矿岩粉碎全过程能耗-粒度关系的连续损伤理论研究SCIEI

本文从连续损伤理论的观点出发,将矿岩粉碎过程描述为在外部荷载作用下矿岩颗粒内部微缺陷(损伤)演化和繁衍的过程。导出了粉碎能耗与产品粒度分布的理论表达式。该式包含了所有传统的理论,同时较传统的能量分配观点前进了一步。     

光学材料的磨削损伤控制试验研究

基于K9玻璃不同的磨削工艺参数确定其磨削损伤层深度随工艺参数变化的规律,并通过工件磨削损伤层深度的动态检测研究其裂纹扩展规律。结果表明:工件磨削过程中的裂纹损伤是动态扩展过程。固定工艺参数下,裂纹稳态扩展,损伤层深度不变;采用损伤更小的工艺参数磨削,裂纹的扩展速度小于材料的去除速度,其损伤层深度逐渐减小,损伤的去除速度逐渐减慢直至二者间达到稳态平衡。同时,为了去除前道工序的损伤层,后道工序的材料去除量需达到前道工序损伤层深度的2～3倍。      

高速列车车轴用EA4T钢腐蚀疲劳性能研究

目的 研究腐蚀环境中EA4T车轴钢疲劳性能,为车轴的腐蚀检测和使用寿命评估提供依据.方法 采用旋转弯曲疲劳试验机,在人造雨水模拟的腐蚀环境和空气环境中,对EA4T车轴钢试样进行疲劳试验,以获得不同环境下试样的疲劳S-N曲线、表面损伤以及裂纹扩展规律.然后对扩展裂纹进行概率统计,通过扫描电镜对疲劳失效的断口进行观察,并分析对比不同环境中裂纹扩展门槛值的变化.结果 空气环境中,试样的疲劳极限为355 MPa,而在腐蚀环境中,试样不存在疲劳极限,107循环周次对应的疲劳强度降低到245 MPa,相比空气环境中降低了31％.Gumbel分布统计与Weibull双参数分布统计相比,更适合描述EA4T车轴钢试样表面腐蚀裂纹长度随加载次数的变化.腐蚀环境中,疲劳裂纹萌生于表面腐蚀坑,并存在多个裂纹源.腐蚀环境显著降低了试样裂纹扩展门槛值,空气环境下,该值为6.29 MPa·m1/2,腐蚀环境下降低到4.1 MPa·m1/2.结论 腐蚀环境降低EA4T钢疲劳寿命的主要原因是,腐蚀环境降低了裂纹扩展门槛值,加快了裂纹萌生以及短裂纹扩展.而当裂纹达到一定长度时,腐蚀环境对裂纹扩展几乎没有影响.     

BEHAVIOUR OF INITIATION AND GROWTH OF SHORT FATIGUE CRACKS

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Crack propagation of Mg-Li alloys by impact load

Under impact load, using energy estimation and updated finite element method, the crack propagation of Mg-Li alloys was studied, and the relations between high speed impact, time interval and crack propagation velocity were deduced. The effects of impact pattern characteristic parameters such as impact range and time interval on impact fatigue crack growth and propagation rates were discussed. The results show that with the development of crack length, the crack propagation rate along the central sample alloy swiftly increases to the maximum. Then, the crack of other parts has different rate variations. The calculation and simulation results fit well with the experimental ones, which verifies the validity of energy estimation and updated finite element analysis. Impact loading usually induces materials and accelerates the fatigue crack growth.     

