Study on Characteristics of Steady Flow Condensation Heat Transfer in a Fube Under Zero—Gravitation

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矩形微通道内流体流动特性的数值研究

对矩形微通道实体模型进行简化处理,并建立微通道内流体流动的数学模型.设定矩形微通道水力直径Dh=120～480 μm,入口雷诺数Re=ll.9～3 817.1,以20℃蒸馏水为流动工质,借助FLUENT分别对不同水力直径的三组矩形微通道内流体流动特性展开数值模拟研究,并将数值模拟结果与理论预测值及其他学者的研究结论进行对比.结果表明:随着微通道水力直径的减小,摩擦阻力系数、速度梯度和压强梯度都呈现增大趋势;在微尺度下,矩形微通道内临界Re提前,而且水力直径越小,临界Re值越小.     

有/无多孔介质的矩形T型管道内蒸汽 直接接触凝结流型的实验研究

采用高速摄影仪,对填充和未填充球形多孔介质的矩形T型管道内蒸汽直接接触凝结流型进行了可视化实验研究。研究发现未填充多孔介质条件下存在五种典型凝结流型:间歇凝结、振荡射流、稳态射流、尾部振荡射流和发散射流;填充多孔介质条件下则存在三种典型凝结流型:振荡射流、弹状稳定射流和雾状稳定射流。研究表明:多孔介质对凝结流型及汽羽形状有显著影响;由于多孔介质内部的黏滞阻力和惯性阻力,填充多孔介质的凝结流型类型减少;随着蒸汽流量的增加,凝结流型较快的进入到稳定状态,削弱了蒸汽直接接触凝结汽羽的振荡。     

珠状凝结模型对比研究

珠状凝结与膜状凝结相比是一种高效的、有相变的换热方式,得到了广泛关注。介绍了关于珠状凝结换热在实验和理论模型方面的研究状况,并进行了对比。并且考虑了接触角、促进层以及裸露表面强制对流换热的影响,建立了新的计算珠状凝结换热特性的模型,新模型可以计算不同工况下的不同换热结果。将新模型的计算结果与实验数据进行对比,发现二者较为吻合。为进一步研究珠状凝结换热提供了一定的理论依据。     

管外冷凝强化换热管的结构及发展趋势

介绍了各种类型的管外冷凝强化换热管,分析了其强化机理及结构特点,并总结得出:管外冷凝强化管的换热系数与管型有关,且各管型的结构参数对强化传热具有重要的作用.对国内外管外冷凝强化技术研究工作进行分析,结果表明,目前管外冷凝强化换热管的研究主要集中于翅片形状、翅片密度、翅片高度等结构参数对换热性能的影响.强化换热管的冷凝传热性能不仅与翅片结构参数有关,而且也与管材的表面特性和导热系数有关.管外冷凝强化换热管的研究重点是开发新型三维结构翅片的双侧强化管并研究其传热关联式,以及研究不锈钢等低成本材料制造的强化管换热管的传热性能和强化结构的优化.     

Experimental study of condensation heat transfer of R-134a flow in corrugated tubes with different inclinations

This experimental study is performed to investigate condensation heat transfer coefficient of R-134a flow inside corrugated tube with different inclinations. Different inclinations of test condenser ranging from − 90^° to + 90^° and various flow mass velocities in the range of 87 to 253 [kg/m²s] are considered in this study. Data analysis showed that change in the tube inclination had a significant effect on condensation heat transfer behavior. At low mass velocities, and low vapor qualities, the highest condensation heat transfer coefficient was obtained for α = + 30^° which was 1.41 times greater than the least one obtained for α = − 90^°. The results also showed that at all mass velocities, the highest average heat transfer coefficients were achieved for α = + 30^°. Based on the experimental results, a new empirical correlation is proposed to predict the condensation heat transfer coefficient of R134a flow in corrugated tubes with different inclinations.     

An Experimental Study of Carbon Dioxide Condensation in Mini Channels

In this study, the local characteristics of pressure drop and heat transfer were investigated experimentally for carbon dioxide condensation in a multi-port extruded aluminum test section, which had 10 circular channels each with 1.31 mm inner diameter. The CO2 was cooled with cooling water flow inside the copper blocks that were attached at both sides of the test section. The temperatures at the outer surface of the test section were measured with 24 K-type thermocouples embedded in the upper and lower surfaces along the length. Local heat fluxes were measured with 12 heat flux sensors to estimate the local enthalpies, temperatures and heat transfer coefficients. Bulk mean temperatures of CO2 at the inlet and outlet of the test section were measured with 2 K-type thermocouples. The measurements were performed for the pressure ranged from 6.48 to 7.3 MPa, inlet temperature of CO2 from 21.63 to 31.33℃, heat flux from 1.10 to 8.12 kW/m2, mass velocity from 123.2 to 315.2 kg/m2s, and vapor quality from 0 to 1. The results indicate that pressure drop is very small along the test section, heat transfer coefficient in the two-phase region is higher than that in the single-phase, and mass velocity has important effect on condensation heat transfer characteristics. In addition, experimental data were compared with previous correlations and large discrepancies were observed.     

