位置误差的不确定度.采用激光跟踪仪做为闭环测量设备,实验验证了单轴运动空间曲线拟合方法,可有效地估计在整个机器人工作空间内的运动误差不确定度分布,标定后在x、y、z3个方向上定位不确定度分别为0.356 mm、0.582 mm和0.524 mm.     

CO分析仪测量不确定度的评定方法及误差分析

根据监测仪器的测量原理、校准方法分析不确定度的来源,按不确定度评定原则给出测量不确定度的评定方法;根据不确定度分量值,分析误差的主要来源.     

CO分析仪测量不确定度的评定方法及误差分析

根据监测仪器的测量原理、校准方法分析不确定度的来源,按不确定度评定原则给出测量不确定度的评定方法;根据不确定度分量值,分析误差的主要来源.     

装夹力导致的加工误差仿真

研究了一种装夹力作用下工件加工误差的仿真算法：首先采用有限元方法计算工件装夹变形，然后通过基于网格的映射方法计算装夹力释放后工件加工面的回弹变形，最后应用误差分析技术得到加工误差。典型工件的试验验证表明，算法是有效可行的。     

Domain decomposition parallel computing for transient two-phase flow of nuclear reactors

KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) has been developing a multi-dimensional two-phase flow code named CUPID for multi-physics and multi-scale thermal hydraulics analysis of Light water reactors (LWRs). The CUPID code has been validated against a set of conceptual problems and experimental data. In this work, the CUPID code has been parallelized based on the domain decomposition method with Message passing interface (MPI) library. For domain decomposition, the CUPID code provides both manual and automatic methods with METIS library. For the effective memory management, the Compressed sparse row (CSR) format is adopted, which is one of the methods to represent the sparse asymmetric matrix. CSR format saves only non-zero value and its position (row and column). By performing the verification for the fundamental problem set, the parallelization of the CUPID has been successfully confirmed. Since the scalability of a parallel simulation is generally known to be better for fine mesh system, three different scales of mesh system are considered: 40000 meshes for coarse mesh system, 320000 meshes for mid-size mesh system, and 2560000 meshes for fine mesh system. In the given geometry, both single- and two-phase calculations were conducted. In addition, two types of preconditioners for a matrix solver were compared: Diagonal and incomplete LU preconditioner. In terms of enhancement of the parallel performance, the OpenMP & MPI hybrid parallel computing for a pressure solver was examined. It is revealed that the scalability of hybrid calculation was enhanced for the multi-core parallel computation.     

一种用于汽车碰撞模拟的网格变量映射算法及其验证

在汽车碰撞模拟中,需要考虑零件冲压后的板料厚度变化、材料硬化以及残余应力对仿真结果的影响。由于冲压仿真后的零件仿真模型中网格变形大,单元尺寸小,并且总的单元数量多,冲压后的网格模型并不适合碰撞仿真。在有限元仿真结果分析基础上,提出一种把冲压仿真模型网格变量(如应力、应变和厚度分布)映射到碰撞仿真模型网格上的变量映射算法,并开发计算程序。通过比较采用不同网格的汽车B柱冲击仿真模型的计算结果,验证上面的算法。该算法解决了网格重划后其变量的映射问题,可以减少网格重划工作,为在汽车碰撞仿真中考虑冲压效应提供一种有效的方法。     

基于轮齿随机误差的齿轮系统动力学分析

基于影响齿轮动力学的误差主要是齿轮副中大齿轮的基节误差和齿形误差的结论,将每对齿轮副中大齿轮的基节误差和齿形误差合成为啮合误差,啮合误差幅值运用统计学的方法产生.在齿轮系统动力学方程中引入啮合误差,计算系统的幅频响应,并与未考虑随机误差的结果进行比较.     

Load-related dynamic behaviors of a helical gear pair with tooth flank errors

This study focused on the effects of tooth manufacturing errors (MEs) on the dynamic behaviors of a helical geared system. The composite mesh error is introduced and calculated, which is taken as error excitation in the dynamic model. A combined finite element method (FEM) and analytical contact model is used to investigate the interaction of mesh stiffness and MEs. The dynamic model is developed based on the finite element method and its effectiveness has been verified. By introducing stiffness excitation and error excitation, the effects of mesh stiffness and MEs can be easily distinguished in the total excitation. The influence degrees of these two factors are obtained at different torque levels by simulating the quasi-static and dynamic responses of the system. The results show that the composite mesh error will have great changes under light load conditions, and larger dynamic factors as well as decreased resonance speed will be brought. The excitation produced by manufacturing errors is dominate in the total vibration excitation in a light loading, while the excitation produced by mesh stiffness is becoming the dominating one in a heavy loading.     

