改性沥青加热保温用导热油炉系统故障分析

针对导热油炉系统出现的炉管堵塞、导热油流速降低等问题进行分析 ,并提出清洗系统及更换循环泵的解决方法。     

管式炉辐射室炉管间距对传热效果的影响分析

概述了锅炉、导热油炉、炼油厂管式炉炉管排列情况,分析炼油厂管式炉炉管排列的特点,并对各种布置方法进行比较,指出了导热油炉炉管排列采用密排间距对传热效果的不利影响。     

延迟焦化炉炉管结焦的处理

介绍焦化加热炉炉管结焦的处理技术，重点讨论了加热炉焦的方法，包括烧焦的基本原理，烧焦的控制要点及注意事项。当加热炉炉管结焦特别严重时，应先采用高压水射流清焦，剩余的残焦用烧焦的方法处理，这样既可以减轻炉管内表面的损伤，又可以减轻劳动强度。     

燃烧法清除管式炉炉管结焦

通过适当控制管式炉炉膛温度、通人炉管的空气和蒸汽的量，使炉管内的结焦物缓慢燃烧，燃烧后的产物和未燃烧的焦粉被气流带出炉管，从而被清除。烧焦处理后，焦油流量上升，二段焦油泵出口压力下降。与人工机械清焦法相比，不但结焦物被清除得彻底，而且还节省了时间和人力。     

导热油炉和供热系统的泄漏原因及处置方法

分析了导热油炉的炉内漏油和炉外漏油的失效原因及处置方法,研究了供热系统内漏水和用热设备内漏水的失效原因及处置方法,并探讨了漏油和漏水发生后可能会引起的着火燃烧、爆炸事故、高位膨胀槽喷油等恶性事故,最后给出了导热油炉和供热系统的定期停炉检验方法和检验内容,从而可避免发生导热油炉和供热系统的各种泄漏事故。     

蒸氨熔硫改用导热油加热技术研究与应用

主要分析导热油蒸氨的工艺流程及整体工艺中的导热过程,包括导热油与焦炉煤气之间的热传导、供风系统热交换、再沸器内的热交换、蒸氨过程的热交换和加热原料氨水时的热交换.通过研究以上工艺方法和设备改造技术,评估其节能减排实际意义.     

焦炉推焦车清焦装置改造实践

针对清焦车清焦装置在实际运行中的常见问题,从水箱与管路控制系统、隔膜泵动作程序及集水装置等方面进行了适应性改造。改造后清焦效果明显改善,故障率降低了50%以上,年节约生产成本和维修费用约24.6万元。     

内外压超滤膜的应用

针对凌钢污水处理工艺中的超滤单元抗冲击能力差,反洗耗水量大,回收率低,化学清洗频繁等问题,且现有超滤膜已达到使用寿命,用外压式超滤膜替换内压式超滤膜,有效提高了产水水质、水量、减少了化学清洗频率,保证了生产的稳定运行。     

炉管化学清洗技术的应用

介绍一种通过清洗加热炉对流段炉管提高加热炉热效率的方法 ,清洗效率高且不损害炉墙 ,不腐蚀设备 ,不污染环境 ,除垢率达到 90 %以上。清洗后排烟温度降低 40℃以上 ,加热炉热效率提高 3 %以上     

阿钢高炉冷却壁在线清洗应用实践

阐述了阿城钢铁有限公司高炉冷却壁结垢情况,通过采用化学清洗的方法对高炉冷却壁内的水垢进行清洗,收到了较好的效果。     

高炉配套蒸发式冷却器特殊垢质化学清洗的试验研究

通过对高炉蒸发式冷却器的整体结构和垢质情况分析,并进行了垢样溶垢试验,确定了以化学清洗配合高压水射流清洗的施工方案。该设备通过清洗后取得了良好的换热效果,达到了节能降耗的目的。     

高 炉 渣 干 法 粒 化 技 术 的 分 析

 对比了高炉渣干法粒化与干熄焦技术的特点,发现高炉渣的理化性能与焦炭差距很大,因此高炉渣的干法粒化不能采用干熄焦路线。根据高炉渣的用途,干法粒化路线可分为回收热能、生成水泥原料等技术路线。单独回收热能技术,可不考虑高炉渣的玻璃化;仅考虑作为水泥原料,则可不考虑回收热能,因此技术难度降低,便于工业化。高炉渣作为水泥原料同时回收热能技术路线,理论上经济效益最高,但是技术难度很大。     

焦油管式炉的改进及炉管内结焦物的清理

济钢焦化厂在焦油精制过程中，为增加焦油管式炉的焦油处理能力，选用热强钢１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ钢管代替厚１ＣｒＭｏ炉管以提高其抗蚀性和抗冲剧能力；采用管式炉内加热，在炉管内间断通入空气和蒸气的方法清理炉管内结的；并采取有效措施，在不加大管式炉设计能力的条件下，提高管式炉提供的有效热负荷，满足了生产实际的需要。     

Process Simulation and Control Optimization of a Blast Furnace Using Classical Thermodynamics Combined to a Direct Search Algorithm

Several numerical approaches have been proposed in the literature to simulate the behavior of modern blast furnaces: finite volume methods, data-mining models, heat and mass balance models, and classical thermodynamic simulations. Despite this, there is actually no efficient method for evaluating quickly optimal operating parameters of a blast furnace as a function of the iron ore composition, which takes into account all potential chemical reactions that could occur in the system. In the current study, we propose a global simulation strategy of a blast furnace, the 5-unit process simulation. It is based on classical thermodynamic calculations coupled to a direct search algorithm to optimize process parameters. These parameters include the minimum required metallurgical coke consumption as well as the optimal blast chemical composition and the total charge that simultaneously satisfy the overall heat and mass balances of the system. Moreover, a Gibbs free energy function for metallurgical coke is parameterized in the current study and used to fine-tune the simulation of the blast furnace. Optimal operating conditions and predicted output stream properties calculated by the proposed thermodynamic simulation strategy are compared with reference data found in the literature and have proven the validity and high precision of this simulation.     

