基于成本的车间调度模型及遗传算法求解

制造企业的成本优化,无论在学术界还是工业界,始终是一个热点研究课题.从成本优化思想出发,建立了基于成本的多产品切换作业车间调度问题的经济指标模型,并应用具有新型交叉、变异算子的遗传算法作为求解该调度问题的方法,其目的是使企业的综合生产成本(主要包括多产品切换成本、产品作为在制品的存储成本以及产品拖期惩罚等)最低.仿真实例的运行结果表明了该调度模型和优化算法的有效性,且适用于过程工业及离散工业的生产调度系统,实现生产调度和经济效益的有效集成.     

染缸排产建模及滑动时间窗启发式调度算法

针对染缸排产问题约束复杂、任务规模大、排产效率要求高的特点,为了提高问题模型和算法在实际场景中的适用性,建立了染缸排产增量调度模型,提出了滑动时间窗启发式调度（STWS）算法。该算法以最小化延误代价、洗缸成本、染缸切换成本为优化目标,使用启发式调度规则,按照优先级顺序调度产品;对于每个产品的调度,先用动态拼缸算法和拆缸算法进行批次划分,然后调用批次最佳排序算法调度批次。使用某染纱企业车间实际生产数据仿真调度,所提算法可在10 s内完成月度计划的调度。相对于人工排产方式,所提算法提高了排产效率,显著优化了三个目标,在增量调度中洗缸成本和染缸切换成本也有明显优化。实验结果表明所提算法具有很好的调度能力。     

基于混合遗传算法的热轧生产调度优化方法

热轧生产调度是一个复杂的约束组合优化问题，其生产约束包括连续轧制板坯的宽度、厚度和硬度跳变要求，轧制单元的最大长度，产品库存及交货期等。基于多旅行商模型，建立了热轧生产批量调度问题的优化模型，并提出一种混合遗传算法（遗传算法、局部搜索）求解该问题。通过应用串行边重组和并行边重组的遗传交叉算子，算法在优化过程中可以很好地处理调度约束。针对工业数据的仿真结果证明该调度模型和混合遗传算法的并行求解策略可以有效地解决热轧生产批量调度问题。     

制造系统的递阶滚动优化调度模型

研究的对象是只有一台不可靠（failure-prone)机器的非完全柔性制造系统，该系统能生产多种产品，但在同一时刻只能生产一种产品，并且当机器由生产一种产品向生产另一种产品切换时，需要考虑setup时间及其成本，待决策变量是setup序列及产品生产率，本文基于非完全柔性制造系统的特点，引入递阶层控的思想，采用新的递阶结构框架和阈值控制策略，对问题进行分解，建立了考虑setup时间及成本的递阶流率控制最优化调度模型，并给出了递阶的滚动优化算法，仿真结果表明，这种调度策略更易于工程实现。     

流程工业拟实优化调度系统

流程工业生产调度是典型的多工序、多约束、多目标的调度问题,实现优化调度非常复杂。在分析调度建模问题的基础上,提出了拟实优化调度思想和流程工业拟实优化调度原理。给出了流程工业拟实优化调度系统框架及其系统分析设计方法。实现了基于可视化生产系统建模、优化求解、过程模拟、过程监控等为一体的流程工业优化调度。在制药企业的实际应用表明,该系统建模简单、提高了生产调度能力和生产效率。     

考虑切换时间的多品种印刷电路板表面贴装生产线调度优化

考虑了多品种小批量生产环境下的印刷电路板生产调度优化问题,建立了以包括切换时间在内的多品种平均流程时间最小化为目标的调度优化模型.针对电了产品组装独特的切换后效性,开发了主动禁忌搜索算法,分组间搜索和组内搜索2个层次对印刷电路板的排序问题进行优化.通过与理论下界值比较的仿真实验显示了模型与算法的有效性及现实应用的可行性...     

基于混合遗传算法的热轧生产调度优化方法

热轧生产调度是一个复杂的约束组合优化问题,其生产约束包括连续轧制板坯的宽度、厚度和硬度跳变要求,轧制单元的最大长度,产品库存及交货期等.基于多旅行商模型,建立了热轧生产批量调度问题的优化模型,并提出一种混合遗传算法(遗传算法、局部搜索)求解该问题.通过应用串行边重组和并行边重组的遗传交叉算子,算法在优化过程中可以很好地处理调度约束.针对工业数据的仿真结果证明该调度模型和混合遗传算法的并行求解策略可以有效地解决热轧生产批量调度问题.     

啤酒生产调度数学模型及其优化

针对啤酒企业生产人工调度效果不理想的问题,建立了啤酒生产调度数学模型,并研究了此类间歇工业调度问题的优化方法.根据啤酒生产流程特点,将整个啤酒生产划分为糖化区、过滤包装区,分别建立相应的生产调度数学规划模型,并通过蚁群优化算法求解此类调度问题.该优化调度方案在企业中的应用结果表明,通过蚁群算法对建立的啤酒调度模型进行优化,该方法具有良好的鲁棒性与实用性,可为生产管理人员提供方便快捷的优化解决方案.     

蒸气动力系统的运行优化研究与应用

针对配备蒸气动力系统的工业企业,总结了企业现有调度经验并将其融入理论研究过程,建立了蒸气动力系统的调度优化模型。参考实际运行参数,建立锅炉、汽机等设备模型。利用非线性规划方法对系统进行求解,得到最优操作参数即最优运行方案。应用实例表明,该优化调度方案具有很强的经济性与可操作性。结合优化调度技术,可指导企业根据已积累的调度模式与经验对蒸气动力系统进行科学调度。该方案不仅提高了优化调度水平,而且能提升节能效益、有效降低企业的生产与调度成本。     

流程工业计划调度技术研究与发展分析

计划调度系统是企业生产活动的组织和管理中心,是提高企业综合效益的有效途径,该文分析了流程工业计划调度系统特征,全面深入地研究了生产计划与调度问题的模型框架及求解技术,并针对目前流程工业计划调度研究中存在的问题,从系统结构、建模优化、智能求解等方面提出了流程企业计划调度技术的发展趋势,为流程企业的生产优化组织与运作提供了方法论的指导。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.