基于交互的B样条曲面重建与误差计算

基于三角网格模型的B样条曲面重建技术得到深入发展,计算与显示重建后的B样条曲面与原始测量三角网格之间的误差对分析曲面重建品质有重要作用。一种较为实用的B样条曲面重建方法是对三角网格模型进行四边界区域划分后进行栅格式采样,再根据采样点进行B样条曲面拟合。针对这种重建方法,研究了一种建立三角网格顶点与四边界区域对应关系的算法,再用离散的方法计算点到对应曲面的距离误差,最后用线性插值方法实现误差彩色．云图的显示。     

CSDF:一种基于STL的无锯齿差分网格剖分算法

针对基于差分的铸造CAE系统生成体网格时图像显示呈锯齿状这一问题,提出了一种基于STL面片模型的无锯齿网格剖分算法。算法采用一种新的组件式有符号距离场(CSDF)模型来对多个STL实体进行剖分。该模型采用了一种稳健的容错方法,能够对不封闭、缺点、少面的STL实体进行正确的剖分;使用BSP树来加速计算每个网格中心点距离铸件、砂芯、铸型以及浇注系统等STL几何实体的最小距离,并规定位于内部的中心点的距离为负,外部为正,表面为零,使得每一个网格点有一个表示材质的数据,同时还有几个不同的距离值;材质数据用来表示物理属性,而距离值用来进行STL实体的布尔运算,以实现组件式的网格剖分和几何模型的重建,获得光滑的后处理图像。实例表明:算法可行,可实现组件式的几何实体无锯齿网格剖分,且剖分结果能进行数值计算。     

3~(1/2)互细分曲面的误差分析

针对细分控制网格与细分极限曲面的逼近度这一问题,基于细分控制网格的拓扑结构和细分模式的几何规则,提出一种3~(1/2)细分曲面的误差估计方法并给出一个误差估计公式。利用该公式,根据给定的精度,可事先知道细分之后控制网格满足该精度的最少细分次数而不需要实际对一个模型细分。结合该误差估计方法,给出一种3~(1/2)细分曲面数控加工刀具轨迹生成方法和一种用于直接在STL文件基础上提高精度的方法。试验结果表明这种误差估计方法的有效性。     

Adaptive multilevel method for the air bearing problem in hard disk drives

An adaptive grid-generating algorithm is constructed and integrated with the multigrid method to form a numerical scheme that suits slider air-bearing simulation of hard disk drives. The relative truncation error, a by-product of the multigrid method, is used in grid adaptation criteria. Finer meshes are constructed over nodes of the current finest grid where the relative truncation error exceeds a predetermined tolerance. The union of these finer meshes forms a new level of grid, which may not cover the entire domain of the coarse grid underneath. The final grid system thus constructed is composed of levels of uniform grids with decreasing mesh sizes. This composite grid structure incorporates with numerical resolution as needed and efficiency of computation. A shaped rail, negative pressure slider is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of this numerical scheme. Compared with the traditional multigrid method, the proposed adaptive multilevel method can significantly reduce the computation work for achieving the same level of accuracy.     

Incomplete two-manifold mesh-based tool path generation

This paper presents a new paradigm for three-axis tool path generation based on an incomplete two-manifold mesh model; namely, an inexact polyhedron. When geometric data is transferred from one system to another system and tessellated for tool path generation, the model does not have any topological data between meshes and facets. In contrast to the existing polyhedral machining approach, the proposed method generates tool paths from an incomplete two-manifold mesh model. In order to generate gouge-free tool paths, cutter-location meshes (CL-meshes) are generated by offsetting boundary edges, boundary vertices, and facets. The CL-meshes are sliced by machining planes and the calculated intersections are sorted, trimmed, and linked. The grid method is used to reduce the computing time when range searching problems arise. The method is fully implemented and verified by machining an incomplete two-manifold mesh model.