Segmentation of Three-Dimensional Images with Parametric Active Surfaces and Topology Changes

In this paper, we introduce a novel parametric finite element method for segmentation of three-dimensional images. We consider a piecewise constant version of the Mumford–Shah and the Chan–Vese functionals and perform a region-based segmentation of 3D image data. An evolution law is derived from energy minimization problems which push the surfaces to the boundaries of 3D objects in the image. We propose a parametric scheme which describes the evolution of parametric surfaces. An efficient finite element scheme is proposed for a numerical approximation of the evolution equations. Since standard parametric methods cannot handle topology changes automatically, an efficient method is presented to detect, identify and perform changes in the topology of the surfaces. One main focus of this paper are the algorithmic details to handle topology changes like splitting and merging of surfaces and change of the genus of a surface. Different artificial images are studied to demonstrate the ability to detect the different types of topology changes. Finally, the parametric method is applied to segmentation of medical 3D images.     

基于改进活动轮廓模型的数字虚拟人图像分割算法

对组织器官的分割和提取是医学图像三维重建及可视化的基础工作。根据数字虚拟人图像的特点,提出了一种基于改进活动轮廓模型的数字虚拟人图像分割算法,推导出了基于改进活动轮廓模型方程的解析表达式,并采用梯度向量流场对该算法进行了改进。该算法克服了传统活动轮廓模型不能处理深度凹陷区域的问题。实验结果表明,该算法具有对“U”形区域计算精确、抗干扰性强、可得到很好的分割结果。     

基于拓扑相似性的等距参数曲面求交算法

等距曲面求交算法通常采用曲面求交算法反复迭代计算交线,没有考虑不同Offset距离等距曲面交线的相似性进行求交简化.提出了一种基于拓扑相似性的等距曲面求交优化算法.算法首先求取曲面的拓扑特征点,根据拓扑特征点分布图,确定交线环拓扑结构,在交线拓扑结构信息的指导下,确定初始点的搜索策略.采用提出的方法可以有效解决等距曲面的子环、奇点遗漏、分支跳跃、乱序跟踪和初始点求取问题,精确、鲁棒地计算出交线.     

基于变宽邻域图割和活动轮廓的目标分割方法

基于图割的活动轮廓算法是一个结合图割优化工具和活动轮廓模型迭代变形思想的目标分割算法。针对算法在迭代过程中对已达目标边界的活动轮廓线所在邻域重复切割的不足,将活动轮廓线分为已达目标曲线段和未达目标曲线段,仅对未达目标曲线段进行膨胀得到可变宽度轮廓线邻域,从而减少了对邻域的切割时间。实验表明,改进算法效率提高为原来的2~3倍。     

基于高斯混合模型的活动轮廓模型脑MRI分割

传统的活动轮廓模型用于图像分割往往基于目标的边界信息,在图像含有强噪音或目标具有弱边界时很难得到真实解.引入高斯混合模型构造新的约束项,在新的约束项作用下模型可以减少噪音的影响,并防止从弱边界泄漏.高斯混合模型求解通常使用Expectation-maximization(EM)算法,该算法是局部优化算法,且对初值敏感.因此引入粒子群算法,并提出一种改进的算法,利用该算法的全局优化性求解高斯混合模型的参数,以提高参数精度.对脑核磁共振图像(MRI)分割实验表明该模型具有较好的分割效果.     

医学图像轮廓跟踪的广义模糊粒子滤波方法

在医学图像运动跟踪领域,轮廓线跟踪是描绘边缘运动的有力手段．为避免观测噪声的影响,增加轮廓的时空局部约束并利用粒子滤波(PF)技术解决该类跟踪问题是非常有效的．为更好地优化计算PF的重要比率(IR)以提高粒子滤波器的性能,该文提出了广义模糊粒子滤波(GFPF)方法,通过与当前较好的无迹粒子滤波(UPF)相比较,GFPF显示了很好的效果;另外,在似然估计方面,GFPF提供了独特的似然轮廓估计算法．理论和试验证明,GFPF不仅能够很好地解决动态轮廓跟踪问题,还为当前各种PF算法的IR计算提供了全新的解决途径．     

Intrinsic Bayesian Active Contours for Extraction of Object Boundaries in Images

We present a framework for incorporating prior information about high-probability shapes in the process of contour extraction and object recognition in images. Here one studies shapes as elements of an infinite-dimensional, non-linear quotient space, and statistics of shapes are defined and computed intrinsically using differential geometry of this shape space. Prior models on shapes are constructed using probability distributions on tangent bundles of shape spaces. Similar to the past work on active contours, where curves are driven by vector fields based on image gradients and roughness penalties, we incorporate the prior shape knowledge in the form of vector fields on curves. Through experimental results, we demonstrate the use of prior shape models in the estimation of object boundaries, and their success in handling partial obscuration and missing data. Furthermore, we describe the use of this framework in shape-based object recognition or classification.     

