松协调下双臂机器人的协作工作空间计算

分析了松协调下双臂机器人的协作工作空间，介绍了一种计算双臂机器人协作工作空间的数值方法。在该方法基础上，利用LINGO软件确定双臂机器人的协作工作空间的界限曲面和极限位置。     

机器人灵活工作空间的边界分析

机器人灵活工作空间的分析是机器人运动学至今没有解决的一个问题.由于机器人在灵活工作空间中工作不会受到本身机构对它的限制.所以,机器人灵活工作空间的大小对于提高机器人的操作性能就显得格外重要.本文旨在解决机器人灵活工作空间边界的计算问题.首先.它分析了灵活工作空间边界的性质;其次,用一种新的方法——网络跟踪法确定了灵活工作空间在横截面内的边界;最后.提出了灵活工作空间端边界的求解方法.     

协作环境下的人机距离建模与最小距离迭代算法

为了使机器人适应更广泛、更复杂的任务需求,实现人与机器人的协作与共融,精确并实时地计算人与机器人之间的相对距离成为了不可避免的问题.针对该问题,提出了一种协作环境下的人机距离建模方法以及计算人机间最小距离的迭代算法.首先,利用机器人的3D模型构建机器人结构特征,并通过3D视觉传感器提取人体骨骼特征,将以上2组特征映射到同一坐标空间中建立协作环境下的人机距离模型.然后,在此模型的基础上迭代计算人与机器人间的最小距离并给出对应的空间位置点.最后以ABB公司的YuMi机器人为测试对象进行人机最小距离测量实验,实验结果表明该方法降低了建模难度、实现了计算的实时性,验证了该建模方法与迭代算法的有效性和实用性.     

受人类婴儿发育启发的机器人手眼协调方法

本研究的目的是建立一种通过机器人自主学习实现机器人手眼协调能力的方法,从而使机器人在真实环境中具有更高的自适应性.该方法受到人类婴儿发育过程的启发,首先构建了仿脑计算结构,模仿人类脑部在实现手眼协调过程中各个脑叶区域的配合过程;并提取人类婴儿在形成手眼协调的发育过程中的行为特征.使用该行为特征与仿脑计算结构相结合,建立一种新型的机器人手眼协调的学习算法.通过实验验证上述方法,结果表明:所建立的机器人控制学习系统可以实现机器人的手眼协调能力,并且可以让机器人表现出具有阶段性行为变化的这一类似人类发育过程的特征;同时在学习过程中机器人表现出高效的学习速度.     

机器人工作空间快速可靠数值算法

本文根据机器人的结构特点,选定机器人工作空间的中心点,利用机器人手臂端部在各个方向上到中心点的极限距离,设计出一种快速可靠的机器人工作空间数值算法.该算法比其他数值算法计算量少一个量级,且可靠性好.     

基于DELTA机器人的研究与设计

针对传统DELTA机器人工作空间较小的问题,本文设计出一种利用滚珠丝杠形成曲柄滑块机构代替机器人减速器的新型DELTA机器人,并通过搭建机器人模型、对机器人进行运动学分析以及工作空间比较分析,得出该机器人具有工作空间大的优点.     

一种协作机器人工作空间灵活度的求解方法

传统机器人工作空间灵活度主要采用逆运动学方法(IK)进行求解,而偏置的存在导致协作机器人的逆运动学求解困难,无法求解其工作空间灵活度.为此,提出了一种不需要进行逆运动学求解的改进方法.首先,对机器人偏置进行定义,并分析IK方法的不足.然后,借助服务球的概念得到满足服务点条件的几何约束,通过该几何约束得到求解灵活度的误差模型,并提出影响灵活度求解的误差参数E及工作空间灵活度指标λ.接着,分析改进方法中的参数n、n_0、n_1对E、λ的影响,并确定该参数的取值.最后,对比改进方法与IK方法可知,在保证求解准确性的前提下,改进方法比IK方法的求解时间短、计算效率高.通过求解具有偏置的协作机器人工作空间灵活度,证明了改进方法具有适应性强的特点.     

