基于服务协作中间件的动态流程模型

新兴的面向服务体系结构正在加速软件的发展和变化,无法适应动态环境的应用将逐渐失去作用,尤其对那些面临着需求频繁变更的业务流程管理系统而言更是如此.为了响应这种现实需求,基于Web服务和业务流程管理技术,提出了服务协作中间件(service cooperation middleware,简称SCM)模型,探讨了其内部机理与协作流程元模型的形式化.通过引入模型转换,扩充流程状态空间,定义了动态流程模型,动态流程的结构重构和行为自适应可以借助SCM的反射能力得以实现.针对SCM模型,设计了流程虚拟机(prrocess virtual machine,简称PVM),流程在运行时由PVM控制执行.借助于模型驱动机制,业务流程可从设计到运行不断地进行模型变换.由此建立的业务流程能够更灵活、更广泛地适用于各种开放环境,提升企业分布计算.     

A Product Data Management architecture for integrating hardware and software development

This paper proposes an architecture of Product Data Management (PDM) for integrating Software Configuration Management (SCM). The proposed architecture extends its data model to support version items for SCM. Its applications support both PDM and SCM functionalities, as well as integrate hardware parts and software items in product configurations and engineering change management. The architecture is implemented by using a commercial Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) system. The implementation enables hardware engineers and software programmers to share the same user environment, on a consistent database during the collaborative product development.     

Architecture analysis of enterprise systems modifiability: a metamodel for software change cost estimation

Enterprise architecture models can be used in order to increase the general understanding of enterprise systems and specifically to perform various kinds of analysis. The present paper proposes a metamodel for enterprise systems modifiability analysis, i.e. assessing the cost of making changes to enterprise-wide systems. The enterprise architecture metamodel is formalized using probabilistic relational models, which enables the combination of regular entity-relationship modeling aspects with means to perform enterprise architecture analysis. The content of the presented metamodel is validated based on survey and workshop data and its estimation capability is tested with data from 21 software change projects. To illustrate the applicability of the metamodel an instantiated architectural model based on a software change project conducted at a large Nordic transportation company is detailed.     

企业应用集成与基于web services的构架应用

互联网技术的快速发展,为企业的信息化提出了更高的要求,基于先进管理理念的ERP、CRM、SCM以及电子商务技术成为企业应用的趋势;然而,由于不同系统间平台、语言、标准等的差异性,使得进行企业应用集成成为企业信息化的重要形式,随着新的网络应用技术构架webservices技术的出现,为企业应用集成的发展提供了崭新的模式,该文介绍了企业信息化及企业应用系统集成的主要形式,并分析了当前webservices技术的主要特点及基于webservices技术的应用构架,阐述了webservices技术在企业应用集成上的应用与前景。     

基于多代理的过程企业供应链集成化系统研究

本文以炼化企业为例分析了过程企业供应链物流处理过程及其系统管理的特点 ,提出了应用人工智能多 Agent技术集成化的供应链管理系统 (SCM)框架模型和总体功能结构 ,同时提出了 SCM系统应由SRM、PPM、CRM三个子系统构成的观点 ,分析了 CRM系统应实现的功能 ,最后论述了基于多代理技术实现供应链管理系统的集成和协调策略     

基于软件配置管理的度量研究

软件配置管理(SCM)是软件开发过程中控制软件产品演化的重要质量保障活动，基于SCM进行度量可以量化的分析软件系统的演化，对提高软件质量和生产效率有重要作用。本文首先根据SCM的管理范畴．阐述了基于SCM度量的三方面的内容；接着我们以SCM的变更管理为基础，介绍了软件组织如何使用GQM方法获取度量指标。并且着重分析了如何收集变更过程中的度量数据，我们提出了一种简单易行的方法——CR-Delta方法。最后我们介绍了在一个面向企业的过程支持系统CPMS中SCM的度量的自动化实现过程。     

