薄板类零件加工精度可靠性分析及工艺参数优化

针对薄板类零件加工过程中加工变形导致加工精度低的问题,利用有限元法和高斯过程回归算法建立了加工变形预测模型,综合考虑机床运动误差与工件加工变形,对薄板件加工精度可靠性进行分析,建立了以加工效率和平均加工变形为目标、加工精度可靠度为约束的铣削加工工艺参数优化设计模型,并利用多目标优化算法进行求解,确定了协调加工效率和加工变形最优的工艺参数组合。案例研究结果表明,经优化设计后最低加工精度可靠度达到98.21%,平均加工变形减小21.14%,加工效率提高了4.18%,为薄板类零件铣削加工工艺参数选择提供了一种可行的方法。     

Fixture Clamping Force Optimisation and its Impact on Workpiece Location Accuracy

Workpiece motion arising from localised elastic deformation at fixture-workpiece contacts owing to clamping and machining forces is known to affect significantly the workpiece location accuracy and, hence, the final part quality. This effect can be minimised through fixture design optimisation. The clamping force is a critical design variable that can be optimised to reduce the workpiece motion. This paper presents a new method for determining the optimun clamping forces for a multiple clamp fixture subjected to quasu-static machining forces. The method uses elastic contact mechanics models to represent the fixture-workpiece contact and involves the formulation and solution of a multi-objective constrained oprimisation model. The impact of clamping force optimisation on workpiece location accuracy is analysed through examples involving a 3-2-1 type milling fixture.     

基于灵敏度分析的龙门横梁多目标优化研究

为减轻横梁质量并提高其静动态特性,首先对横梁进行受力分析,通过灵敏度分析找出各设计变量对横梁质量和最大变形量的影响程度,然后综合考虑横梁的质量和最大变形量,利用响应面法构造回归方程,并对回归方程进行准确性验证,用优化工具箱对横梁进行多目标优化求解,得到最优的尺寸参数.将优化前后的参数进行对比分析.结果表明,优化后的横梁不但质量减轻,而且静动态特性都有所提高.     

多目标的装夹方案优化及变夹紧力优化

夹具布局和夹紧力大小影响切削变形的大小和分布.基于遗传算法和有限元方法,提出一种夹具布局和夹紧力优化设计方法.该方法将同步优化夹具布局和夹紧力大小以及施加变夹紧力相结合,首先以加工变形最小化和变形分布最均匀为目标同步优化夹具布局和夹紧力大小,然后在优化后的夹具布局的基础上求解使得加工变形最小的变夹紧力大小.使用该方法进行底座薄壁零件的夹具优化设计,结果表明优化得到的设计优于经验设计和多目标优化方法,该方法有效地降低了加工过程中工件的变形,提高变形均匀度.     

圆周铣削参数多目标模糊优化建模

金属切削加工参数优化问题本质上是一个模糊问题。分析了圆周铣削传统优化模型的缺点 ,建立了圆周铣削参数多目标模糊优化模型 ,并根据模糊集合原理 ,将其转化为一个传统的单目标约束优化问题 ,从而可用任一非线性规划求解器进行求解。算例表明 ,模糊优化解具有优越性。     

Machining process parameters optimization for heavy-duty CNC machine tools in sustainable manufacturing

Machining process parameters (MPP) directly affect the machining quality and efficiency of heavy-duty CNC machine tools (HCMT). The selection of MPP is very important to effectively improve machining performance. Machining performance has been closely related to the HCMT running state. In order to maintain HCMT sustainably manufacturing with high accuracy and low consumption after machining performance degradation for a long time running, MPP should be re-optimized according to the current state of the machine tools. Thus, this paper proposed a MPP optimization method for running HCMT to obtain optimal MPP based on current running state. A multi-objective optimization model was built, considering both the linear factors such as machining time and machining cost and nonlinear factors such as chatter in machining process. The nonlinear factors were reflected by the nonlinear dynamic model of machining process. Furthermore, a grid optimization algorithm was introduced to search the optimal MPP from the multi-objective optimization model. Finally, a case study was implemented to verify the feasibility of the nonlinear dynamic model and the superiority of the multi-objective optimization method compared with single-objective optimization method.     

零件结构形式对铣削加工变形的影响研究

在弹塑性理论的基础上,建立了三维铣削仿真加工变形场的有限元分析模型,利用"单元生死"技术仿真了加工过程中材料的去除.研究了零件结构不同,加工过程中毛坯初始残余应力的释放对加工变形的影响,通过仿真数据与试验数据相比较,结果表明,只要建立正确的三维有限元分析模型,完全可以实现对零件加工变形规律的预测;工件毛坯残余应力在铣削加工过程中对称释放有利用减小零件加工后变形.     

