基于WEB服务器的控制网络集成

在控制网络中,工业以太网系统将成为未来3～5年应用的主流。那么要想将控制网络的现场层、控制层、信息层的数据都集成在一起,继而搭上Internet的快车,Web服务器架构的选择就变得举足轻重,因为它直接影响到整个系统的性能。本文综述了三种web服务器架构的实现。     

机电设备远程监测与诊断系统在LabVIEW平台上的实现

为了解决传统的监测与故障诊断系统难以实现远程监测与故障诊断的问题,文章在比较国内一些远程监测与故障诊断系统的基础上,介绍了一种新型的基于Internet和Intranet的远程监测与故障诊断系统。详述了系统中的几个技术特点:基于MIMOSA标准的数据库、系统与数据库动态信息交换和开放式的图形化设计语言LabVIEW开发平台。最终实现了此远程监测与故障诊断系统,并成功地加以推广应用。     

Automatic data

The paperless office or factory is often spoken of as the place of the future, but would such on environment actually work? The author considers the role of shop floor data collection (SFDC) in automatic information flow throughout the manufacturing process. He concludes that several MRP II systems have the capability to automate transactions to a greater or lesser degree, mostly aimed at capturing inventory movements from SFDC systems. However, the scope to automate complete sets of business transactions exists in a great many areas throughout all businesses. Such automation allows manual effort to be concentrated where real decisions are needed by removing non value adding tasks     

基于移动终端的智能监控系统设计

随着网络信息技术的迅猛发展,人们对远程控制和性能稳定的视频监控系统提出了更高的要求,基于嵌入式的无线数字视频监控系统的研发与设计就显得尤为重要。这种无线数字监控系统可以实现许多传统有线监控系统无法实现的功能,所以无线远程视频监控正在不断地取代有线监控,在交通、银行、医院、视频会议等诸多领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。作为安防系统重要的组成部分,视频监控的嵌入式与网络化应用将是该领域的重要研究方向。该文实现的系统基于Open Wrt和ARM平台,采用MJPG-streamer软件实现图像信息的压缩、解码和传送;移动终端基于安卓平台设计应用程序;可遥控的小车配备二维云台搭载摄像头,ARM开发板控制步进电机操控云台,遥控小车移动,实现立体监视。     

Integration technology of ERP and PDM based on business remote function call

In order to better support ERP system and PDM system integration for independent enterprise network manufacturing systems, the characteristics of ERP and PDM integration are analyzed and the technology of business remote function call is presented. The standards or custom functions which support remote transfer using BRFC interface could be called by ERP and PDM systems. The data gained by ERP and PDM systems can be used to achieve the integration. Not only can a kind of integration model of ERP and PDM be composed, but the RFC interface can be semantically described. The structure, realization and interview of remote function call technology, which are used by ERP and PDM integration, are researched. Also, data exchange of system integration based on data stream direction is discussed to illustrate self-containment, collaboration and recombination of the ERP and PDM systems integration. The conception of a heterogeneous data translator is put forward, and its data structure is given. Interface development tools provided by ERP and PDM are fully considered. The system composing mode is construed clearly. The heterogeneous data translator is applied to realize classic code systems, system information searches of PDM, system information searches of ERP and integration information searches. Then the advantages of BRFC are expounded. The effectiveness and suitability of the BRFC interface integration mechanism is explained and verified. Finally, two application examples are presented to verify the feasibility and efficiency of RFC technology: a typical integration of WLPDM and SAP R/3 ERP in WLNM networked manufacturing platform and a typical integration of Kingdee ERP and HTPDM in Haitian mass customization platform. Thus seamless integration, plain integration, non-repeated data memory, integration flexibility and low cost are realized.     