（F＋M＋A）三相钢低周疲劳的扫描电镜动态研究SCIEI

用扫描电子显微镜疲劳加载台进行动态原位观察，研究了奥氏体（Ａ）在（Ｆ＋Ｍ＋Ａ）三相钢低周疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展过程中的作用．结果表明，在低周疲劳裂纹的萌生和早期扩展阶段，三相钢中的奥氏体会降低疲劳缺口敏感性，延长裂纹萌生期，使裂纹路径弯折并降低扩展速率．在高应变疲劳阶段，因奥氏体应变诱发相变生成马氏体，其边界是裂纹扩展的低能通道，从而加速裂纹的扩展．并提出了一个能量判据：当裂尖扩展功小于Ａ→Ｍ转变的能量时，奥氏体会提高材料的疲劳抗力，反之奥氏体会加速疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展．     

Modelling of interaction between corrosion-induced concrete cover crack and steel corrosion rate

Chloride-induced corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete may cause severe damage to RC structures. This paper examines the interaction between corrosion-induced cover crack growth and corrosion propagation. The coupled micro- and macro-cell corrosion process involved in a typical chloride-induced corrosion is numerically simulated. Both oxygen concentration and electrical potential distribution within concrete cover are considered in the electrochemical analysis. A uniform thick-walled cylinder model is formulated to simulate the cover surface crack width evolution. Results show that macrocell corrosion rate may not change so much while microcell corrosion rate increases a lot as oxygen permeability increases with corrosion-induced cover crack.     

焊接接头低周疲劳损伤分形演化模型

用宏观与微观相结合的方法研究焊接接头疲劳损伤演变规律。认为焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展路径在一定尺度范围内具有分形特征。用分形几何学方法建立裂纹扩展模型，将断裂力学的概念运用到损伤力学演化规律研究中，给出分形有效应力强度的表达式以及损伤演化率方程，推导出损伤演变方程，为从微观层次定量描述焊接结构疲劳断口特征及宏观疲劳断裂特性提供了一种新方法。     

损伤容限型TC4-DT钛合金近门槛区疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究

研究了双态组织、片层组织TC4-DT钛合金在近门槛区的疲劳裂纹扩展行为,通过扫描电镜观察裂纹扩展路径及断口微观特征,研究了等轴初生α相含量对TC4-DT钛合金在近门槛区疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响,讨论了TC4-DT钛合金的疲劳裂纹扩展行为和断裂方式。结果表明:随着等轴初生α相含量的降低,TC4-DT钛合金在近门槛值区的da/dN-△K曲线逐渐向下偏折,裂纹扩展速率明显降低,在Paris区出现转折点现象且转折点对应的△Kt值逐渐增大;片层组织在近门槛区的裂纹扩展路径曲折,疲劳裂纹扩展速率显著降低,表现出更好的损伤容限性能。     

Effects of Tempering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Drill Pipe Steel 26CrMoEI北大核心CSCD

The effects of tempering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of steel 26CrMo were studied based on mechanical property tests and microstructure observation. The results show that a phase matrix gradually occurs recovery and recrystallization with increasing temperature during 540 similar to 690 degrees C temper process, martensite morphology fades away gradually, flake or rocklike carbides separate out along the martensite boundaries, and then change into granulated dispersed distribution, at 690 degrees C tempering carbides happen aggregation and growth on grain boundaries. With tempering temperature increasing, the strength of 26CrMo steel is gradually reducing, plasticity and toughness are gradually increasing. The tensile property and impact energy can meet all different grade drill pipe requirements in API 5DP standard with different tempering conditions. The total impact energy, crack initiation energy and crack propagation energy of 26CrMo steel are gradually increasing with the tempering temperature rising, the crack propagation energy is three times of crack initiation energy which shows great anti-crack propagation capability, but their ratio has no obvious change. The change of impact property is closely related to the strength and plasticity change, impact toughness stand or fall depends on high or low plasticity.     

高强度结构钢的韧性启裂和稳态扩展

研究了具有一定韧度的高强度结构钢裂纹早期扩展阻力与材料的微观组织结构、应力状态、变形历史和应变特性之间的关系。结果表明:裂纹扩展阻力(指J_R阻力曲线中的J_i和dJ/da)主要决定于裂纹尖端的塑性约束程度和应力应变场中消耗的弹性能和塑性功。这与三轴应力状态函数σ_mσ~(1/2)有关。材料的流变曲线描述了形变过程中的变形历史和应变特性,有明显的阶段性,其中第Ⅱ阶段的变形历史和应变特性制约着裂纹的启裂过程,第Ⅲ阶段的变形历史和应变特性制约着裂纹的扩展过程。应变硬化率dσ/dε可以敏感地反映出材料内部的应力分布和微观断裂机制。     

