核武器产品绿色制造评价模型

构建针对结构、性能、行为复杂产品的绿色评价模型和评价算法是核武器产品绿色制造的关键技术之一。从武器技战术性能目标、经济目标、资源目标、环境目标等几个方面来建立核武器产品的绿色性评价指标体系。考虑评价是在多学科专家协同工作、在全生命周期各阶段、在多目标优化下面向多方案的决策,建立了含目标维、周期维、专家维和方案维的四维评价模型。应用基于知识的多专家协同评价模糊求解算法和依次评价模糊求解算法,建立了基于W eb的绿色评价系统。     

Elicitation of process-planning knowledge in a manufacturing environment

Several research organisations are currently employing expert-system techniques for automating the process-planning function. Gathering the knowledge from the experts (in this case the process planners) is an essential part of building an expert system. This paper describes the gathering of the process-planning knowledge from an industrial environment for implementting it in a generative process-planning system for turned components. A variation of the observational study technique, in the form of the knoledge engineer shadowing the expert, was chosen as the most appropriate method that can be used in industry with minimum disruption. The gathered knowledge is generalised so that rules can be easily formulated.     

云制造——面向服务的网络化制造新模式

为求解更加复杂的制造问题和开展更大规模的协同制造,分析了目前应用服务提供商、制造网格等现有网络化制造模式在应用推广等方面遇到的问题,阐述了云计算服务模式、云安全、高性能计算、物联网等理念和新技术对解决网络化制造中运营、安全等问题的契机。在此基础上提出了一种面向服务的网络化制造新模式——云制造。给出了云制造的定义,分析了云制造与应用服务提供商、制造网格等的区别。提出了一种云制造的体系结构,讨论了实施云制造所需攻克的关键技术和所取得的成果。最后,给出了一个云制造的典型应用案例——基于云仿真原型平台的云设计。     

CAD平台下基于免疫过程的知识主动推送模型

为实现航空产品可制造性设计中工艺知识的主动推送,根据知识主动推送和机体免疫过程的相似性,构建了CAD平台下基于免疫过程的工艺知识主动推送模型,阐述了模型中各个子模块的特点、功能和实现方法.对传统免疫算法中抗原识别、浓度、亲和力等概念进行重新定义,提出能够实现工艺知识与需求自主匹配的KM-IRA算法.以某航空产品可制造性设计为例,实现了主动推送模型的应用,并验证了KM-IRA算法的可行性和有效性.     

Design and manufacturing interface modelling for manufacturing processes selection and knowledge synthesis in design

The research results presented in this paper are related to the specification of a method and models that tackle the problem of manufacturing processes selection and the integration, as soon as possible, of their constraints in the product modelling (i.e. information synthesis). This method is based on a skin and skeleton design/manufacturing interface model that ensures connection between design and manufacturing information. The use of these features is justified by their capacity to make a product representation which allows integration of both design and manufacture data and therefore assists the product breakdown definition (including the 3D forms) by least commitment. This method first analyses the product data issued from functional analysis and component selection (form, roughness, tolerance interval, etc.). Then, it deals with manufacturing information (manufacturing processes constraints). The approach is formalised with IDEF and UML models and has been consolidated with software developments based on C++ and open CASCADE technologies.     

Object-based knowledge bases in automatic manufacturing environments

A manufacturing system is a very complex network of physical activities, decision making and information flows. Hence the complexity of the design and the integration of such a system increases with increases in the degree of automation. In this paper the authors propose to use the framework of an object-oriented knowledge base as the basis to, organise the knowledge in an automatic manufacturing environment. Such systems can provide significant advantages in terms of knowledge management, integrity control, object abstraction, design abstraction, and very high level programming. The power of this framework is illustrated in detail in the context of process planning, which is one of the major components of an automatic manufacturing environment. This research is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number CDR-85-00022.     

机械零件制造知识的计量

本文以制造知识中几何知识为例，从描述复杂度和信息量的角度，给出了机械加工零件几何知识计量的一般计算方法。能够初步地计算出机械加工零件的几何知识含量，为更深入的、全面的研究制造知识的计量方法提供了理论基础。     

制造业信息系统多源异构知识集成

为了实现制造业信息系统中各类多源异构的数据、信息和知识层的集成,提出一个全新的可计算框架体系。通过定义一个应用领域的本体论,明确地定义其领域标准词汇和关系。同时,也形式化地定义一个对本体论具体状态进行详细说明的知识库,由此建立一个异构源的信息转化为通用的知识表示模型,解决知识集成过程中结构和语义两方面的异构问题。之后,应用资源描述框架模式(RDFS)作为信息和知识的核心转换技术,进行异构知识的转换和映射,实现异构知识集成。     

机械零件制造知识的表示

对制造知识进行了定义和分类;研究了制造知识的结构及其表示;以机械零件制造知识中几何知识为例,对零件知识的表达模型进行了分析,提出一种新的适合于产品制造知识的建模方法。     

The development of energy performance indicators within a complex manufacturing facility

Global energy demand is predicted to increase dramatically over the next 25 years, forcing energy prices to rise accordingly. In order to alleviate the impact of this energy price rise, more and more research is focusing on the efficient utilisation of energy. The research work presented here focuses on the manufacturing sector and provides an insight into the level of energy transparency that can be achieved by connecting an effective energy metering system to a robust energy management platform in order to monitor and control the energy requirements of a manufacturing plant. As the level of energy transparency increases, the number of meters, quantity of data and complexity of data handling increases correspondingly. Achieving total energy visibility within a manufacturing facility allows management to accurately identify, prioritise and record new opportunities for improving overall energy efficiency. The development and application of energy consumption metrics then allows energy performance to be monitored on a continuous basis. The results of this study highlight the benefits associated with disaggregating the total electrical consumption into significant energy users and monitoring each user independently.     