Realising next-generation web service-driven industrial systems

Business continuity and agility form the core modus operandi of modern global enterprises. Complex business processes performed in highly distributed production systems need to be efficiently integrated with the shop floor, which needs to be able to fully respond to dynamic adaptations and sophisticated interactions with the enterprise systems in a timely manner. As the new generation of industrial devices coming to the shop floors features greatly improved storage, computing and networking capabilities, the factory of the future transforms itself to a system of systems, where of large numbers of heterogeneous networked embedded devices dynamically exchange information, complement each other’s functionality and provide new innovative capabilities that satisfy the emergent dynamic business requirements. This new breed of networked embedded devices goes beyond simple passive roles, e.g. being able to store and report information about themselves and their physical surroundings once queried, but execute complex computations and global logic locally, as well as dynamically adapt to fulfil goal-driven conditions. They communicate in an open interoperable way, form cooperative peer-to-peer networks and strongly interact with enterprise systems. This leads to highly modular, manageable and dynamic factories that will be able to adapt and optimize their behaviour to achieve the business goals pursued in a cross-layer collaborative way.     

Performance management of manufacturing system networks

Performance management of communication networks is critical for speed, reliability, and flexibility of information exchange between different components, subsystems, and sectors (e.g., factory, engineering design, and administration) of production process organizations in the environment of computer integrated manufacturing (CIM). Essential to this distributed total manufacturing system is the integrated communications network over which the information leading to process interactions and plant management and control is exchanged. Such a network must be capable of handling heterogeneous traffic resulting from intermachine communications at the factory floor, CAD drawings, design specifications, and administrative information. The objective is to improve the efficiency in handling various types of messages, e.g., control signals, sensor data, and production orders, by on-line adjustment of the parameters of the network protocol.This paper presents a conceptual design, development, and implementation of a network performance management scheme for CIM applications including flexible manufacturing. The performance management algorithm is formulated using the concepts of: (1) Perturbation analysis of discrete event dynamic systems; (2) stochastic approximation; and (3) learning automata. The proposed concept for performance management can also serve as a general framework to assist design, operation, and management of flexible manufacturing systems.The performance management procedure has been tested via emulation on a network test bed that is based on the manufacturing automation protocol (MAP) which has been widely used for CIM networking. The conceptual design presented in this paper offers a step forward to bridging the gap between management standards and users' demands for efficient network operations since most standards such as ISO and IEEE address only the architecture, services, and interfaces for network management.This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation under Research Grant No. DDM-90-15173.     

Application of PLC's as front-end pre-processors in factory information systems

Factory information systems (FISs) have grown in acceptance largely because of the successful integration of a variety of data-collection, entry and display devices. The traditional factory computer system by and large ignored the moment-by-moment consequences of production processes, and focused instead on the assistance offered by automated shift-end counting and scheduling procedures. Separate systems handled the various functions (e.g. orders, raw materials, inventory, scheduling, etc.) and the assessment of productivity was left to the findings of endless meetings, negotiations and the interpretation of aged data reports. The data under consideration, however carefully collected, was so much after the event that problems forced the factory into a crisis-management mode in the hope that some restitution could be made. Real-time data is normally available in the process itself but is difficult to condense into a form that is useful for scheduling and FIS functions. Such data contains vital information as to the actual rela-time machine performance on the shop floor, and if processed correctly can be used to indicate and forecast production problems so that calm, yet timely, adjustments to schedules, etc. can be made. This paper describes how a PLC (programmable logic controller) was used to collect, pre-process and pass summary results to a low-cost supermicro computer for production monitoring and FIS purposes. This work was undertaken in response to an industry need for low-cost systems that could be retrofitted to factories with minimal disturbance to their day-to-day operations. This paper is a sequel to “Production Monitoring—A Proven Productivity Tool”, which appeared in Volume 4 Number 4 (November 1989) of this journal, on pages 335–348.     

无操作系统的Web远程监控系统设计

为缓解大规模远程监控网络构建成本和系统功能之间的矛盾,研究了无操作系统环境下的Web远程监控技术。针对无操作系统的背景,分析了缺乏文件系统、没有CGI接口、没有高级语言支持情况下的Web服务器设计问题;在引入LWIP的基础上,参照CGI实现的思想,提出了虚拟CGI的概念,建立了用户端与服务器端之间的动态交互;同时通过调用用户端的ActiveX控件的方式,在不增加服务器负担的前提下,丰富了用户端界面的动态显示;在LM3S8962系统上对该方案展开了评价,进行了加热炉温度远程控制实验。实验结果表明,该方案可以有效地对目标实现远程监控,性能上可以达到过去基于PC系统的水平。     

