Disc cutters’ layout design of the full-face rock tunnel boring machine (TBM) using a cooperative coevolutionary algorithm

In rock TBM design the disc cutters’ layout design of the full-face rock tunnel boring machine (TBM) is one of the key technologies. However, there are few published papers in literatures for various reasons. In this paper, based on the engineering technical requirements and the corresponding cutter head’s structure design requirements, a nonlinear multi-objective disc cutters’ layout mathematical model with complex constraints and the corresponding multi-stage solution strategy are presented, in which the whole disc cutters’ layout design process is decomposed into the disc cutters’ spacing design and the disc cutters’ plane layout design. A numerical simulation method based on the FEM theory is adopted to simulate the rock chipping process induced by three TBM disc cutters to determine the optimal cutter spacing. And a cooperative coevolutionary genetic algorithm (CCGA) is adopted to solve the disc cutters’ plane layout design problem. Finally, a disc cutters’ layout design instance of the TBM is presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. The computational results show that the proposed method can be used to solve the disc cutters’ layout design problem of the TBM and provide various layout schemes within short running times for the engineers to choose from.     

隧道掘进机刀群与盘体支撑筋耦合布置设计

刀盘是全断面隧道掘进机(Tunnel boring machine,TBM)的关键部件,TBM刀盘系统设计直接关系掘进效率和可靠性。刀盘系统设计的关键是复杂岩石边界下刀群布置设计与刀盘盘体结构设计,二者相互耦合,相互影响。分析刀群与盘体支撑结构之间空间位置耦合以及支撑结构与刀盘强度刚度之间的非线性耦合关系,建立刀群与盘体支撑结构耦合布置优化模型,提出多子系统协同进化的刀具适应性布置与盘体结构耦合设计方法。以引洮工程为例进行验证,结果表明：支撑筋初始安装角与刀盘强度、刚度之间存在非线性函数关系,多子系统协同进化方法求解出的刀群与支撑筋耦合布置方案的最大等效应力、最大变形量、不平衡力矩、不平衡力、顺次角度等指标相比原方案降低了30%以上,以此证明提出的耦合优化模型及其求解方法的可行性和有效性,可为TBM刀盘系统设计提供一定的借鉴与方法支撑。     

A new multi-objective ant colony algorithm for solving the disassembly line balancing problem

The disassembly line is the best choice for automated disassembly of disposal products. Therefore, disassembly line should be designed and balanced so that it can work as efficiently as possible. In this paper, a mathematical model for the multi-objective disassembly line balancing problem is formalized firstly. Then, a novel multi-objective ant colony optimization (MOACO) algorithm is proposed for solving this multi-objective optimization problem. Taking into account the problem constraints, a solution construction mechanism based on the method of tasks assignment is utilized in the algorithm. Additionally, niche technology is used to embed in the updating operation to search the Pareto optimal solutions. Moreover, in order to find the Pareto optimal set, the MOACO algorithm uses the concept of Pareto dominance to dynamically filter the obtained non-dominated solution set. To validate the performance of algorithm, the proposed algorithm is measured over published results obtained from single-objective optimization approaches and compared with multi-objective ACO algorithm based on uniform design. The experimental results show that the proposed MOACO is well suited to multi-objective optimization in disassembly line balancing.     

基于NSGAⅡ的齿轮减速器多目标优化研究

为了解决工程设计中有离散变量、多约束的多目标优化问题,对改进的非占优排序遗传算法(NSGAⅡ)进行了研究,通过基于拥挤距离的非占优排序,提出了离散变量和多约束的处理方法,利用Matlab软件编写了NSGAⅡ的多目标优化程序,并以二级减速器多目标优化设计为例,建立了多目标优化数学模型,运用NSGAⅡ算法求解得到了帕累托最优解集,根据模糊集合理论的有关方法选取了最优解,与传统方法得到的结果相比,体积、失效概率和传动误差都有不同程度的降低。研究结果表明,修改后的NSGAⅡ能用于有效地求解有离散变量、多约束的多目标优化设计问题。     

资源约束下产品开发任务调度的多目标优化

鉴于产品开发任务调度过程中存在资源约束问题和学习与遗忘效应,需要对多个目标进行优化决策,通过定义资源平均利用率并提出学习遗忘效应矩阵,结合耦合设计的多阶段迭代模型,以各阶段资源利用率为约束条件,建立资源约束下考虑学习与遗忘效应的任务调度时间与成本的多目标优化数学模型。采用带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法求解得出Pareto最优解集,并采用改进的多目标理想点法对该解集进行选优,得到最优任务调度方案。以某电动汽车的开发过程为例,验证了该优化模型能够减小产品开发时间,降低产品开发成本,提高总资源利用率。     

