内燃机行业发展及展望

本文通过对内燃机发展史、内燃机在社会发展中的作用及我国内燃机行业现状的总结,分析了内燃机的发展与石油资源及大气污染之间的关系,指出开发资源节约型、环境友好型产品是内燃机工业可持续发展的条件和方向。     

标准化是发展清洁汽车的技术保障

标准化是国民经济和社会发展中一项重要的技术基础工作,当然也是推动我国汽车工业发展和技术进步不可缺少的一项重要工作,是发展我国清洁汽车的技术保障.近10年来,随着汽车保有量的增加,世界各国对环境保护和节约能源的呼声越来越高.欧洲、美国、日本等发达国家相继推出了电动汽车和燃气汽车产品,同时国际标准化组织(IS0)和国外工业发达国家相应地颁布了一些标准和技术法规.     

清洁高效的提取冶金--矿浆电解

环境污染和能源短缺是重有色金属冶炼的两大障碍。在对重有色金属湿法冶金存在主要问题进行分析的基础上研究成功的矿浆电解新技术,是一种清洁、高效的提取冶金。它具有流程短、能耗低、金属分离好和环境污染少等特点。矿浆电解的显著特点是充分利用了电积过程的阳极反应来浸出矿石,工艺能耗大大降低;在电解槽中硫化物转化为元素硫,而不产生硫酸,有利于环境保护。文章描述了国内外矿浆电解技术的发展过程及我国建立的世界上第一个矿浆电解工业生产厂的概况,指出我国在该领域处于世界领先地位和矿浆电解技术具有很好的前景。     

敏捷制造技术与我国汽车工业生产模式

本文分析了我国汽车及零部件工业现状;探讨了敏捷制造技术概念及工业应用情况;指出应用敏捷制造技术是我国汽车工业发展的必由之路;并提出了我国汽车工业实施敏捷制造的战略。     

阻燃剂的研究现状及发展前景

介绍了国内外阻燃剂的生产状况和市场分布情况,对各型阻燃剂的优缺点进行了比较;重点介绍了近年来一些新技术如微胶囊化、表面改性技术、协同阻燃技术等在阻燃剂中的应用状况;指出我国阻燃剂工业应向着环保、低毒、高效的方向发展,评述了新型阻燃剂的研究进展.     

打造绿色能源，发展清洁煤电

从我国发展清洁煤电的必要性出发,分析了目前发展清洁煤电的优点及存在的问题,得出整体煤气化联合循环（IGCC）具有可持续发展的诸多特性,是一种可实现高效低污染的先进燃煤发电技术：简要地分析了IGCC技术特点、发展现状和趋势以及我国IGCC发展的状况：并指出了我国未来煤电的发展要求和发展方向。这对于以燃煤发电为主要格局的我国而言,发展清洁煤电具有十分重要的意义。     

汽车轻量化技术:铝/镁合金及其成型技术发展动态

为了推动我国汽车工业轻量化进程,文章从新材料、成型新技术、新应用三个方面对铝合金、镁合金两类轻金属材料的国内外研究动态进行了回顾,分析了两类轻金属材料在汽车工业应用的阻力,提出了我国汽车工业铝/镁合金可能的发展建议。     

新能源汽车的节能技术分析

汽车产业是一个国家发展的支柱性产业。我国汽车产业发展迅猛已经成了汽车保有量增速最快的国家,大量增加的汽车保有量尽管为民众的出行带来了较大的便利,但是也存在着较为严重的环保和能源问题。为解决困扰汽车发展的能源问题,国家通过技术研发与能源替代不断将新能源技术应用于汽车中,为汽车发展注入新动力.在加大新能源应用的同时也需要积极做好节能技术在汽车中的应用,用以提高能源的利用率,实现对于能源的节约、清洁、高效利用,促进汽车产业的可持续发展。     

先进复合材料从飞机转向汽车应用的关键技术

轻量化是汽车工业实现可持续发展的重要途径,先进复合材料(Advanced Composite Materials,ACM)特别是碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料具有质轻高强的性能特点,是最为重要的轻量化材料之一。ACM在航空工业已有四十年的技术和应用积累,但汽车工业的产业特点明显不同于航空,其中最突出的就是对成本和生产效率的要求更高。因此,将ACM的技术特点与汽车工业的重要需求相结合,本文首先介绍了碳纤维复合材料用于汽车结构的最新应用进展,列举了发达国家的相关研发计划。在此基础上,从复合材料设计制造一体化、低成本碳纤维、复合材料高效制造和材料循环利用等四个方面讨论了制约汽车用ACM规模化应用的关键技术。以期为研究发展适合我国汽车工业的复合材料高技术提供一点粗浅见解。     

汽车内燃机活塞的表面防护与耐磨性能探析

自进入21世纪以来,我国在各方面都取得了巨大的进步,汽车行业也在不断地发展,汽车的制造技术也不断地提升,制造成本也不断下降,因而使得汽车销售价格也一直在降低。到目前为止,对那些一二线城市来说,顾客们的汽车购买力也不断提高,同时,人们对汽车的要求也在不断地提升,所以顾客们也对汽车内燃机性能要求更严格。然而,活塞作为汽车内燃机的关键零部件,通常会经受活塞往复运动中的交变的机械负荷和热负荷,所以,活塞的工作环境十分复杂多变。因此,要想提高汽车发动机寿命,可以通过提高汽车内燃机活塞表面防护及耐磨性来实现。本篇文章将对汽车内燃机活塞的表面防护与耐磨性能进行分析和探讨,希望可以为提高汽车内燃机活塞的表面防护与耐磨性能作出贡献。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from