Heat transfer characteristics in a condenser of closed two‐phase thermosyphon: Effect of entrainment on heat transfer deterioration

Condensation heat transfer in a closed two‐phase thermosyphon is experimentally examined using two different types of test section. Test Section 1 is a straight‐pipe‐type thermosyphon, whereas Test Section 2 has a large‐diameter evaporator compared with a condenser to minimize entrainment at the evaporator. Condensation heat transfer in Test Section 1 shows much lower heat transfer coefficients than those estimated by a Nusselt theory. This low condensation heat transfer occurs due to a working fluid entrainment. It is confirmed from a result of Test Section 2 that the condensation heat transfer is similar to the values predicted by the Nusselt theory as far as the effect of the working fluid entrainment is negligible and flooding does not occur. A new correlation for the heat transfer coefficient considering the effect of entrainment is proposed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(3): 212–225, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.10030     

An experimental study on vapor condensation of wet flue gas in a plastic heat exchanger

An experimental system investigating condensation heat transfer of wet flue gas was set up, and the heat transfer performance of vapor‐gas mixture with vapor condensation was discussed. The experimental results of laminar flow in a plastic longitudinal spiral plate heat exchanger were obtained and are in good agreement with the modified classical film model. It is shown that the plastic air preheater can avoid acid corrosion in the low‐temperature field for the boiler using fuel containing sulfur and recover latent heat of the water vapor of the wet flue gas. Also some SO₂ was scrubbed during the vapor condensing process in the heat exchanger. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(7): 571–580, 2001     

Influence of Tube‘s Diameter on Boling Heat Transfer Performance in Small Diameter Tubes

This paper reports the experiments of evaporation study in 6 mm inner copper diameter tubes using HFC-134a, HCFC-22 and CFC-12 as working fluid. The results show that the evaporation heat transfer coefficient increases with the decreasing of inner diameter of tubes. A new concept of non-dimensional tube diameter U is proposed in this paper for correction of the influence of the tube diameter on the evaporation heat transfer coefficient. And further, a convenient empirical correction method is presented.     

空气横掠矩形翅片椭圆管束换热规律的数值研究

采用Fluent软件对矩形翅片椭圆管束空气侧的对流换热情况进行了三维数值模拟,获得了不同流速下翅片表面温度分布,分析了迎面风速与换热系数之间的关系,随着速度的增大,空气侧的换热系数增加,并拟合了换热计算公式。同时分析了不同翅片间距对换热的影响因素,随着翅片间距的增大,空气侧换热系数增加,而且随着Rg数的增加,换热的强化更加明显。     

Gravity-controlled condensation heat transfer of carbon dioxide (relationship between condensation condition and heat transfer)

This paper concerns the condensation of carbon dioxide and its heat transfer on a vertical surface in the subcritical region. In this region, the physical properties of carbon dioxide show significant temperature and pressure dependence. In particular, as the pressure increases and approaches the critical pressure, the difference in the properties of liquid and vapor, and surface tension approach zero. Therefore, condensate flow from natural convection decreases and the configuration of condensation may differ from that at lower pressures. In this study, the configuration of condensation is observed and at the same time, condensation heat transfer is obtained by measuring the volume of condensate. Heat transfer is discussed in connection with the configuration. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res 25(4): 214–225, 1996     

竖直矩形窄缝两相同向分相流动沸腾传热模型

首次对竖直矩形窄缝内的汽液分相流动区提出一维两相同向分相流动沸腾传热模型 ,并进行了数值计算 ,得到不同质量流速下液膜厚度变化和沸腾传热系数等结果。沸腾传热系数的模型预测值初步与已有实验关联式进行了比较 ,两者基本吻合 ,偏差在± 1 4% ;从而证实了液膜导热是竖直矩形窄缝内汽液分相流动区沸腾传热的主导机理。     

油浓度对小管径水平内螺纹管内R404A冷凝换热影响的实验研究

研究了强制对流条件下水平内螺纹管内R404A气液两相流冷凝换热特性,主要讨论油浓度对外径为5 mm的内螺纹管内R404A冷凝换热的影响。实验中油浓度变化范围为0~5%,设置入口平均饱和冷凝温度为40℃,质量流密度变化范围为200~400 kg/(m~2·s),热流密度变化范围为5~45 kW/m~2。实验研究表明:油的出现恶化了换热,在油浓度为1%以下时恶化作用可以忽略,但随着油浓度的增加换热恶化作用越来越明显;对于纯R404A和油浓度为1%的R404A-油混合物,冷凝换热系数随着制冷剂蒸汽干度的降低而逐渐减小;对于油浓度为3%和5%的R404A-油混合物,随着制冷剂蒸汽干度的下降,冷凝换热系数先增加然后逐渐减小,在干度为0.7~0.75之间呈现出一个冷凝换热系数的峰值。同一质量流密度下,换热系数惩罚因子会随着干度的增加而减小,即干度越大,换热恶化作用越大;当质量流密度从200 kg/(m~2·s)增加到400 kg/(m~2·s)时,同一油浓度下油对换热系数的恶化作用相对变小。     