并联机器人工作空间的研究

本文对并联机器人的工作空间进行了研究.算法上采用输入转化的方法.使优化过程大为简化.在此基础上.对并联机器人工作空间的各截面进行了分析.并详细讨论了结构尺寸与工作空间的关系.得出扩大工作空间的几种途径.这对设计和应用并联机器人都有实际意义.     

基于视差平面分割的移动机器人障碍物地图构建方法

作为自主移动机器人地表障碍物探测（GPOD）技术的一部分,提出了一种利用双目摄像机的视差图像 获取信息来构建机器人前方障碍物栅格地图的方法. 该方法融合了3 维立体视觉技术以及2 维图像处理技术,前者 依据视差图的直方图信息对视差图像进行自适应平面分割,把每个平面看作是3 维场景中的实物切片进而提取障碍 物3 维信息,后者通过计算各平面上的障碍物信息曲线来提取障碍物信息,把立体视觉数据从视差图像空间变换到 2 维的障碍物地图空间. 给出了该方法构建障碍物地图的整体过程,试验结果证明了该算法的有效性和精确性.     

基于计算的工业喷涂机器人基本参数设计方法

设计与确定机器人参数需要在各项性能之间进行折衷,常常是一个耗时的迭代过程。本文提出了一种工业喷涂机器人基本参数确定的一般方法。通过喷涂机器人的设计与开发过程,基于机器人建模方法,归纳出机器人基本参数对各项性能尤其是工作空间特性的影响因素与规律,并在此过程中上分析了其结构参数对机器人工作空间和性能的影响,从而得出了机器人工作空间特性与结构参数之间的内在联系,为工业机器人的设计提供依据。     

Workspace analysis for haptic feedback manipulator in virtual cockpit system

To obtain natural space experience of haptic interaction for users in virtual cockpit systems (VCS), a haptic feedback system and a workspace analysis framework for haptic feedback manipulator (HFM) are presented in this paper. Firstly, improving the classical three-dimensional workspace obtained by the Monte Carlo method, a novel workspace representation method, oriented workspace, is presented, which can indicate both the position and the orientation of the end-effector. Then, aimed at the characters of HFMs, the oriented workspace is divided into the effective workspace and the prohibited area by extracting the control panel area. At last, the effective workspace volume and the control panel area are calculated by the double-directed extremum method, with the accuracy improved by repeatedly adding and extracting boundary points. By simulation, the area in which interactions between the manipulator and users hand performed is determined and accordingly the effective workspace along with its boundary and volume are obtained in a relative high precision, which lay a basis for haptic interaction in VCS.     

On the Workspace of a Free-Floating Space Robot

The planar problem of controlling the motion of a free-floating space robot is investigated. The robot consists of a body and a telescopic manipulator arm. The motion of the manipulator arm changes the body’s center of mass and causes the body to rotate. It is assumed that the length of the manipulator arm and the angle of its turn relative to the body are restricted. It is shown that the workspace of such a robot is significantly larger than the workspace of a robot with a fixed body. Due to the special motions of the manipulator arm, the robot’s body can be turned and the gripper can be moved from an arbitrary position to another arbitrary position if they are within the workspace, which is a ring centered at the robot’s center of mass. In addition, the prescribed angle between the manipulator arm and the body in the terminal position can be ensured.     