DUCTILE CRACK INITIATION AND STEADY-STATE PROPAGATION OF HIGH STRENGTH STRUCTURAL STEEL

The resistance to crack propagation at earlier stage for a high strength structural steel withcertain ductility and its correlation to microstructures,stress states,deformation history andstrain characteristics have been investigated.The resistance to crack propagation is mainly de-termined by the plastic constrain ahead of the crack tip,the elastic energy and plastic workabsorbed in the stress-strain field.These are connected with the state function of triaxialstress.The deformation history and strain characteristic during deformation of material aredescribed by the flow line in which the deformation history and strain characteristic restrainthe crack initiation at stage Ⅱ and the crack propagation at stage Ⅲ.The strain hardeningrate may sensitively reflect the stress distribution and micro-fracture mechanism in the interi-or of material.     

Fatigue crack growth rate in underwater wet welds: out of water evaluation

The characteristics of fatigue crack propagation in welds produced in conventional conditions (welds made out of water) and in underwater repair welding conditions (underwater wet welding) were evaluated out of water. The fatigue crack growth rates da/dN showed considerable dependence on pore density and distribution, factors that vary significantly with the welding process and the environment. Variations in the fatigue crack propagation rate were correlated with analysis of the fracture surface in the zone of stable crack propagation. The results of this study show that the underwater wet welding procedure produces weld metal resistant to fatigue, which is suitable for use at low applied stresses in offshore structures.     

基于概率统计方法对钢轨疲劳裂纹路径的研究

目的利用有限元软件ANSYS对车轮滚过裂纹过程进行分析,确定轮轨接触疲劳裂纹的扩展方向。方法基于最大周向应力判据,用概率统计的方法对车轮滚过裂纹过程中,不同角度初始裂纹可能的扩展角度进行分析。车轮滚过裂纹过程中,用可能扩展角度的均值作为裂纹的扩展方向计算裂纹扩展路径。结果用概率坐标纸拟合出的相关系数均大于98.5%,说明裂纹可能的扩展角度符合威布尔分布的可能性超过98.5%。当裂纹长度小于700μm时,裂纹可能的扩展角度基本符合威布尔分布;当裂纹长度达到800μm时,裂纹尖端的等效应力强度因子(Keff)出现4个峰值;当裂纹长度达到1200μm时,第3个峰值载荷处裂纹尖端的Keff超过了材料的断裂韧性,此时裂纹会向行车相反的方向急剧地扩展。结论对于不同角度初始裂纹,其扩展角度基本符合威布尔分布;整个裂纹路径的趋势与实验测得的裂纹路径有较好的一致性,车轮滚过裂纹过程中,用裂纹可能扩展角度的均值作为裂纹的扩展方向可行。     

基于ABAQUS的某无人机机翼肋板裂纹扩展仿真

采用Python语言对ABAQUS进行二次开发,实现了对无人机机翼肋板裂纹扩展的模拟。试验将机翼肋板简化为二维平板结构,在肋板与梁的连接处放置裂纹,模拟不同初始角度的裂纹的扩展过程。结果表明:裂纹的扩展形态、扩展过程中的应力强度因子和裂纹扩展角的变化规律,与裂纹的初始角度有密切的关系;可分为两种情况:当裂纹初始角度为50°~70°时,裂纹沿着初始方向向前扩展,不发生方向的改变;当裂纹初始角度为-70°~40°时,裂纹最终向着翼肋的下表面扩展。该结果对研究机翼肋板裂纹的止裂以及裂纹扩展速率等有一定的参考价值。     

An Experimental Evaluation of Material Properties and Fracture Simulation of Cryorolled 7075 Al Alloy

