亚磷酸酯高温缓蚀剂性能研究

测定了烷基苯亚磷酸酯的缓蚀性能及其极化曲线，并阐述了其缓蚀机理，由实验数据可知，合成产品具有良好的缓蚀性能，进一步采用电化学方法－极化曲线法对缓蚀剂的作用机理进行了探讨，该缓蚀剂是阳极抑制型缓蚀剂。     

松香胺-铝盐缓蚀剂在冷却水中协同效应的研究

采用失重法,通过正交试验测定了氯化铝、松香胺、硫酸锌缓蚀剂在冷却水中对２０＃碳钢的缓蚀性能;并使用电化学方法测定其极化曲线,对其缓蚀机理进行初步研究。结果表明,松香胺与氯化铝、硫酸锌之间具有较强的协同效应,该配方缓蚀剂属混合型缓蚀剂,具有良好的缓蚀性能。     

桉树叶提取物对A3钢在酸性介质中缓蚀性能的研究

分别用浸泡法、加热回流萃取法从桉树叶中提取天然缓蚀剂,并采用失重法、极化曲线法研究各种方法的提取物在室温下酸性介质中对A3钢的缓蚀性能。初步探讨植物型缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理。实验结果表明,两种方法所得植物缓蚀剂均属于混合型缓蚀剂,其中加热回流萃取法所得缓蚀剂缓蚀效果较优,缓蚀率最高可达90.11%。     

白玉兰叶提取物对A3钢在酸性介质中缓蚀性能的研究

为了开发A3钢在酸性介质中的绿色天然缓蚀剂,研究分别采用浸泡法、加热回流萃取法从白玉兰叶中提取天然缓蚀剂,并采用失重法、极化曲线法研究各种方法的提取物在室温下酸性介质中对A3钢的缓蚀性能。初步探讨植物型缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理。结果表明,两种方法所得植物缓蚀剂均属于混合型缓蚀剂,缓蚀效果基本相同,缓蚀率最高可达94.91%。     

改性聚天冬氨酸的缓蚀性能及机理研究

通过傅立叶红外光谱、旋转挂片法、极化曲线法、交流阻抗法研究了醇胺开环改性聚天冬氨酸的缓蚀性能及缓蚀机理。研究表明,乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺开环改性PASP中以加入乙醇胺所得改性产物的缓蚀性能最好,缓蚀率达到70.18%。醇胺改性的PASP是一种以抑制阳极为主的缓蚀剂。     

储油罐用碳钢在模拟海水中的缓蚀剂研究

为研制一种在模拟海水中缓蚀效果优良的缓蚀剂，采用失重法、极化曲线法研究葡萄糖酸钠、硫酸锌、HEDP复配的3元缓蚀剂在模拟海水中对碳钢的缓蚀性能，通过正交实验确定了复配的3元缓蚀剂最佳复配比为15:20:4。用极化曲线法确定了3元缓蚀剂的临界浓度为195 ppm。据极化曲线分析可以确定该3元缓蚀剂是抑制阳极过程为主的混合型缓蚀剂。室内失重实验表明，在25℃模拟海水中静态挂片14天缓蚀效率为98.1%,防腐蚀效果优良。     

壳聚糖与CTAB复合缓蚀剂对Q235钢的缓蚀性能研究

采用失重法、交流阻抗法和极化曲线法研究了盐酸介质中壳聚糖及其与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)复合缓蚀剂对Q235钢的缓蚀性能。测试结果表明,单独使用壳聚糖作为缓蚀剂,对Q235钢表面有较强的缓蚀性能。当壳聚糖的质量浓度为0.1 g/L时,在1.0 mol/L的盐酸介质中30℃腐蚀24 h,3种方法测得的缓蚀效率均达到85%以上;加入CTAB后,缓蚀性能明显增强,CTAB的质量分数为10%时,缓蚀效率达到了92%以上。2种缓蚀剂在Q235钢表面吸附机理不同且吸附过程相互补充,因此二者复配后缓蚀性能加强。     

棉籽油咪唑啉缓蚀剂的电化学性能研究

利用棉籽油为原料,与三乙烯四胺及氯化苄反应,合成了一种咪唑啉缓蚀剂。采用极化曲线法、交流阻抗法评价了缓蚀剂及其复配体系对N80钢在15%HCl溶液中的缓蚀性能。极化曲线和交流阻抗均表明0.4%时缓蚀剂效果最佳,添加丙炔醇后缓蚀效率有所增强。     

