Microstructure and mechanical properties of Zr-Cu-Al bulk metallic glasses

Zr49Cu46Al5 and Zr48.5Cu46.5Al5 bulk metallic glasses（BMGs） with diameter of 5 mm were prepared through water-cooled copper mold casting. The phase structures of the two alloys were identified by X-ray diffractometry（XRD）. The thermal stability was examined by differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）. Zr49Cu46Al5 alloy shows a glass transition temperature, Tg, of about 689 K, an crystallization temperature, Tx, of about 736 K. The Zr48.5Cu46.5Al5 alloy shows no obvious exothermic peak. The microstructure of the as-cast alloys was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy（TEM）. The aggregations of CuZr and CuZr2 nanocrystals with grain size of about 20 nm are observed in Zr49Cu46Al5 nanocrystalline composite, while the Zr48.5Cu46,5Al5 alloy containing many CuZr martensite plates is crystallized seriously. Mechanical properties of bulk Zr49Cu46Al5 nanocrystalline composite and Zr48.5Cu46.5Al5 alloy measured by compression tests at room temperature show that the work hardening ability of Zr48.5Cu46.5A15 alloy is larger than that of Zr49Cu46Al5 alloy.     

Microstructure and properties of novel quinary multi-principal element alloys with refractory elements

Five equiatomic alloys(Ti Zr Hf VNb, Ti Zr Hf VTa, Ti Zr Nb Mo V, Ti Zr Hf Mo V and Zr Nb Mo Hf V) composed of five elements with high melting temperature, respectively were prepared by arc-melting to develop a novel high temperature alloy. The five alloys exhibit different dendritic and interdendritic morphologies. The Ti Zr Hf VNb, Ti Zr Hf VTa and Ti Zr Nb Mo V alloys formed disordered solid solution phases with body-centered cubic structure, and exhibited high compressive strength and good plasticity. The Ti Zr Hf Mo V and Zr Nb Mo Hf V alloys are composed with Laves phase(Hf Mo2) and disordered solid solution phases with body-centered cubic structure. The Ti Zr Hf Mo V and Zr Nb Mo Hf V alloys are harder and more brittle than the other three alloys due to the existence of hard and brittle Laves phases. At high temperatures, the strength decreases to below 300 MPa for the Ti Zr Hf VNb and Ti Zr Hf Mo V alloys. Solution strengthening is the primary strengthening mechanism of the Ti Zr Hf VNb, Ti Zr Hf VTa and Ti Zr Nb Mo V alloys, and brittle Laves phase is the main cause for the low ductility of the Ti Zr Hf Mo V and Zr Nb Mo Hf V alloys.     

Effect of Zr addition on microstructures and mechanical properties of Ni-46Ti-4Al alloy

The microstructures and mechanical properties of Ni-(46-x)Ti-4Al-xZr (x = 0-8, at.%) alloys have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and mechanical tests. The results show that the Ni-Ti-Al-Zr alloys are composed of TiNi and (Ti, Al) 2 Ni with Zr as a solid solution element in both phases, and the third phase, (Zr, Ti, Al) 2 Ni, appears in Ni-40Ti-4Al-6Zr and Ni-38Ti-4Al-8Zr alloys. The compressive yield strength at room temperature increases with the increase of Zr content due to the solid-solution strengthening of Zr and precipitation strengthening of (Ti, Al, Zr) 2 Ni phase. However, the Ni-42Ti-4Al-4Zr alloy exhibits the maximum compressive yield strength at 873 and 973 K because of the softening of (Zr, Ti, Al) 2 Ni phase in the alloys with more Zr addition. The tensile stress-strain tests and the SEM fracture surface observations show that the brittle to ductile transition temperature of Ni-42Ti-4Al-4Zr alloy is between 873 and 923 K.     

Effect of Rare Earth Sc Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloy

Al-5.3Cu-0.8Mg-0.6Ag alloys containing 0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 (mass. %) Sc were prepared by ingot metallurgy and thermomechanical treatment. The effect of Sc addition on the precipitation and microstructure of the alloys has been investigated using mechanical testing, optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It has been shown that trace Sc element refines the grains of the casting alloys and the average grain size decreases from 85 μm to 30 μm. Increasi...     

Zr含量对Al-0.2wt%Sc合金晶粒尺寸分布和室温拉伸性能的影响

研究了锆含量对Al-0.2wt%Sc合金的晶粒尺寸分布和拉伸性能的影响.发现Zr不仅能细化合金的晶粒尺寸,而且对晶粒尺寸分布有显著影响.不同温度时效后的室温拉伸性能表明:合金的最佳时效强化温区为330～380℃,而且Zr的添加能适当提高合金的热稳定性.综合结果表明:锆的最佳含量应在0.04wt%～0.08wt%.     