WSN集成EPCglobal:环境感知的供应链监管

随着目前全球供应链管理网络体系（EPCglobal）的日趋成熟,供应链的管理已经不再局限于一个企业内部,开放式、多角色参与的供应链管理模式正在形成。通过物品上的EPC标识和一个分布式的信息系统,EPCglobal为流通物品创建了一条信息链,可追溯至此物品的供应链源头。从供应链管理的本质与发展趋势看,与真实环境的交互能力越强,交互数据越实时,越能更好地对供应链的实施全程监管。提出一个将WSN与EPCglobal的集成方案,无缝地绑定物品EPC标识和环境感知信息,可大大增强EPCglobal对生产和仓储过程的信息获取和处理能力,并提供统一接口供用户访问。WSN与EPCglobal的集成不仅是技术意义上的异种网络集成,更是对供应链信息化管理层面的一种拓宽和深化。     

Effect of change management capability in real-time environment: an information orientation perspective in supply chain management

Supply chain management (SCM) is an important strategic tool that requires careful planning and management. While the availability of real-time information is a critical aspect of an SCM system, it possesses a potential to disrupt supply chain participants. Thus, the success of an SCM system hinges on how well participants deal with changes taking place in a real-time environment. This study adopts the concept of the real-time enterprise to understand the role of change management on SCM performance based on the concept of the information orientation. The study empirically validated the role of change management on SCM performance.     

基于CAFISE Framework的高适应性面向服务软件开发

在企业及电子政务应用中,由资源分布异构及需求动态变化而产生的问题越来越严重,如何让应用快速适应这些变化一直是人们关注的一个研究难题.首先给出了一个面向服务的支持业务端编程的适应性软件结构框架CAFISE(convergent approach for information system evolution)Framework,然后给出了基于该框架的面向服务的适应性软件开发方法.CAFISE Framework对异构资源的服务化、业务化及开放动态的面向服务软件体系结构提供了较好的支持.基于该结构框架的开发方法,从对影响软件的环境要素分析入手,通过质量属性驱动的体系结构分析,重点针对应用要适应的变化进行结构设计,最终通过以体系结构为基础的业务端编程,实现面向服务应用的即时开发与演化.在实际项目中的使用及实验证明:用该框架和方法开发的面向服务应用,能够较好地适应异构资源的动态变化及用户业务变更,能以较低的代价实现企业及电子政务面向服务应用的持续演化.     

Improving active participation during enterprise operations modeling with an extended story-card-method and participative modeling software

The COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the need for process automation, using agile software development practices. However, when agile methods are used in scaled contexts, many software development efforts fail, mainly due to lacking requirements engineering practices. When business-oriented software needs to be developed within a scaled context, the story-card method (SCM), developed as part of a previous study, assists in structuring emerging software requirements within a taxonomy that represents enterprise operation. The SCM helps agile team members to develop a common understanding about enterprise operation when they construct the enterprise operation taxonomy. Digital participatory enterprise modeling (PEM) may increase collaboration and understanding among team members, especially when team members are geographically dispersed, when they co-model their understanding of enterprise operations. Using design science research to further evolve the existing SCM, we identified two concerns regarding the existing SCM: (1) The modeling software did not encourage active participation during modeling, and (2) Low quality of the resulting cooperation structure diagram (CSD) that is used to derive an enterprise operation taxonomy, i.e., the need to further extend the existing SCM. As main contribution of this article, we addressed previous deficiencies of the SCM, developing an extended SCM (eSCM), based on principles and guidelines that would encourage online participation during PEM, also providing a comprehensive case to demonstrate the eSCM. As a second contribution, we used survey-feedback from research participants, as well as activity tracking to evaluate whether the modeling tool encouraged active PEM. Our third contribution is to evaluate the quality of the resulting CSDs with suggestions for future improvement.

     

基于SOA的汽车SCM设计与实现

为了快速、便捷地实现汽车SCM中各异构实体间的信息交互和信息共享、提高构建汽车SCM的IT基础架构的灵活性、降低企业软件成本,提出了基于SOA的汽车SCM实现模型.充分利用SOA的松耦合性、独立性和与平台无关性等特点,在重用汽车SCM领域现有业务逻辑和数据模型的基础上,对汽车SCM的核心环节进行组织再造和业务流程再造.基于SOA的汽车SCM系统打通了汽车企业信息共享的瓶颈,为满足汽车主机厂JIT供给提供了信息支撑平台,它是在确保汽车企业当前的短期效益与永久改善IT环境之间的一个完美平衡点,是一个面向企业未来的长期策略.     