基于MOPSO的航空发动机分支管路多目标布局优化

分支管路的布局优化属于NP难问题,其多目标优化情况则更加复杂。针对航空发动机分支管路多目标敷设问题,以分支管路长度最小化、分支点数量最小化以及管路平滑度最优为优化目标,建立了基于避障Steiner树的分支管路多目标布局模型。考虑到模型的复杂性,设计基于多目标粒子群优化（Multi-objective particle swarm optimization,MOPSO）的模型求解算法。其中,以分支点数量和坐标作为决策变量;针对分支管路拓扑结构特点,提出一种分支管路平滑度计算方法,结合非支配排序和网格密度计算完成个体多目标评价;通过可视图和测地线处理约束条件;通过多目标粒子群进化计算求得Pareto解集。所建立的分支管路多目标布局模型及求解算法考虑了多端点情况、多目标优化以及避障约束。最后通过管路敷设算例验证了可行性。     

Thrust and Torque Characteristics Based on a New cutter-head Load Model

Full face rock tunnel boring machine(TBM) has been widely used in hard rock tunnels, however, there are few published theory about cutter-head design, and the design criteria of cutter-head under compl...     

基于NSGA-II的多目标设备动态布局方法

对多个计划期内需求可预测的车间动态设备布局问题进行了研究.针对这一多目标、多约束的问题,以物流搬运和重布局费用之和、非物流关系以及面积利用率作为优化目标,将动态布局问题转化为重布局过程和多个子计划期的静态布局问题,构建了针对不等面积设备的动态多期布局问题的连续型多目标优化模型.采用带精英策略的非支配遗传算法(Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II,NSGA-II)进行求解,克服了传统加权法求解多目标问题时加权系数难以确定和无法保证多目标同时优化的缺点,求解得到Pareto解集,供决策者根据企业实际情况优中选优.通过实例验证了本方法的有效性.     

A simulated annealing algorithm to find approximate Pareto optimal solutions for the multi-objective facility layout problem

In this article, we consider the facility layout problem which combines the objective of minimization of the total material handling cost and the maximization of total closeness rating scores. Multi-objective optimization is the way to consider the two objectives at the same time. A simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is proposed to find the non-dominated solution (Pareto optimal) set approximately for the multi-objective facility layout problem we tackle. The Pareto optimal sets generated by the proposed algorithm was compared with the solutions of the previous algorithms for multi-objective facility layout problem. The results showed that the approximate Pareto optimal sets we have found include almost all the previously obtained results and many more approximate Pareto optimal solutions.     

多方案经营过程模型选择策略

经营过程建模的目的是为了经营过程的分析及重构。在经营过程中，由于存在约束、不确定性和不可精确估量等因素，其评价值常常是模糊的，评价目标不单一。因而存在一个对各种方案过程模型选择的问题，这个问题可以转化为多目标模糊最短路的问题。讨论了多目标模糊最短路径的算法与Pareto解空间问题，提出了基于模糊推理引擎选择多个Pareto解的策略。提出了经营过程设计框架，从而解决了企业内、企业间经营过程及供应链优化设计问题。     

Design theory of full face rock tunnel boring machine transition cutter edge angle and its application

At present, the inner cutters of a full face rock tunnel boring machine (TBM) and transition cutter edge angles are designed on the basis of indentation test or linear grooving test. The inner and outer edge angles of disc cutters are characterized as symmetric to each other with respect to the cutter edge plane. This design has some practical defects, such as severe eccentric wear and tipping, etc. In this paper, the current design theory of disc cutter edge angle is analyzed, and the characteristics of the rock-breaking movement of disc cutters are studied. The researching results show that the rotational motion of disc cutters with the cutterhead gives rise to the difference between the interactions of inner rock and outer rock with the contact area of disc cutters, with shearing and extrusion on the inner rock and attrition on the outer rock. The wear of disc cutters at the contact area is unbalanced, among which the wear in the largest normal stress area is most apparent. Therefore, a three-dimensional model theory of rock breaking and an edge angle design theory of transition disc cutter are proposed to overcome the flaws of the currently used TBM cutter heads, such as short life span, camber wearing, tipping. And a corresponding equation is established. With reference to a specific construction case, the edge angle of the transition disc cutter has been designed based on the theory. The application of TBM in some practical project proves that the theory has obvious advantages in enhancing disc cutter life, decreasing replacement frequency, and making economic benefits. The proposed research provides a theoretical basis for the design of TBM three-dimensional disc cutters whose rock-breaking operation time can be effectively increased.     