Collision-avoidance for redundant robots through control of the self-motion of the manipulator

A new method to on-line collision-avoidance of the links of redundant robots with obstacles is presented. The method allows the use of redundant degrees of freedom such that a manipulator can avoid obstacles while tracking the desired end-effector trajectory. It is supposed that the obstacles in the workspace of the manipulator are presented by convex polygons. The recognition of collisions of the links of the manipulator with obstacles results on-line through a nonsensory method. For every link of the redundant manipulator and every obstacle a boundary ellipse is defined in workspace such that there is no collision if the robot joints are outside these ellipses. In case a collision is imminent, the collision-avoidance algorithm compute the self-motion movements necessary to avoid the collision. The method is based on coordinate transformation and inverse kinematics and leads to the favorable use of the abilities of redundant robots to avoid the collisions with obstacles while tracking the end-effector trajectory. This method has the advantage that the configuration of the manipulator after collision-avoidance can be influenced by further requirements such as avoidance of singularities, joint limits, etc. The effectiveness of the proposed method is discussed by theoretical considerations and illustrated by simulation of the motion of three-and four-link planar manipulators between obstacles.     

A New Algorithm for Measuring and Optimizing the Manipulability Index

The estimation of the performance characteristics of robot manipulators is crucial in robot application and design. Furthermore, studying the manipulability index for every point within the workspace of any serial manipulator is considered an important problem. Such studies are required for designing trajectories to avoid singular configurations. In this paper, a new method for measuring the manipulability index is proposed, and then some simulations are performed on different industrial manipulators such as the Puma 560 manipulator, a six DOF manipulator and the Mitsubishi Movemaster manipulator.     

多关节机器人工作空间的分析与评价方法

本文运用 H-D 变换的基本原理,结合极坐标变换导出了产生n自由度多关节机器人工作空间的递推算法,当给定了机器人的结构尺寸,即可将机器人工作空间在一特定平面内的边界图形用计算机打出并计算出机器人工作空间容积。在本文的另一部分介绍了两种计算机器人工作空间的性能指标,最后用几个机器人的结构参数进行计算和讨论。     

Obstacle Modelling Oriented to Safe Motion Planning and Control for Planar Rigid Robot Manipulators

Trajectory planning and tracking are crucial tasks in any application using robot manipulators. These tasks become particularly challenging when obstacles are present in the manipulator workspace. In this paper a n-joint planar robot manipulator is considered and it is assumed that obstacles located in its workspace can be approximated in a conservative way with circles. The goal is to represent the obstacles in the robot configuration space. The representation allows to obtain an efficient and accurate trajectory planning and tracking. A simple but effective path planning strategy is proposed in the paper. Since path planning depends on tracking accuracy, in this paper an adequate tracking accuracy is guaranteed by means of a suitably designed Second Order Sliding Mode Controller (SOSMC). The proposed approach guarantees a collision-free motion of the manipulator in its workspace in spite of the presence of obstacles, as confirmed by experimental results.     

机器人工作空间的数值计算

本文给出了计算任意结构形式任意自由度单链机器人工作空间的数值方法。这种方法把计算机器人工作空间的极限距离、边界曲线和边界曲面问题转化为求满足一定约束条件下的极值问题。通过选用不同的目标函数和约束条件就可以求出机器人工作空间边界曲面上的一系列特征点,把这些点连成线或面就构成了机器人的工作范围.根据上述讨论本文编制了计算机器人工作空间的程序软件 WZ,只要输入机器人的结构参数和各自由度的运动范围就可以求出机器人工作空间边界曲面上的若干点,并用绘图机绘出边界曲线。     

Design parameter evaluation based on human operation for tip mechanism of forceps manipulator using surgical robot simulation

We proposed a design method for pediatric surgical robots that evaluates the workspace and view information in computer simulator before the actual robot is developed. In this study, we investigated a suturing task in a virtual environment using forceps manipulators with different mechanical parameters. We reproduced the surgical workspace for congenital esophageal atresia and measured the working volume and invisible area to obtain suitable parameters for the suturing task. We also calculated the suitable mechanical parameters using Pareto optimal solution method and verified the mechanical parameters in Pareto optimal solution. We verified from the experimental results that there is a trade-off between the working volume and invisible area during the suturing task. Moreover, we determined from the calculation results that the mechanical design of the forceps manipulator is influenced by the invisible area during the suturing task. Finally, we confirmed that it is possible to obtain suitable parameters for surgical robots using the proposed method.