Multi-perspective enterprise modeling: foundational concepts,prospects and future research challenges

The paper presents a method for multi- perspective enterprise modeling (MEMO) and a corresponding (meta-) modeling environment. An extensive analysis of requirements for enterprise modeling serves to motivate and assess the method. The method is based on an elaborate conception of multi-perspective enterprise models and on an extensible language architecture. The language architecture is comprised of a meta modeling language and an extensible set of integrated domain-specific modeling languages (DSML). The DSML are supplemented with process models and with guidelines for their reflective use. The corresponding modeling environment integrates editors for various DSML into multi-language model editors. It includes a meta model editor which enables the convenient use, development and extension of the set of supported DSML and supports the generation of respective graphical model editors. Thus, it also serves as a foundation for method engineering. MEMO covers both software engineering as well as social, managerial and economic aspects of the firm. The presentation of MEMO is supplemented with a comparative overview of other approaches to enterprise modeling. The paper concludes bys summarizing fundamental technical, epistemological and political challenges for enterprise modeling research and discusses potential paths for future research.     

基于电子商务的供应链管理研究

供应链管理是21世纪企业管理的发展趋势。本文首先分析了供应链管理的本质、然后着重对供应链管理软件的特征进行探讨,并给出了我国企业的应对策略。     

RFID中间件及其仓储管理的应用

现阶段RFID技术发展迅速，在物流仓储、商品防伪、交通运输、医疗卫生、国防军事等方面得到了广泛应用。但是由于将RFID设备与企业后端系统（如：SCM系统、ERP系统）之间的整合耗费不菲且技术复杂，制约了RFID技术的推广。近来RFID中间件的推出很好地解决了技术与成本这两方面问题，加速了RFID技术的推广使用。该文在介绍RFID（射频识别）技术的组成及其特点的基础上，研究了RFID中间件架构，并提出了一个基于IBM RFID中间件开发的仓储管理系统的设计方法。     

基于网格的供应链信息系统的建模与分析

当今供应链的竞争已成为企业竞争的焦点,构建一个分布式、集成化的供应链管理信息系统已成为关键。结合供应链管理信息系统的特点,并基于Globus Toolkit和开放网格服务架构,该文构建了基于开放网格基础设施的供应链管理信息系统的模型。并通过一个实例利用时间Petri网进行建模分析,验证了该模型在提高供应链效率方面的作用。     

基于Agent的协同商务过程管理系统研究

在供应链管理中,商务过程往往跨越多个商务实体,各实体对相应过程段的管理具有一定的自主性和私有性,并又协同工作.传统集中式的商务过程管理模式已不能适应供应链管理的需求.针对敏捷供应链中分布式、P2P(Peer-to-Peer)式的协同商务过程管理模式,设计了基于Agent的网络协同商务过程管理系统,该系统支持分布式商务过程管理和控制,并进行了原型开发.     

Unternehmensarchitektur – Literaturüberblick und Stand der Praxis

Organization and management of enterprise architecture have gained increasing significance in recent years. Enterprise architecture management is based on a consistent, aggregate model of the enterprise in order to support decisions such as the design of business areas and products, corresponding business processes and organizational structures as well as application systems and infrastructure operations. Stakeholders have heterogeneous requirements concerning the views on enterprise architecture. The resulting model itself has to be manageable and has to deliver benefits. This article provides an overview of the state-of-the-art of enterprise architecture / enterprise architecture management in the literature as well as current practices in companies. In addition to a literature overview, current practices are presented based on results of an empirical study.     

基于多Agent的柔性企业资源计划系统体系结构研究

为了解决传统ERP的不足，提出了柔性企业资源计划系统（F－ERP）的概念，柔性ERP包括两个方面的内容：一是企业的柔性，二是ERP软件系统的柔性，采用软件Agent构造的F－ERP由数据层，工具层，应用层，决策层构成，采用组件技术，遵循CORBA规范设计而成的ERP系统，可以支持供应链管理要求的异构环境及分布式计算要求。