Database model for hierarchical control of manufacturing cell systems in a manufacturing shop

To access a large amount of static and dynamic data sets in achieving flexible manufacturing system (FMS) control functions, a corresponding database structure must be designed to effectively support the control. Within the context of a hierarchical manufacturing control architecture, this paper discusses the development of a semantic database structure for the control needs of manufacturing cell systems in a shop. A conceptual data model is first developed using entity-relationship diagrams (ERD), and the database is then implemented from a relational data model by a database management system. An application program is used to illustrate the production control command decomposition in a manufacturing shop that consists of several manufacturing cells. Feedback of control commands execution is also discussed. It is shown that the data flows in the hierarchical manufacturing control can be effectively supported by the developed databases and query interface.     

制造业信息集成策略

本文认为网络化制造模式应具有基于互联网的管理技术集成,协同人设计管理和实现异地施工组织网络化等基本内容。讨论了企业内部的信息集成方法,即使用材料的公共属性把不同管理系统之间的BOM结构集成在一起,并提出了不同组织协同设计过程作平台实现数据有限共享的有效方法。总结可行产品数据管理系统和目协作管理系统的实施经验,提出可行的实施方法和实施流程。     

Information support for manufacturing components

The principles of information support in the development, design, production, operation, and disposal of manufacturing components are considered.     

知识化制造系统中知识网的结构研究

针对知识化制造系统自重构后的新知识网合理性问题,研究了知识网的内在结构机理。首先利用等价关系对知识点集进行分类,构造知识点集的功能拓扑空间;通过真集建立知识点集和功能拓扑空间之间的联系;给出关于功能拓扑空间的基的相关结论,阐述了知识网、拓扑空间和基在本质上的对应关系。在明确这种结构原理的基础上,提出利用等价关系、基和基本知识点对知识网进行约简,利用传递闭包研究知识网复合联系的完备性,从而简化知识网的结构并增强知识网的合理性。最后,通过实例说明了该理论的有效性。     

基于AHP法的制造业知识管理绩效评价研究

在总结以往知识管理绩效评价指标体系的基础上,提出了针对制造业企业的知识管理绩效评价指标体系,通过运用层次分析法,确立制造业企业知识管理绩效评价指标权重。并利用调研数据,通过E-views软件对指标体系的科学性进行检验,最后进行实证分析。     

Configuration-oriented product modelling and knowledge management for made-to-order manufacturing enterprises

In made-to-order (MTO) manufacturing enterprises (ME), product architectures are usually modularised and components standardised. Product configuration is a key technology for order realisation in MTO–ME and is a typical knowledge-based application. Through a configuration process, product modules or components are selected and assembled according to customer requirements. Product configuration relates to a great deal of knowledge that represents complexity relations among components or modules, such as configuration rules and assembly constraints. Traditional product modelling techniques are focused mainly on physical product modelling and geometric representation, which makes them insufficient to help in the product configuration process. This paper discusses configuration-oriented product modelling and knowledge management for MTO–ME. A general process of product configuration modelling is proposed. The configuration model represents a product family from which a specific configuration solution or product variant can be derived. Actually, configuration modelling is a process which captures and represents product knowledge. In this paper, product knowledge is organised and managed through a knowledge component (KCOM) that includes configuration rules and constraints. A KCOM-based product knowledge representation model is presented. Finally, a PDM system is extended to support product modelling and knowledge management for MTO configurable products .     

现代制造技术及其发展模式

对现代制造技术中的数控技术,工业机器人和计算机辅助设计与制造菜模简要介绍。     

面向工艺领域的制造知识系统化建模方法研究

针对复杂产品工艺领域制造知识的组成和结构,基于知识的信息本质,采用系统的方法对制造知识进行了分析,提出了制造知识的系统化建模方法;从宏观整体性角度,建立了把领域知识自上而下划分为最小粒度知识的分类方法,用知识型谱刻画知识层次结构;从微观相关性角度,建立了制造知识的信息构成关系和拓扑构造方法,用记忆网络刻画制造知识拓扑结构,根据工艺领域制造知识的拓扑结构就可构建知识库.通过在飞机钣金工艺领域制造知识建模中的应用说明了该方法的有效性.     

基于本体的白车身制造工艺知识的表示研究

利用本体表示知识的方法,构建了基于本体制造工艺知识库的框架和领域本体模型,提出了白车身制造工艺本体的描述方法,并且通过本体编辑工具Protégé对车身左前门工艺进行了本体语言描述,提供了一定形式的本体文件,为制造工艺知识的共享和重用奠定了一定的基础.最后对将概念相似度计算应用于基于本体的语义检索进行了探索.