Effect of Gd addition on mechanical and microstructural properties of Mg-xGd-2.6Nd-0.5Zn-0.5Zr cast alloys

The Mg-xGd-2.6Nd-0.5Zn-0.5Zr(x=0,3.0,4.5 and 6.0,wt.%) alloys were prepared by gravity casting and then T6 treatment.Microstructures of the alloy were observed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.Results show that the as-cast alloys contained network Mg_3Gd phases,blocky and needle-like Mg_(12)(Nd,Gd) phases.The a(Zr) particle inclusions in the a(Mg) matrix are also observed.Content of the secondary phases decreases as Gd content increases.Tensile test results show that the tensile and yield strengths of all the alloys increase as Gd content increases under the as-cast and T6 conditions,but the elongation exhibits the opposite trend.The blocky Mg_(12)(Nd,Gd) phases appear and act as crack initiator and deteriorates the experimental alloys' ductility with the increase of Gd content,especially as Gd content increases to 6.0 wt.%,so the Mg-6.0Gd-2.6Nd-0.5Zn-0.5Zr alloy has the lowest elongation value compared to the other alloys studied.After T6 treatment,the Mg-4.5Gd-2.6Nd-0.5Zn-0.5Zr alloy exhibits the optimal mechanical properties both at room temperature and 250℃.     

Wear and corrosion behaviour of Ti–13Nb–13Zr and Ti–6Al–4V alloys in simulated physiological solution

Wear and corrosion behaviour of cold-rolled Ti–13Nb–13Zr alloy, with martensitic microstructure, and Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy, in martensitic and two-phase (α + β) microstructural conditions, was studied in a Ringer’s solution. The wear experiments were performed at room temperature with a normal load of 40 N and sliding speeds 0.26, 0.5 and 1.0 m/s. The corrosion behaviour was studied at 37 °C using open circuit potential-time measurements and potentiodynamic polarization. It was found that Ti–13Nb–13Zr alloy has a substantially lower wear resistance than Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy in both microstructural conditions. Surface damage extent increases with sliding speed increase and is always smallest for martensitic Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy with highest hardness. Both alloys exhibit spontaneous passivity in Ringer’s solution. Corrosion potential values are similar for all three materials. However, Ti–13Nb–13Zr and martensitic Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloys show improved corrosion resistance comparatively to Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy with (α + β) microstructure. Martensitic Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy possesses the best combination of both corrosion and wear resistance, although its corrosion resistance is found to be slightly higher than that of the Ti–13Nb–13Zr alloy.     

ω Transformation in cold-worked Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr–O alloys with low body-centered cubic phase stability and its correlation with their elastic properties

The ω transformation and its correlation with elastic properties were investigated in cold-worked Ti–36Nb–2Ta–3Zr–xO mass% alloys with low body-centered cubic (β) phase stability, known as gum metal. Analysis of the temperature dependence of the ω (hexagonal) phase formation using transmission electron microscopy and of the elastic properties of solution-treated and cold-worked alloys using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy revealed that in the solution-treated 0.36% and 0.51% O alloys, the high concentration of oxygen suppressed ω-phase formation from room temperature to a fairly low temperature of ～13 K. However, the ω phase was formed by cold working at room temperature in the 0.30% and 0.47% O alloys. Importantly, the fraction of the ω phase clearly increased upon cooling, which indicates that the formation of the ω phase is thermodynamically favorable near and below room temperature in the cold-worked 0.30% and 0.47% O alloys. This formation of the ω phase and the low stability of the β phase related to the low electron/atom (e/a) ratio were the dominant factors determining the elastic properties near and below room temperature in the cold-worked Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr–O alloys.     

New high-temperature copper alloys

New high-strength, high-temperature Cu-Ni-Si alloys have been developed using additions of Cr, Zr, and/or Ti. These new alloys remain as precipitation hardenable as the base alloy, but the main strengthening phase may be different than Ni₂Si (e.g., Cr₂Ti). Substantial increases in mechanical strength were observed at both room and high temperature (773 K) when additions of Cr+Zr+Ti and Cr+Zr were made. Industrial testing of these alloys indicated a sevenfold increase in the lifetime of lateral blocks in continuous casting equipment of copper alloys.     