基于WCF的太阳能热水器性能远程监测系统

为解决现有太阳能热水器测试系统人工筛选数据、自动计算能力差及性能参数表现单一等问题,将Windows通讯接口技术（WCF）应用到远程数据采集中。开展了太阳能热水器性能测试原理及WCF远程通信的研究与分析,建立了本地数据采集系统与远程数据中心之间的关系,结合．Net开发平台,开发了一套新型的太阳能热水器性能远程监测系统,并提出了系统设计及实现的方法;对太阳能热水器测试系统的数据进行了远程采集,在此基础上开发了计算分析、数据显示、数据分类存储、报表生成等功能,以自动计算出系统的热量、热损系数等相关性能参数。研究结果表明,该远程监测系统数据采集稳定,计算结果准确可靠,通过将该平台无缝集成到现有测试系统中,提高了测试的效率。     

数码工厂——资讯年代的制造业

制造业的核心活动正透过创新的资讯科技及管理工具 ,由实物生产转移到系统性的知识处理。制造业的上游、中游及下游活动 ,利用计算机所提供的虚拟环境及互联网技术 ,优化及协调生产的各个环节 ,缩短产品的开发周期 ,改善企业对外的应变能力 ,并迅速回应顾客及市场的需求。数码工厂的运行 ,不仅涉及技术方面 ,而且涉及到企业经营运作模式的转变。未来制造业的竞争能力 ,有赖于无形的数码工厂与实际生产活动的紧密结合。数码工厂是新世纪的智慧型企业     

基于物联网数字工厂与智能工厂的整合研究

制造业中的物联网(IoT)被定义为未来每天车间里的实物、人和系统通过互联网连接,构建制造业的服务系统。智能工厂是构建物联网工厂的前提,它与物联网非常一致。物联网不仅处理物理对象之间的智能连接,还处理与数字工厂内使用的不同IT工具间的交互。由于数据和信息来自异构IT系统,存在领域、视点、粒度级别和生命周期阶段的不一致性,从而导致数据共享时无法进行互操作。因此,基于异构IT环境中集成数字工厂、IT工具和物联网的方法和原则,对不一致性进行研究。首先,提出一种基于识别信息集成内容、时间及方式的方法。其次,提出基于语义Web技术和生命周期协作开放服务(OSLC)工具互操作方法,将物联网和生命周期管理(PLM)平台进行集成。     

基于ARM-μCLinux的GPRS远程监控系统设计

介绍一种基于ARM-μClinux平台及GPRS技术的嵌入式监控系统。系统采用了ARMS3C44B0X芯片为核心设计监控终端硬件电路,在μClinux操作系统下进行了监控应用程序的开发,通过SIM300模块实现了监控终端与远程服务器的数据通信。该系统可以较好满足远程监控系统对数据传输可靠性和实时性的要求。     

基于嵌入式B/S模式的机电产品远程监控系统

针对机电产品远程监控中基于图像与视频的信息控制能力不足的问题,在以PLC为控制器的控制系统基础上增加了ARM核心控制器,设计并实现了一种低成本的嵌入式B/S模式的机电产品远程实时监控系统方案。该系统利用Video4linux控制USB摄像头获取机电产品工作时图像数据,并采用PNG算法实现图像压缩,通过RS232接口完成ARM与PLC间的通信,以获取机电产品实时工作参数和实现控制指令的传递。该系统通过嵌入式Boa服务器,采用B/S模式实现,并通过CGI技术实现图像和数据的远程实时动态传输。研究结果表明:"ARM+PLC+Web"交互这一组合的嵌入式系统方案,可为当前机电产品远程监控存在无法满足图像与视频中信息控制能力不足的问题提供了一个很好的解决平台。     

Building on success [performance management system]

Sustaining and improving the performance of a newly transformed operating system relies on more than the measurement of key indicators. It requires performance management systems that make use of the information they collect to take timely action before problems occur. To establish an appropriate performance management system, organizations need to decide how value should be measured at the top level of the organization and to choose performance indicators and targets that cascade from these top level metrics down to the shop floor. The right indicators include primary measures that effectively describe the system's performance and secondary measures that can act as a predictor for forthcoming problems or an aid to the diagnosis of root causes. They also include measures of performance over timescales, maintaining the organization's health so that short term profit is not achieved at the expense of future success. With a well-designed, effectively operated performance measurement system, companies can ensure that improvements achieved during the initial phase of an operational transformation are maintained and enhanced over the long term.     