Variational Segmentation of Image Sequences Using Region-Based Active Contours and Deformable Shape Priors

In this paper we address the problem of segmentation in image sequences using region-based active contours and level set methods. We propose a novel method for variational segmentation of image sequences containing nonrigid, moving objects. The method is based on the classical Chan-Vese model augmented with a novel frame-to-frame interaction term, which allow us to update the segmentation result from one image frame to the next using the previous segmentation result as a shape prior. The interaction term is constructed to be pose-invariant and to allow moderate deformations in shape. It is expected to handle the appearance of occlusions which otherwise can make segmentation fail. The performance of the model is illustrated with experiments on synthetic and real image sequences.     

Reconstruction and Simplification of Surfaces from Contours

In this paper we consider the problem of reconstructing triangular surfaces from given contours. An algorithm solving this problem must decide which contours of two successive slices should be connected by the surface (branching problem) and, given that, which vertices of the assigned contours should be connected for the triangular mesh (correspondence problem). We present a new approach that solves both tasks in an elegant way. The main idea is to employ discrete distance fields enhanced with correspondence information. This allows us not only to connect vertices from successive slices in a reasonable way but also to solve the branching problem by creating intermediate contours where adjacent contours differ too much. Last but not least we show how the 2D distance fields used in the reconstruction step can be converted to a 3D distance field that can be advantageously exploited for distance calculations during a subsequent simplification step.     

基于图划分的形状统计主动轮廓模型心脏MR图像分割

为有效分析心脏功能,高精度分割左、右心室是必要的.心脏MR图像中存在图像灰度不均,左、右心室及周围其它组织灰度接近,存在弱边缘、边缘断裂及噪声造成边缘模糊等现象,给精确分割左、右心室轮廓带来困难.本文在基于图划分的主动轮廓方法基础上,通过对训练形状进行配准及变化模式分析,定义左、右心室轮廓形状变化允许空间,提出基于图划分的形状统计主动轮廓模型来分割心脏MR图像.该方法通过图划分理论将图像分割问题转化为最优化问题,所以能够得到全局最优解,具有较大的捕捉范围.还引入形状统计来引导曲线的演化,有效处理曲线演化时存在的边缘泄漏问题,提高分割精度.实验结果表明,本文方法较以往方法具有更高的分割精度和更好的稳定性,为临床应用提供一种较可行的方法.     

参数曲面上的插值与混合

如何表示曲面上的曲线,在处理诸如数控加工中的路径设计以及CAD/CAM等领域频繁出现的曲面裁剪问题时显得日益重要.给出了数据点的切方向(切方向及曲率向量或测地曲率值)指定而G¹连续(G²连续)插值曲面上任意点列的方法.作为曲面上曲线插值问题的特例,还讨论了曲面上曲线的混合问题.基本思想是借助于微分几何的有关结论,曲面上曲线的插值问题被转化为其参数平面上类似的曲线插值问题.该方法能够用二维隐式方程来表示曲面上的插值曲线,从而把在显示该曲线时所面对的曲面求交的几何问题转化为计算隐式曲线的代数问题.实验证明该方法是可行的,而且适用于CAD/CAM及计算机图形学等领域.     

基于活动轮廓模型的胃窦B超序列图象边缘轮廓的提取与跟踪

提出了一种基于活动轮廓模型的胃窦B超序列图象边缘轮廓的提取与跟踪方法.对于序列中的第一幅图象,通过人工取点,B样条拟合的方法,提取其初始轮廓,再运用活动轮廓模型,进行边缘轮廓的逼近,以获得比较精确的胃窦边缘轮廓.在后续图象处理中,将活动轮廓模型与光流模型相结合,实现了轮廓的跟踪.实验的结果证明了该方法的有效性.     