薄壁弧形件装夹布局有限元优化

关于航空结构件加工变形控制的研究是高效数控加工研究的一部分。薄壁弧形零件加工中的弹性变形对加工质量影响很大,而装夹布局影响切削变形的大小和分布。以减少加工中工件最大弹性变形为目标,建立了弧形件铣削加工装夹布局的优化模型,采用商业有限元软件的设计优化模块进行计算。在对计算结果进一步分析的基础上,提出了最终的装夹布局方案,采用该方案可以得到整个加工过程中更低的变形量,变形分布更均匀,为采取相应数控补偿措施提供条件。优化方案和实际加工方案结果基本一致。所提出方法可推广至其他类型工件夹具布局优化设计。     

柔性材料加工变形影响因素提取层次分析方法

加工变形影响因素约简是柔性材料加工变形补偿控制预测建模的首要问题,但是由于柔性材料的特性及加工特点,造成加工过程变形影响因素既多又相互重叠、关联。考虑到信息决策领域的层次分析方法具有仅利用较少的定量信息就能计算出各个因素对系统的影响程度大小的优点,将层次分析法用于柔性材料加工变形影响因素的提取,构建由加工变形影响因素重要度、加工属性、各个加工变形影响因素分别作为目标层、准则层、指标层的加工变形影响因素提取层次分析模型;推导了加工变形影响因素提取属性P对目标层的影响程度矢量Wp的计算公式,并以Wp作为提取的评价指标,制订提取算法计算流程,开展提取模型的效果试验。试验表明,由层次分析法提取得到的重要度最高影响因素,与Pawlak方法、信息熵方法提取的影响因素一致,经层次分析方法提取的模型预测误差,比Pawlak方法、信息熵方法的分别小了13.76%、9.43%,证明了层次分析法能更有效性和方便获得精简、准确度高的加工变形影响因素集。     

弱刚性构件磁流变抛光变形机理与抑制技术研究

弱刚性平面构件对应力极其敏感,加工后平面度难以保证,为解决该问题,提出通过磁流变抛光工艺改善工件的平面度。通过有限元仿真,阐明弱刚性构件磁流变抛光变形的机理,提出残余应力的不对称释放是造成工件变形的主要原因,并建立加工过程中工件变形预测模型。仿真结果表明,采用单面加工时,变形为9.5μm;采用翻面加工时,变形为0.7μm。根据仿真中工件变形的情况,提出了翻面加工的策略,并通过实验进行验证。实验结果表明,单面加工时,工件变形严重,而采用翻面加工时,变形会产生回复现象,从而使得工件平面度得到有效收敛。进而,提出了弱刚性构件磁流变修形抑制技术,即通过翻面等量材料去除实现工件表面残余应力的对称释放,并在?200 mm、厚2 mm的纯铜弱刚性平面构件上应用该技术,两个面的平面度PV值分别从4.6μm和5.9μm降低到2.0μm。     

基于区间数的机械加工工艺方案多目标稳健决策

绿色制造中的工艺方案选择是一个复杂的多目标决策问题。由于机械加工过程存在不确定性,目标值往往不是一个确定的数,而是一个变化区间,所以用区间数表示更加符合实际。为此,提出一种基于区间数的机械加工工艺方案多目标稳健决策方法,首先建立了多目标稳健决策体系;然后结合区间数理论,建立了多目标稳健决策模型;最后以阀体机加工过程的4个不同工艺方案为例,验证了该模型的可行性和实用性。     

Multi-objective optimization design of a fixture layout considering locator displacement and force–deformation

The fixture determines the workpiece position in a machining process; therefore, an increasing amount of attention has been given to fixture layout design. While machining, the workpiece position is affected by two major sources: (a) the locator displacement and (b) the force–deformation of the workpiece–fixture system. In the beginning of this paper, a geometric model considering the shape of a locator is developed to analyze the location performance, followed by the presentation of a simplified solving method and a location layout performance index. Second, to complete the force–deformation analysis, a finite element method-based force–deformation model is built and accelerated by a new method with a lower computer memory cost. Based on these two models, multiple objects of fixture layout optimization problems are proposed, and a multi-objective genetic algorithm-based optimization method is constructed. Finally, testing examples are approved to examine the validity of the method represented in this paper. These methods can provide a more accurate prediction of the locating performance in more widely used cases, and they have faster calculating speeds with lower computer memory costs.     

Modeling subsurface deformation induced by machining of Inconel 718

Traditionally, the development and optimization of the machining process with regards to the subsurface deformation are done through experimental method which is often expensive and time consuming. This article presents the development of a finite element model based on an updated Lagrangian formulation. The numerical model is able to predict the depth of subsurface deformation induced in the high- speed machining of Inconel 718 by use of a whisker-reinforced ceramic tool. The effect that the different cutting parameters and tool microgeometries has on subsurface deformation will be investigated both numerically and experimentally. This research article also addresses the temperature distribution in the workpiece and the connection it could have on the wear of the cutting tool. The correlation of the numerical and experimental investigations for the subsurface deformation has been measured by the use of the coefficient of determination, R². This confirms that the finite element model developed here is able to simulate this type of machining process with sufficient accuracy.     