微量Zr对Cu—13Zn合金组织和性能的影响

制备了Ｚｒ 含量不同的三种ＣｕＺｎ 合金, 通过拉伸力学性能测试、金相和电镜观察, 研究了微量Ｚｒ 对合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明, 微量Ｚｒ 对合金有明显的强化和提高退火过程中抗软化温度的作用; 微量Ｚｒ 引起的强化来源于再结晶晶粒细化强化, 含Ｚｒ 的第二相析出强化和亚结构强化３个方面。     

Effect of minor Sc and Zr addition on microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys

Three kinds of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu based alloys with 0.22%, 0.36%（Sc＋Zr） （mass fraction, %）, and without Sc, Zr addition were prepared by ingot metallurgy. By using optical microscopy, transmission electronic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, the effects of microalloying elements of Sc, Zr on the microstructure of super-high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys related to mechanical properties were investigated. The tensile properties and microstructures of the studied alloys under different heat treatment conditions were studied. The addition of minor Sc, Zr results in the formation of Ala（Sc,Zr） particles. These particles are highly effective in refining the microstructures, retarding recrystallization, pinning dislocations and subboundaries. The strength of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys was greatly improved by simultaneously adding minor Sc, Zr, meanwhile the ductility of the studied alloys remains at a higher level. The 0.36%（Sc＋Zr） alloys gain the optimal properties after 465 ℃/h solution and 120 ℃/24 h aging. The increment of strength is mainly due to strengthening of fine grain and substructure and precipitation ofAl3（Sc, Zr） particles.     

Zr、Y元素对Pt-10Rh合金性能的影响研究

在Pt-10Rh合金中添加少量的Zr、Y元素,利用真空充氩电弧熔炼方法制备了Pt-10Rh-0.5Zr合金及Pt-10Rh-0.5Zr-0.2Y合金。研究了合金的相结构、室温与高温力学性能以及高温抗氧化性能,观察分析了合金高温氧化及高温断口的形貌组织结构。结果表明,合金形成了由铂铑固溶体基体相与少量的金属间化合物相构成的组织结构;添加少量的Zr、Y元素大幅提高了Pt-10Rh合金的力学性能,同时Y元素还显著改善了Pt-10Rh-0.5Zr合金的高温塑性和抗氧化性能。     

热处理对压铸Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.5Zr合金组织性能的影响

采用气体保护法制备Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.5Zr(GW83K)合金,并冷模压铸成拉伸试样。通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜观察及力学性能测试等分析合金压铸态和不同热处理状态下的显微组织及力学性能。结果表明:冷模压铸GW83K合金经热处理后,其力学性能较压铸态均有所提高,尤其是经低温短时固溶处理(T4)后的合金,其晶粒度变化不大,组织比较均匀,片层状的共晶体消失,第二相以不连续的棒状或粒状分布于晶界处。GW83K-T4合金的室温拉伸性能可达到σb=261.7MPa,σs=240.8MPa,δ5=6.0%,比压铸态合金分别提高了21%,28.4%和30.4%,且该合金具有较好高温力学性能。     

Mo-Zr合金烧结致密化行为及组织与性能研究

在含有不同氟离子浓度的硅酸钠电解液体系中,采用恒压微弧氧化技术对AZ31镁合金进行表面处理,通过XRD、SEM、EDS等研究镁合金表面微弧氧化膜层形貌和相结构特征,探讨氟离子对膜层形成的影响规律.研究结果表明:随着氟离子浓度的增加,膜层微孔数量逐渐减少,微孔孔径逐渐变大且分布均匀,但氟离子浓度过高时,膜层缺陷增多,出现微裂纹和局部孔径较大的微孔;微弧氧化膜层主要由MgAl2O4和MgSiO3组成,其含量随着氟离子浓度的变化而变化,当氟离子浓度范围为2～4 g/L时微弧氧化膜中MgAl2O4和MgSiO3的含量最高;动电位极化曲线表明微弧氧化膜的耐腐蚀性能也随之呈先增后减的趋势.     

Phase Characteristics of a U-22Pu-4Am-2Np-40Zr Metallic Alloy Containing Rare Earths

Metallic fuel alloys consisting of uranium (U), plutonium (Pu), and zirconium (Zr) with minor additions of americium (Am) and neptunium (Np) are under evaluation for potential use to transmute long-lived transuranic actinide isotopes in fast reactors. The current irradiation test series design, designated Advanced Fuel Cycle-2 (AFC2), includes minor additions of rare earth (RE) elements to simulate expected fission product carryover from the electrochemical molten salt reprocessing technique. The as-cast fuel alloys have been investigated for phase and thermal properties; specifically, enthalpies of transition, transition temperatures, and room temperature phase characteristics. Results and observations related to these characteristics for the “fresh” fuel alloys are provided. The alloy compositions are based on a U-22Pu-4Am-2Np-40Zr alloy, along with additions of 1.3 and 1.9 at.% RE (at the expense of uranium where RE denotes rare earth alloy of cerium, lanthanum, praseodymium, and neodymium). Phase behavior and associated transitions have been compared to available U-Pu-Zr ternary diagrams with acceptable agreement. Enthalpies of transition were deconvoluted from heating and cooling thermal traces for relatively reliable values. The RE additions to the base alloy have a minimal influence on the room temperature phases present and phase transition temperatures, but the room temperature phases present did impact the enthalpies of transition.     

