化学镀Ni-W-P/Pr2O3镀层腐蚀电化学行为

采用极化曲线法和交流阻抗法研究了化学镀Ni-W-P/Pr2O3镀层在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl水溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为.极化曲线结果表明,化学镀Ni-W-P/Pr2O3镀层的自腐蚀电流(2.977 μA/cm2)远远小于Ni-P镀层(10.11 μA/cm2),说明Ni-W-P/Pr2O3的耐蚀性能比Ni-P镀层好.交流阻抗试验结果表明,Ni-W-P/Pr2O3镀层在整个浸泡过程中仅出现一个时间常数的单容抗弧,且随着腐蚀时间的增长,镀层电阻也在增大.     

ZM5镁合金化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的电化学腐蚀行为

在ZM5镁合金表面制备了化学镀Ni-P合金镀层,并对其微观形貌、成分、相结构及电化学腐蚀行为进行了分析。结果表明:化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的厚度约为25μm,表面均匀、平整,内部致密无缺陷,与基体结合紧密,其结构为非晶态。与ZM5镁合金基体相比,化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的自腐蚀电位正移了1.171 V,自腐蚀电流密度减小了近3个数量级,表现出良好的耐蚀性。化学镀Ni-P合金镀层在阴极极化电位和自腐蚀电位下的阻抗谱均由两个容抗弧半圆组成,表现为均匀腐蚀。而阳极电位下化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的阻抗谱由容抗弧和Warburg阻抗组成,表现为局部腐蚀。化学镀Ni-P合金镀层在自腐蚀电位和阴极极化电位下工作能显著提高耐蚀性,并且在自腐蚀电位下的耐蚀性更好。而化学镀Ni-P合金镀层在阳极极化电位下的耐蚀性较差,不利于镀镍镁合金的长期使用。     

钢基体的Ni-P和Ni-Cu-P合金镀层的性能研究

对比了Ni-P合金镀层和Ni-Cu-P合金镀层的耐蚀性及硬度。研究了热处理温度及保温时间对两种镀层耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:与Ni-P合金镀层相比,Ni-Cu-P合金镀层表面更加致密,耐蚀性更好;当热处理温度为200~300℃时,Ni-P合金镀层和Ni-Cu-P合金镀层的硬度均随保温时间的延长而增大;当热处理温度为400℃时,Ni-P合金镀层和Ni-Cu-P合金镀层的硬度均随保温时间的延长先增大后减小。     

化学镀镍磷合金的耐蚀性

采用化学镀方法制取Ni-P非晶合金镀层。测定了镀层的耐蚀性和极化曲线,研究了热处理对非晶态Ni-P合金耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:在非氧化性酸及中性介质中,Ni-P非晶合金镀层具有优良的耐蚀性,热处理使其耐蚀性降低。     

化学镀Ni-P合金镀层在低温模拟海水中的腐蚀性能

为了改善Q235钢在低温海水中的耐蚀性,在Q235钢表面化学镀Ni-P合金镀层。采用显微镜观察了镀层的表面形貌,采用X射线衍射仪分析了镀层的结构,并通过浸泡试验、极化曲线和电化学阻抗等方法考察了Q235钢和镀层在5℃的模拟海水中的耐蚀性。结果表明:化学镀Ni-P合金镀层表面的胞状物分布较为均匀,镀层为非晶态结构,镀层在低温海水中的腐蚀速率约为Q235钢的1/5。这主要与该镀层在海水中能够发生钝化及镀层表面较为致密有关。     