This work presents an experimental evaluation of yield strength, tensile strength, and impact toughness of 7075 Al alloy. The extended finite element method (XFEM) has been chosen for quasi-static crack growth simulations using Charpy impact energy as the crack growth criterion for both Bulk and ultrafine-grained (UFG) 7075 Al alloy. The 7075 Al alloy is rolled for different thickness reductions (40 and 70%) at cryogenic (liquid nitrogen) temperature, and its mechanical properties are studied by performing the tensile and Charpy impact testing. The microstructural characterization of the alloy was carried out using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The rolling of the Al alloy at cryogenic temperature suppresses dynamic recovery, and dislocation cells formed during processing, transformed into fully formed ultrafine-grains (600?nm) at 70% thickness reduction. The impact energy used as the crack growth criterion under quasi-static loading condition based on the Griffith energy concept. The elastic-plastic ductile fracture simulations are performed by XFEM using ABAQUS Software (Version 6.9). For crack modeling, two different types of functions are used to model a crack based on partition of unity concept. A discontinuous function is used to model the portion behind the crack tip, whereas crack tip is modeled by near-tip asymptotic functions. This permits the crack is to be represented explicitly without meshing the crack surfaces, thus crack propagation simulations can be carried out without a need of re-meshing. Strain energy release and stress distribution ahead of the crack tip is found for some practical crack problems. The numerical examples indicate a significant improvement in crack growth properties of UFG 7075 Al alloy as compared to its bulk form due to an effective grain refinement.     

Study on crack propagation in ferroelectric single crystal under electric loading

The crack propagation in ferroelectric single crystals subjected to electric fields was studied experimentally and theoretically. An in situ observation of crack propagation and domain switching near the crack tip in a poled PMN–PT62/38 single crystal was carried out using polarized optical microscopy. It was found that a pure negative electric field leads to a larger domain switching zone near the crack tip than a positive one does. A negative electric field below the coercive field can cause crack propagation, while no crack growth was observed for a positive electric field far larger than the coercive field. A fracture model based on energy analysis was developed which indicates that the energy variation due to the domain switching provides the thermodynamic driving force for the crack propagation under pure electric loading. The critical electrical loading for the crack growth determined by this model agrees well with experiments.     

热不匹配应力对热障涂层表面裂纹扩展的影响

本文采用扩展有限元方（XFEM）法研究了高温下热失配应力对热障涂层表面裂纹扩展的影响。结果表明在热失配应力的影响下,表面裂纹的位置、倾斜角度和长度对裂纹扩展的长度、能量释放率和裂尖的应力水平有着显著的影响;对于初始长度相同的裂纹,界面波谷处裂纹扩展长度最长,能量释放率最大;倾斜角度越大,裂纹扩张长度越短,应变能越大;裂纹初始长度越大,裂纹的扩展长度越长且扩展速率越快,能量释放率越大。存在多条表面裂纹的情况下其裂纹扩展相互影响。     

基于解析算法与J积分法的耐候钢接头疲劳裂纹扩展分析

为准确描述焊接接头疲劳裂纹在扩展中的动态过程,借助多阵元超声相控阵设备对12 mm厚耐候钢对接接头的表面裂纹扩展动态进行实时监测,得到半椭圆形裂纹深度、长度与寿命的演化关系.借助Abaqus建立有限元分析模型,将裂纹几何变化历程输入,计算裂纹尖端7个方向的能量释放率,获得裂纹尖端应力强度因子幅值.将裂纹尖端(θ = 90o)的K值与BS7910标准中推荐解析公式对比分析,其结果吻合性好.在此基础上,分别采用简化公式与两阶段扩展模型计算试样的疲劳寿命. 结果表明,两阶段裂纹扩展模型能准确地预测对接接头裂纹的疲劳寿命,且与试验结果高度吻合.     

低合金高强钢激光电弧复合焊热模拟热影响区组织与冲击韧性

采用焊接热模拟技术制备了低合金高强钢激光电弧复合焊热影响区的均匀化组织试样,并结合示波冲击试验和组织精细化表征技术分析了热模拟试样组织与韧性之间的关系.?结果表明,热模拟粗晶区、细晶区组织为板条马氏体,临界区组织为马氏体和晶界碳化物,亚临界区组织为回火马氏体;峰值温度对热模拟试样裂纹形成功影响不大,对裂纹扩展功具有较大...