一种咪唑啉缓蚀剂的合成及评价

以硬脂酸、羟乙基乙二胺为原料,制备了咪唑啉类缓蚀剂ZW-1,利用失重法和极化曲线法评价了缓蚀剂ZW-1在不同浓度下的缓蚀性能,通过环境扫描电子显微镜扫描腐蚀钢片表面形貌,对其所形成缓蚀膜进行了表征。结果表明,当以饱和CO2及3.0%氯化钠为腐蚀介质,缓蚀剂质量浓度为400 mg/L时,缓蚀率可达到98%。同时极化曲线表明,缓蚀剂ZW-1是一种混合型缓蚀剂。     

烷基碳链长度对1-氨乙基-2-烷基咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀性能的影响

采用静态失重法、极化曲线法和电化学交流阻抗法,研究了3种烷基链长的1-氨乙基-2-烷基咪唑啉季铵盐的缓蚀性能,综合分析了烷基碳链长度对其缓蚀性能的影响。结果表明,烷基咪唑啉季铵盐的缓蚀性能随温度的升高而降低,属于混合型缓蚀剂,其吸附作用机理为负催化效应,非极性基团的疏水隔离作用对缓蚀性能的影响非常小。     

Straightforward energetic approach to studies of the corrosion behaviour of nano-copper thin-layer coatings

This paper presents a one-period energy method of studying the electrochemical corrosion phenomena that occur on metal surfaces. The method employs the energy state variables (time functions) to determine whether the material is susceptible to corrosion. The main feature of this approach is the elimination of the frequency analysis, and thereby gives significant simplifications of the corrosion rate measurement. Another important feature is that the method is based on an analysis of the appropriate loops on the energy phase plane which results in the corrosion process being easily estimated through the evaluation of the loop area. The physical results obtained by this method are easily interpretable with robust properties. The usefulness of the proposed technique was examined in microcrystalline and nanocrystalline copper layers deposited on a polycrystalline substrate by the electrocrystallization method. The quantitative results obtained from the measurements of the one-period energy loops are used for controlling the corrosion resistances of the micro- and nano-copper thin-layer coatings. Several experiments performed on real specimens verified the effictiveness of the method as used for analysing the electrochemical corrosion in many practical systems. We have shown that the corrosion resistance of the nanocrystalline copper layers is worse than that of microcrystalline copper layers even when the layers of the two types are produced by the same electrochemical method.     

油井井下管柱腐蚀监测技术在中原油田卫79块的研究与应用

本文介绍了油井井下管柱腐蚀状况监测技术,技术原理是运用723分光光度计测定油井产出水中的铁离子含量,同时提供了腐蚀判断标准,它能很好地指导油井投加油井缓蚀剂治理腐蚀。本文介绍了该技术在卫79块的典型应用实例。结果表明该技术能节约50%缓蚀剂。     

采气井防腐剂研究

腐蚀是油气井生产过程中的重要破坏因素。在各种金属腐蚀的防护方法中,添加缓蚀剂是一种工艺简便、成本低廉、实用性强的方法,已广泛应用于石油产品生产加工及石油化工生产过程中。本文采用酸、胺比为1：1．25,用反应15％～20％摩尔数的二甲苯为携水剂,在逐步升温的条件下,合成咪唑啉中间体,使其与二硫化碳反应,合成了硫脲基咪唑啉。然后用失重方法对合成的缓蚀剂和其他种类的缓蚀剂进行评价研究。     

Corrosion resistance of silicon-infiltrated silicon carbide (SiSiC)

Silicon carbide ceramics have found widespread use due to their high corrosion stability. Both solid state-sintered silicon carbide, which has an extremely high corrosion resistance, and silicon-infiltrated silicon carbide are used for various applications. The latter material contains SiC as well as free silicon, which is less stable. Hence, in the present work, the corrosion behavior of silicon-infiltrated silicon carbide ceramics was investigated in NaOH solutions. Long-term corrosion experiments were conducted, and a method for analyzing the corrosion behavior in short-term experiments was developed. The short-term method is based on the accurate measurement of the corrosion depth by laser scanning microscopy on polished surfaces. The results of both methods were in good agreement. The advantage of the short-term method is that it provides information on changes in corrosion mechanisms and corrosion rates in the initial period and as a function of the impurities present. Preferential corrosion of Si at the interface to SiC was observed. TEM investigations revealed that this enhanced corrosion was caused by the segregation of impurities.     