含铜电炉渣贫化试验研究

分析了云铜贫化电炉渣的矿物组成、化学成分、渣型选择,研究了电炉渣中铜的主要存在形态。考查了不同Fe／SiO2配比下炉渣的性能研究,Fe／SiO2、硫化剂、熔炼温度、熔炼时间、还原剂用量对渣含铜的影响。基于条件试验结果确定了适宜的铜渣贫化方法。     

高炉炉料结构成本优化模型及分析

在系统推导物、热平衡计算模型的基础上,结合线性规划,以高炉用料成本最低为目标,满足高炉冶炼物、热及化学约束为条件,建立了高炉炉料结构优化模型。以莱钢实际生产数据代入模型进行了成本优化分析,与实际高炉生产数据相比,优化配料方案焦比降低0.59kg/t,渣量降低10kg/t,用料成本降低43.5元/t,并通过模型分析,对莱钢酸性料性价比进行了科学排序。     

高炉喷吹除尘灰的研究

 由于高炉除尘灰含有大量的铁和碳,且其排放造成严重的环境污染,因此通过现有的喷煤系统将其作为含铁原料和含碳原料从风口喷入高炉无疑是处理除尘灰的一种有效途径。考虑到喷吹除尘灰影响到炉内炉渣的碱度、铁水的硫含量、理论燃烧温度和焦比的变化,通过高炉物料平衡和局部热平衡模型计算了焦比、炉渣碱度和理论燃烧温度随喷入除尘灰量的变化,为高炉操作提供理论依据,并进行了工业试验。结果表明,焦比和炉渣碱度随除尘灰喷入量的增加而下降,而理论燃烧温度则变化不大,这些变化可以通过调整配料来应付;喷吹除尘灰后高炉透气性略有下降,所需喷吹压力增大,试验证明高炉喷吹自身的除尘灰是可行的。     

Coke Reactivity under Blast Furnace Conditions and in the CSR/CRI Test

The present work aims to study the high‐temperature strength of coke. Mechanisms of disintegration were evaluated using basket samples charged into LKAB's experimental blast furnace prior to quenching and dissection. Coke charged into basket samples was analysed with CSR/CRI tests and compared with treated coke from the blast furnace. Results from tumbling tests, chemical analyses of coarse and fine material, as well as light optical microscopy studies of original and treated coke have been combined and evaluated. The results indicate a correlation between the ash composition and the CSR values. Differences in the texture of the coke were noted with light optical microscopy, and a significant change in the coke texture during the CSR/CRI test conditions was found. The results suggest that the main reaction between coke and CO₂ took place in isotropic areas, which was especially pronounced in coke with a low CSR. Signs of degradation were apparent throughout the coke pieces that have undergone CSR/CRI testing, but were less observable in coke reacted in the blast furnace. The results indicate that reaction with CO₂ is generally limited by the chemical reaction rate in the CSR/CRI test, while in the blast furnace the reaction is limited by the diffusion rate. Coke degradation is therefore mostly restricted to the coke surface in the blast furnace.     

榆钢2号高炉顽固性悬料的分析和处理

由于长时间连续滑尺崩料导致高炉料柱僵死,透气性急剧变差,边缘形成细小管道,处理不及时,最终导致高炉出现顽固性悬料,处理上采取休风堵风口,只留铁口两侧1#、14#风口,以增加鼓风动能,从局部逐渐烧出空间,待高炉顽固性悬料解除后由于炉缸长时间没有热量给予补充导致高炉出现炉凉,炉况顺行难以保证,后期大量集中加净焦尽快补充炉缸热量,并且采取小批重、轻负荷等措施恢复炉况,一周之后炉况逐步恢复,顺行趋于稳定。     

Effect of Coke Reaction Index on Reduction and Permeability of Ore Layer in Blast Furnace Lumpy Zone Under Non-Isothermal Condition

 Reasonable control on CRI (coke reaction index) is one of the key factors for BF (blast furnace) low-carbon smelting. However, there are contrary opinions. One is increasing CRI to improve reaction efficiency in BF and the other is decreasing CRI to suppress coke degradation in furnace. Different methods are adopted to realize effective catalysis (increasing CRI) and passivation (decreasing CRI) of coke. Simulation tests of coke in BF lumpy zone under gradual temperature rising have been done. Effect of CRI on gas composition, ore reduction, burden column permeability and heat reserve zone′s temperature under non-isothermal condition are studied. Then combined with iron making calculations, a novel BF operation suggestion is proposed as coke nut with small size be catalyzed and mixed with ore while skeletal coke with large size be passivated and separately charged into BF.