Optimization of abrasive waterjet machining using multi-objective cuckoo search algorithm

Abrasive waterjet (AWJ) machining is widely applied in the fields of civil and mechanical engineering. In this study, a general and theoretical analysis procedure was presented before computing application. It mainly focused on the kinetic energy model and wear rate model in machining process. Then, the multi-objective cuckoo algorithm was employed for optimization design of AWJ cutting head model, making sure to maximize the output energy and minimize the nozzle erosion rate while keeping the other factors constant. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the above strategy, a practical AWJ machining system was selected for investigation purpose. The proposed model was compared with experimental data for investigating the difference between the initial design and the optimized model. The results showed that the multi-objective cuckoo algorithm has great ability in prediction of outlet power and wear rate. Meanwhile, the optimized parameters were also superior to the original design, compared with experimental test data. The developed model can be used as a systematic approach for prediction in an advanced manufacturing process.     

面向加工变形控制的航空整体结构件拓扑优化设计方法

在毛坯制造过程中,材料力学性能的非均匀性导致铝合金厚板内产生残余应力,以致在后续的高速切削加工过程中,随着材料的大量去除,残余应力的释放使得整体结构件发生变形,严重影响着整体结构件的尺寸稳定性。当初始残余应力水平及状态一定时,随着从毛坯上去除材料切削成形为不同的零件结构,零件变形会表现出不同的形式。因此,研究零件变形与零件结构形式之间的关系对于实现加工过程的高效化和精密化至关重要。首先,通过铝厚板的材料去除等效为残余应力的释放,利用弯曲变形理论建立铝厚板厚度方向上加工变形的解析分析模型及有限元分析模型。通过航空企业现场加工、测试零件后可知：加工变形的解析值、仿真值与测量值相比,无论是幅值水平还是变形曲线,解析值与仿真值完全吻合,而两者与实验值之间仅存在不到10%的幅值误差。其次,为了使得加工变形达到最小,构建以结构体积为约束的拓扑优化设计模型,通过利用一系列凸显式子问题逼近目标和约束函数,构建拓扑优化模型的MMA求解技术。最后利用所提出的优化方法计算出C919直梁件的结构,优化前、后的加工变形分别为22.02 mm与0.7414 mm,在相同的材料去除量情况下,通过优化结构可以使得加工变形减小96.63%。     

细长轴的双刀车削加工精度的研究

细长轴类零件刚性差,抗弯能力弱,在加工过程中容易产生弯曲变形.在总结现有加工方法的基础上,通过分析刀具切削力在轴上的分布,建立了双刀车削力学模型,用ANSYS有限元法对双刀车削的加工精度进行仿真分析,并通过双刀切削试验获取的数据,绘制细长轴的直径坐标曲线图,确认了双刀车削加工方法可以达到提高加工精度的目的.     

车削加工中切削用量的多目标优化建模

针对金属切削加工中切削用量优化的特点，在分析车削用量传统优化模型缺点的基础上，建立了车削用量多目标模糊优化模型，并根据模糊集合原理，将其转化为一个传统的单目标约束优化问题，可用任一非线性优化方法求解。为车削用量的合理选择提供了理论依据。     

蜘蛛模型的五轴工艺设计

根据蜘蛛模型零件特点,确定了运用五轴加工中心,对蜘蛛模型长方体毛坯采用一次装夹、两面加工的工艺方法;针对腿部和触角刚性差、加工易变形问题,提出了增加其刚性,减少变形的方法,利用Power Mill软件仿形法,设计刀路,完成五轴编程,应用DMU 65mono BLOCK五轴加工中心完成产品加工。     

复杂曲面模具加工系统综合刚度场建模与分析*

在加工汽车覆盖件模具复杂曲面时,机床-刀具刚度、刀具位姿变化、模具型面变化都会影响加工系统综合刚度,进而影响模具加工精度。以四轴数控加工中心为例,针对模具曲面特征设置相应采样点,依据多体小变形理论,通过点传递矩阵、雅可比矩阵等完成该采样点的加工系统综合刚度建模,并引入了力椭球。在刀具不同的空间姿态下,通过力椭球分析了机床横梁、刀柄、刀具、模具曲面特征等对加工系统综合刚度性能的影响,揭示了曲面模具加工系统综合刚度的分布规律。最后通过试验证明,该理论模型可以有效地优化复杂型面模具加工工艺,减小模具的加工误差。     

TC4钛合金电火花小孔加工多目标优化试验研究

为提升电火花加工TC4钛合金的表面加工质量和加工效率,选取紫铜圆柱电极开展TC4钛合金电火花小孔加工试验,采用正交试验法,以电极相对损耗率、表面粗糙度、工件材料去除体积为工艺指标,分析峰值电流、维持电压、放电脉宽对工艺指标的影响重要性。采用RBF(Radial basis function)神经网络对已有试验数据进行训练,建立放电参数与工艺指标之间的数学预测模型。以该预测模型为适应度函数,将遗传算法与Skyline选择算法结合进行多目标优化仿真,得到最佳工艺指标,最后开展多目标优化验证试验。结果表明：当峰值电流为14 A、维持电压39 V/42 V、放电脉宽102μs/108μs时能够取得最优的加工结果,优化值与试验值误差较小。