Potentiostatic transient technique, a simple approach to estimate the corrosion current density and Stern-Geary constant of reinforcing steel in concrete

The linear polarization resistance (LPR) method, introduced by Stern and Geary, is widely used in determining corrosion rates of steel bars in concrete or synthetic pore solution. The major limitation of this method is that the value of the Tafel slopes, and consequently the Stern-Geary constant (B), is necessary for accurate calculation of the corrosion rate. This paper proposes a simple method for determining the corrosion current density and the Stern-Geary constant, using the results of the potentiostatic transient technique. The effect of the Stern-Geary constant on the corrosion rate of steel bar in concrete is also discussed. Results of this study show that potentiostatic transient method can be used successfully to determine the corrosion rate of steel bars in concrete without using the pre-assumed value of B.     

ECDA评价法在凝析油管道检测中的应用

文中对NACE提出的ECDA评价方法作简要阐述,同时将此方法应用于某埋地凝析油管道,并参照腐蚀评价标准与最新科研成果,采用现场数据记录表格和专业的埋地管道腐蚀防护综合评价程序,探索ECDA评价方法在凝析油埋地管道外腐蚀检测评价中的适用性,以期通过外腐蚀直接评价降低外腐蚀对管道完整性的影响,确保管道安全运行.     

一种石油套管缓蚀剂的合成与测试

石油套管酸化作业的过程中不可避免的要受到各种化学药品的腐蚀作用,在这期间如果不能很好的对套管进行保护,套管一旦损害将会对后期的采油作业产生重大的影响,严重的话会导致整口井的报废。因此,亟需要一种能够与地层相容性好、缓蚀速率高的化学缓蚀剂。用十二醇,环氧氯丙烷二甲胺(33%),氯甲基吡啶盐酸盐,碳酸氢钠,无水硫酸钠,乙酸乙酯,丙酮(溶剂)通过旋蒸的方法合成了一种溶剂,并对该溶剂的结果进行了评价和探讨,评价结果表明:在相同的温度和时间环境下该缓蚀剂的效果较好,缓蚀率可达到97.92%。     

钼酸盐复合缓蚀剂对海冰融水中碳钢的缓蚀作用

通过正交试验筛选、复配以钼酸盐为主剂的多元复合缓蚀剂,以失重法和极化曲线法研究了该钼酸盐复合缓蚀剂在海冰融水中对Q235碳钢的缓蚀效果,并对其在高浓缩倍数(2~5倍)海冰融水中的缓蚀作用进行了验证。结果表明:该钼酸盐复合缓蚀剂在海冰融水中对碳钢的缓蚀效果良好,缓蚀率最高达到99.35%;该钼酸盐复合缓蚀剂为阳极抑制型缓蚀剂。     

缓蚀剂在金属防腐技术中的应用

金属材料在绝大数情况下与腐蚀性环境介质接触会发生腐蚀,研究金属防腐技术是迫切需要解决的问题。缓蚀剂保护是一种通过添加少量能阻止或减缓金属腐蚀的物质使金属得到保护的方法,文章介绍了缓蚀剂的定义及技术特点,以及缓蚀剂在金属防腐技术中的应用。     

管道腐蚀超声波内检测管壁自动测厚算法

管道腐蚀超声波内检测具有数据量大、干扰多的特点,其自动测厚算法要求适应性强,但各类超声波检测数据处理算法用于管道内检测自动测厚时存在误判率高、精度较低、耗时长等缺点。针对此问题,本文首先提出了基于两步法的一次FFT自动测厚算法;对其存在的误判率高的问题,提出了二次FFT自动测厚算法;对二次FFT算法精度降低的问题,提出了改进的二次FFT自动测厚算法。理论分析和各类实验证明,该算法具有一次FFT自动测厚算法精度高和二次FFT自动测厚算法误判率低的特点,较好地实现了管道腐蚀壁厚自动测量。