Dropwise condensation heat transfer of steam on a polytethefluoroethylene film

bouctionThe higher heat tranSfer phae due todroPwise condensation as cOmPared with filIncondensation had bo inveshgated extensively by manyresearchers durin the past sixty years["n. Grea PrOgI'esshad been Inade in understanding the IneCanisms fordroPwise condensation pessP'q, However unscondensation mode had not been widely aPPlied toPIaedcal heat exchanger devices due tO the crucialProblem of han an effeChve method formanhaurin the bopwise condensation sbos.ReCetly, the successful aP…     

An experimental heat transfer study for periodically varying-curvature curved-pipe

Experiments were conducted for water flowing through a varying-curvature curved-pipe inside a larger diameter straight pipe to form a double-pipe heat exchanger with water as the working medium. The heat transfer coefficients were obtained using the Wilson plot method. The effects of the Dean, Prandtl, Reynolds number and the curvature ratio on the average heat transfer coefficients and the friction factors are presented. A higher Dean number results in a higher heat transfer rate. It is found that the heat transfer rate may be increased by up to 100%, as compared with a straight pipe, while the friction coefficient increased by less than 40%. Therefore, it is promising to use S-shaped pipes instead of straight pipes for the performance enhancement for a heat exchanger such as a solar collector.     

基于VOF模型的膜状冷凝传热分析

基于流体体积函数法(volume of fluid,VOF)建立垂直平行平板通道内膜状冷凝传热预测数值模型,膜状冷凝传热传质过程模拟通过在VOF模型守恒方程中施加基于界面能量平衡方法的源项实现。通过数值分析研究发现,在壁面的顶部,冷凝液膜最薄,存在层流区域;冷凝液向下流动,一系列不规则的波纹随之出现;影响冷凝传热的主要因素是蒸汽的流速、液膜厚度及流动状态等。     

An experimental study of heat transfer in an open thermosyphon

An experimental study was performed on heat transfer of an open thermosyphon with constant wall heat flux. Water and aqueous glycerin were used as working fluids. The experimental range of modified Rayleigh number was 1 × 10³ < Ra_m < 3 × 10⁵. The average and local heat transfer coefficients, vertical temperature distributions of the tube wall and fluid at the centerline of the tube, and temperature fluctuations of the fluid were measured. Flow patterns were observed by adding tracer powder to the fluid. Fluid velocities were measured by laser Doppler velocimeter. Experimental results indicate that, for a water thermosyphon, there are three regimes where different heat transfer characteristics and flow patterns occur. For 1 × 10³ < Ra_m < 3 × 10³, the flow was laminar and the thermal boundary layer reached the center of the tube. Heat was exchanged between the wall and descending flow. Wall temperature increased in the downward direction. For 4 × 10³ < Ra_m < 3 × 10⁴, no turbulence was observed in the flow and the thermal boundary layer was localized in the vicinity of the wall. The wall temperature increased upward. For 3 × 10⁴ < Ra_m < 3 × 10⁵, flow was considerably disturbed by the mixing of upward and downward flow in the upper part of the tube. However, the flow was laminar in the lower part of the tube. Reduction of the flow rate induced by the flow mixing at high Ra_m can be one of the major causes of the deterioration of heat transfer from Lighthill's theory. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(4): 301–312, 2001     

A fractal analysis of dropwise condensation heat transfer

In this paper, a fractal model for dropwise condensation heat transfer is developed based on the fractal characteristics of drop size distributions on condensing surfaces. Expressions for the fractal dimension and area fraction of drop sizes are derived, which are shown to be a function of temperature difference between condensing surface and saturated vapor. The condensation heat transfer is found to be a function of the fractal dimension for drop sizes, maximum and minimum drop radii, the temperature difference, and physical properties of fluid. The predicted total heat flux from a condensing surface based on the present fractal model is compared with existing experimental data. Good agreement between the model predictions and experimental data is found, which verifies the validity of the present model.     

竖直矩形狭缝通道内环状流沸腾换热分析模型

对竖直矩形狭缝通道内有液滴卷吸环状流阶段流动沸腾进行分析。以液膜紊流的动量方程和能量方程为基础,加上相应的边界条件和使控制方程组封闭的经验关系式,建立了环状流的教学模型并进行数值计算,得到了矩形狭缝通道内的液膜厚度分布、沸腾传热系数等结果;将模型预测的换热系数同实验关系式作比较,最大相对误差为17．8％。