协同设计在摩托车行业的研究与应用

阐述了在当今制造企业设计方面的需求,介绍了整车厂与配套厂之间利用基于协同平台模式的协同设计服务平台进行产品开发的应用模式,图解说明了企业之间进行交互协作的业务流程;概述了协同设计平台的功能设计以及平台开发的技术架构。     

Customer-focused and product-line-based manufacturing performance measurement

Until the 1980s, manufacturing companies relied solely on performance measurement systems based on traditional cost accounting systems to control, monitor, and improve operations. However, it has been shown that these systems do not capture the relevant performance issues for today’s manufacturing environment. Pre-80s systems focused on monitoring and controlling instead of supporting process improvements, promoting overall system optimization and addressing the dynamics of changing systems. A variety of integrated systems were proposed to overcome the limitations of the traditional performance measurements systems. However, these systems have not yet fully addressed the performance measurement system requirements for today’s manufacturing environment. This paper presents an integrated dynamic performance measurement system (IDPMS) developed in conjunction with the D Company Plant of Chungli, Taiwan. IDPMS integrates three main areas; company management, process improvement, and the factory shop floor. To achieve an integrated system, these three areas are linked through specifications, reporting and dynamic defined success area updating, performance measures, and performance standards. This study is undertaken to specify the interaction and movement among the three groups in the process from production planning to customer, “planning-manufacturing-customer”. The results from these stages, production planning, manufacturing, and customer service, are integrated. These factors are transformed into measurable, quantitative, and JIT (just-in-time) parameters utilized along with management by objectives (MBO) principles in planning and establishing a manufacturing performance measurement system focused on satisfying both internal and external customers. An example is given that illustrates how the IDPMS addresses the current performance measurement system requirements.     

基于组态王的矿区供水远程监控系统

针对矿区供水监控系统的现状,设计了基于组态王的矿区供水远程监控系统。系统应用具有W EB发布功能的Kingview 6.53组态软件技术,为供水公司搭建了集中监控、统一调度的综合管理信息平台,可进行手动、自动操作和就地、远程监控,具有实时显示、记录、分析、查询、报警、报表打印及远程访问等功能;其人机界面友好,运行稳定可靠,便于维护,为矿区供水系统的安全、经济运行提供了重要的保障。     

基于B/S模式的运检业务集约数据高质量识别方法

传统的监控运维方法缺乏有效的信息整合和监视,无法实现集约数据高质量识别。为提高数字电网运检业务集约数据识别和监控能力,结合B/S模式,提出基于B/S模式的运检业务集约数据高质量识别方法。结合一体化安全生产管理系统和GIS平台,采样运检业务集约数据的大数据特征,构建运检业务集约设备在线监测模型。结合雷电定位、覆冰监测、电压监测等子系统完成运检业务集约数据的传感信息采样和融合处理。在B/S体系下融合运检业务集约数据,并对其进行集成处理。结合“云大物移智”等技术实现运检业务集约的多源数据融合、分析以及应用处理,将其通过智能网关传输至物联网平台,完成运检业务集约数据高质量识别。实验结果验证了所提方法具有更高的识别精度,提高了电网设备状态在线监测效率和运检业务信息的分析能力。     

基于TINI平台的远程电网监控系统设计

针对电网监测现场设备以太网和TCP／IP组网能力较差的现状，文中从软硬件两方面介绍了一种采用TINI平台的远程电网监控系统。该系统经过多次运行，精确度和稳定性均符合设计要求，从而达到减少系统开发的复杂性，缩短设计周期和降低生产成本的目的，并有效地实现了电网远程监控。