Augmented Lagrangian Method for Total Variation Based Image Restoration and Segmentation Over Triangulated Surfaces

Recently total variation (TV) regularization has been proven very successful in image restoration and segmentation. In image restoration, TV based models offer a good edge preservation property. In image segmentation, TV (or vectorial TV) helps to obtain convex formulations of the problems and thus provides global minimizations. Due to these advantages, TV based models have been extended to image restoration and data segmentation on manifolds. However, TV based restoration and segmentation models are difficult to solve, due to the nonlinearity and non-differentiability of the TV term. Inspired by the success of operator splitting and the augmented Lagrangian method (ALM) in 2D planar image processing, we extend the method to TV and vectorial TV based image restoration and segmentation on triangulated surfaces, which are widely used in computer graphics and computer vision. In particular, we will focus on the following problems. First, several Hilbert spaces will be given to describe TV and vectorial TV based variational models in the discrete setting. Second, we present ALM applied to TV and vectorial TV image restoration on mesh surfaces, leading to efficient algorithms for both gray and color image restoration. Third, we discuss ALM for vectorial TV based multi-region image segmentation, which also works for both gray and color images. The proposed method benefits from fast solvers for sparse linear systems and closed form solutions to subproblems. Experiments on both gray and color images demonstrate the efficiency of our algorithms.     

Detection of Cylindrical and Spherical Surfaces and Determining Their Parameters in Segmentation of Range Images

Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International - An analytical solution of the problem of estimating the coordinates of the axis of a cylindrical surface and its radius by processing range...     

融合局部和全局图像信息的活动轮廓模型

为了克服局部图像拟合模型对轮廓初始化敏感的不足,结合改进C-V模型,提出一种融合局部和全局图像信息的活动轮廓模型.首先由改进C-V模型的全局灰度拟合力和局部图像拟合模型的局部灰度拟合力的一个线性组合来构造水平集演化力,然后通过调整这2个拟合力的权重以提升该模型对轮廓初始化的灵活性,最后利用高斯滤波正则水平集函数法实现水平集函数的正则化.实验结果表明,对于一些真实和人造图像,文中模型显示了对轮廓初始化的鲁棒性,以及较好地处理灰度不均图像的能力.     

窄带主动轮廓模型及在医学和纹理图像局部分割中的应用

提出一种新的基于二值水平集的窄带主动轮廓模型用于局部分割.通过对二值水平集进行形态学膨胀和腐蚀操作, 提出一种稳定灵活可控的窄带控制方案,该方案可使得曲线进化精度从一个像素宽度灵活变化到任意大小. 考虑到局部分割一般要求初始轮廓置于待分割目标内部并不断膨胀进化直至目标边缘,本文提出用形态学闭运算作为新的曲线平滑方案. 与传统的高斯平滑和曲率平滑方案相比,形态学闭运算不仅能够更好地促进曲线的膨胀进化,而且有利于保持水平集函数的二值性. 此外,本文提出的方法是一种通用的自然框架,可以根据不同的需求设计不同的速度函数. 为了证明所提出的局部分割框架的有效性和鲁棒性,本文以医学图像和纹理图像为例分别设计了两个速度函数: 一个是融合了磁共振脑图像的非严格对称信息的速度函数用于大脑皮质下结构的局部分割;另一个是融合了局部熵和局部梯 度算子的速度函数用于纹理图像的局部分割. 在合成图像、医学图像和纹理图像上的实验证明了本文方法在局部分割中的有效性和鲁棒性.     

局部熵驱动区域主动轮廓的局部化框架

提出一种将任意基于区域主动轮廓线模型进行局部化推广的框架.该框架的能量泛涵包含一个惩罚区域弧长的几何正则项和一个局部区域数据拟合项.根据图像像素空间排列的相关性,采用一个滑动窗函数提取图像局部熵,将图像从灰度空间转化到相应局部熵特征空间.在局部熵特征空间,采用另外的窗函数进行局部区域信息提取,从而推导出区域主动轮廓线模...     

复合帧运动模糊图像复原方法研究

对复合帧图像运动模糊的复原问题进行了较为系统的研究。利用块匹配算法估计场间的位移矢量,即模糊范围和模糊方向以消除边缘“阶梯效应”;采用维纳滤波方法对场内的运动模糊图像进行了复原;经对一个CCD照相机以不同的相对运动速度在不同的距离对一个门牌号摄取的模糊图像进行复原,证明该文方法的有效性。