Ni-Cu-P化学镀层表面铁细菌污垢特性

利用化学镀Ni-Cu-P工艺对换热器常用材料低碳钢进行改性,研究Ni-Cu-P镀层表面铁细菌污垢特性。将试样置于铁细菌悬液中进行为期5天的污垢沉积实验,记录Ni-Cu-P镀层表面铁细菌污垢沉积量、腐蚀失重量以及铁细菌生长变化情况,分析铁细菌污垢实验前后镀层表面微观形貌。测试不同时间的极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱,定性分析极化曲线和阻抗谱的变化规律,采用Zsimp Win拟合出最佳等效电路模型。研究结果表明,Ni-Cu-P镀层可以有效抑制微生物污垢生长,与未施镀的碳钢试样对比,Ni-Cu-P改性表面污垢沉积量减少89.1%,表面失重量减少80.2%。Ni-Cu-P镀层自腐蚀电位高于碳钢,自腐蚀电流密度比碳钢小,且容抗弧半径大于碳钢,展现了较好的耐蚀性。铁细菌对Ni-Cu-P镀层的腐蚀速度先减小后增大,在12h腐蚀速度最小。     

芳纶纤维Ni-P/Ni-Cu-P双层化学镀的结构与形貌

采用化学镀技术,实现了芳纶纤维表面化学镀Ni-P/Ni-Cu-P的金属化处理,利用SEM、EDS和XRD分别对芳纶纤维原始样品、粗化后、施镀后及剥落层的表面形貌、镀层的成分和物相进行了分析比较,并对镀层的形成机制及剥落原因进行了分析研究。结果表明:经过预处理的芳纶纤维比表面积增大,增加了其亲水性和活性;化学镀Ni-P/Ni-Cu-P后,Ni-P镀层中镍含量降低,磷含量增多,纯镍转化为Ni₃P且伴随有少量的铜的出现,整体镀层中Ni、Cu、P的原子比为8.54:3.66:5.59,镀层中以纯Cu、Cu₃P和Ni₃P为主;另外由于镀层中应力分布不均,以及P在Ni-P/Ni-Cu-P相界面的偏聚,削弱了界面的结合强度,使局部拉应力集中,造成了镀层的剥落;且化学镀铜是依靠镍离子的催化作用形成镀层的。     

化学镀Ni-P合金镀层铬酸盐钝化及其耐蚀性的研究

对化学镀Ni-P合金镀层进行铬酸盐钝化处理,并研究了钝化温度和钝化时间对化学镀NiP合金镀层耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:钝化处理可以显著提高化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的耐蚀性。经40g/L重铬酸钾钝化的化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的耐蚀性明显优于经5g/L重铬酸钾钝化的化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的耐蚀性。随着钝化温度的升高或钝化时间的延长,化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的耐蚀性增强。     

阴离子对化学镀Ni-Cu-P合金耐蚀性的影响

采用化学镀工艺在铜基体表面沉积Ni-Cu-P镀层,利用扫描电镜(SEM)和电子能谱(EDX)对Ni-Cu-P镀层的形貌和成分进行了分析。同时,采用极化曲线(PC)和交流阻抗(EIS)研究了常温下Ni-Cu-P镀层在0.1 mol/L,0.001 mol/L的NaCl,Na2SO4,NaNO3和NaNO2电解质中的耐蚀性能。结果表明,在较高浓度下,氯离子和硫酸根离子的活性吸附作用能够促进镀层中Ni的溶解,从而也加速了镀层的表面钝化,在较低浓度下,氯离子和硫酸根离子的活性吸附作用减弱,镀层很难钝化;硝酸根离子和亚硝酸根离子在高浓度和低浓度下均很难使镀层钝化。     

机械传动轴基体化学镀Ni-P合金镀层

在机械传动轴用40Cr钢基体上制备了化学镀Ni-P合金镀层,并对化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的厚度、表面粗糙度、结构、表面形貌及耐蚀性进行了研究。结果表明:化学镀Ni-P合金镀层属于立方结构,结晶度较好;化学镀Ni-P合金镀层表面呈现出均匀、致密的颗粒状形貌,厚度约为6.5 pm;化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的自腐蚀电位为一0.305 V,自腐蚀电流密度为36.72 ptA/cm2,耐蚀性较好。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.