Microstructure and mechanical behaviour of Nb–Al–V alloys with 10–25 at.% Al and 20–40 at.% V—II: mechanical behaviour and deformation mechanisms

The mechanical behaviour of three Nb–Al–V alloys with nominal compositions Nb–10Al–20V, Nb–15Al–20V and Nb–25Al–40V (in at.%) have been investigated. Both conventional constant strain rate deformation and compressive creep tests have been performed and the deformation microstructures have been examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At room temperature all three alloys deform by planar slip, with dislocation/particle interactions giving significant strengthening for the two phase alloys. Deformation at higher temperatures occurs by a combination of dislocation glide and climb processes, giving more homogeneous microstructures. All of the dislocations in the B2 phase of these alloys are uncoupled superpartial dislocations with b=1/2<111>. The influence of dislocation/domain boundary interactions on the formation of slip bands and uncoupled superpartials is discussed.     

Y对Al-Zr合金微观组织与性能的影响

采用电导率、显微硬度、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）研究Al-0．30Zr与Al-0．30Zr-0．08Y合金的微观组织与性能。铸态Al-Zr-Y合金中微米尺度初生Al3Y相通过共晶反应在晶内和晶界上同时生成。在Al-Zr-Y合金中,Y明显加速了Al3Zr（Ll2）的析出动力学。由于较大体积Al3（Zr,Y）析出相的生成,Al-Zr-Y合金的电导率明显高于Al-Zr合金的。在Al-Zr-Y合金中观察到了高密度的弥散球状Ll2结构Al3（Zr-Y）析出相。Al-0．30Zr-0．08Y合金具有比Al-0．30Zr合金更强的抗再结晶能力。     

多相V-Ti-Ni氢分离合金显微组织与力学性能

研究了多相V_(100-2x)-Ti_x-Ni_x(x=10,15,20)系列氢分离合金的显微组织、硬度和拉伸性能。V_(100-2x)-Ti_x-Ni_x合金铸锭显微组织均由枝晶相V基固溶体和枝晶间相NiTi和NiTi_2组成。随着合金中Ti和Ni的含量增加,枝晶间相在合金中体积占比增大,形成连续网状,阻止枝晶臂的连接。在室温下,合金整体硬度、抗拉强度、延伸率和断面收缩率均随Ti、Ni含量增加而升高。V基固溶体和NiTi_2相是影响3种合金的整体硬度的主要因素。3种合金在室温下均属于脆性材料。合金中NiTi相含量对合金的延伸率有较大影响。     

Mo含量对Fe_(40)Co_(40)Zr_((10-x))Mo_xB_9Cu_1(x=0,2,4)合金的微观结构,热性能和磁性能的影响

采用单辊快淬法制备Fe_(40)Co_(40)Zr_((10-x))Mo_xB_9Cu_1(x=0,2,4)系非晶合金,并对3种合金进行不同温度热处理。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、差热分析仪(DTA)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对合金的微观结构、热性能和磁性能进行测试分析。结果表明:Fe_(40)Co_(40)Zr_((10-x))Mo_xB_9Cu_1(x=0,2,4)3种合金第1个晶化峰的激活能随Mo含量的增加而减小,Mo的添加不利于合金的热稳定性。Mo含量的增加抑制了ZrCo_3B_2等化合物的析出,细化了结晶相的晶粒尺寸。Fe_(40)Co_(40)Zr_((10-x))Mo_xB_9Cu_1(x=0,2,4)3种非晶合金的矫顽力Hc均随退火温度的升高而逐渐增大。Mo的添加明显降低了合金的矫顽力。     

元素Ti对贮氢合金ZrMn0．7V0．2CO0．1Ni1．2相结构和电化学性能的影响

研究了元素Ti对贮氢电极合金ZrMn0.7V0.2Co0.1Ni1.2的相结构、相组成以及电化学性能的影响。结果表明，对于合金Zr1-xTix(Mn0.7V0.2Co0.1Ni1.2)，其母体合金的主相为C15型Laves相，并含有少量的非Laves相Zr7M10；但随着掺Ti量的增加，合金中出现C14型Laves相，而且其含量逐渐增加；在x=0．1～0．2时，合金中还出现少量的TiNi相，而在x=0．4～0．5时，非Laves相Zr7M10和TiNi相全部消失，说明元素Ti大量的掺杂抑制了第二相的产生：而且随着Ti含量的增加，合金中的C15型和C14型Laves相的晶格常数逐渐减小。电化学测试结果发现，当含Ti量x=0．2时，合金有最大放电容量Cmax为354mAh／g，在放电电流为300mAh／g条件下，高倍率放电性能比母体合金提高了15％。