基于降维的驾驶员侧约束系统高维目标优化

为解决将高维目标变为单目标优化时各子目标不能同时较优,而多目标算法直接用于高维目标优化时又存在难以找到一个有代表性的Pareto非劣解集问题,在某轿车驾驶员侧约束系统的优化过程中提出了乘员损伤准则与多目标算法协同优化的方法。在已有相关损伤准则基础上根据最新版的FMVSS 208和ECE R94法规提出了适合研究问题的损伤准则;以提出的损伤准则为媒介,将一个高维目标优化问题降为一个低维目标优化问题,通过灵敏度分析、实验设计、多项式近似模型筛选出优化设计变量并得到近似模型,用多目标算法NSGA-Ⅱ对近似模型进行计算得到Pareto非劣解集,将得到的Pareto非劣解集中的每个解代入损伤准则损伤值计算公式,升序排列得到各子目标同时较优而损伤值最小的优化解。最终的优化结果表明：该方法很好地解决了乘员约束系统的高维目标优化问题,优化效果明显。     

二级圆柱齿轮减速器优化的数学模型

对二级圆柱齿轮减速器进行多目标优化。建立了以二级圆柱齿轮减速器结构参数的多目标优化数学模型。该问题是一个具有四个设计变量、八个不等式约束、三个分目标函数的多目标函数的优化设计问题。采用复合形法对实例进行了结构参数的优化计算,结果表明优化计算是可行的,效果是显著的。     

某机载天线射频线缆布线设计与长度优化

针对某机载天线射频线缆布线设计与长度优化问题,提出人工布线与多目标优化相结合的方法。以线缆总重量最小为目标,线缆分组等长为约束条件,构建线缆长度多目标优化数学模型,采用MATLAB的遗传算法函数完成问题求解,有效简化设计过程,提高布线效率。     

基于Pareto挖掘的白车身侧碰安全件轻量化优化设计

为提高白车身轻量化优化效果,提出了熵权灰色关联分析法用于挖掘非支配Pareto解集中的最优解。建立了白车身及整车侧碰有限元模型,通过实车侧碰试验验证了所建模型的准确性。以侧碰安全件料厚为设计变量,综合考虑白车身弯扭刚度、振动频率等基本静-动态性能及侧碰安全性能,构建径向基函数神经网络结合Kriging（RBFNN-Kriging）混合近似模型并联合第二代非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ算法）进行了多目标优化。最后,提出了熵权灰色关联分析法计算所有非支配Pareto解的灰色关联度,并以此为评价指标进行多目标决策。优化决策结果表明：在满足白车身性能设计基线的要求下,白车身侧碰安全件质量减小了2.68 kg,取得了较好的轻量化效果。     

考虑布局熵的多态性车间布局稳健优化模型与算法

为满足大规模定制和产业集群下多品种、小批量的市场需求和订单动态波动的客户需求以及车间低成本、高稳健性的布局要求,设计了以单位面积布置成本、单位产品物流成本和布局熵为优化指标的多目标布局优化模型。提出了基于Pareto优化的聚类并行多目标遗传算法,引入模糊C-均值聚类算法以提高Pareto解集分布的多样性与均匀性,设计了多元胞差分进化重插入操作与基于“精英策略”的移民操作,增强了算法全局与局部搜索能力,有效避免了早熟现象。通过典型算例对比,验证了模型和算法的有效性;同时在企业布局实例应用中,获得了既能满足低成本又能将布局熵值控制在理想范围内的车间布局方案,表明模型具有良好的实用性。     

基于粒子群算法的多目标可重构设施布局方法

提出了一种多目标可重构设施布局方法。该方法引入了空间填充曲线来表征设施位置,可以实现任意两个设施之间的互换;考虑了柔性面积需求和设施形状约束系数等因素,保证布局方案的可行性;建立了以成本(物料运输成本和设施重构成本)和在制品库存为目标的多目标可重构设施布局模型;设计了该模型的改进粒子群算法,该算法在全局极值和个体极值的选取、Pareto解集的更新策略方面相对于标准的粒子群算法有改进。最后用算例说明了该方法的有效性。     

柔性剪切蒙皮支撑结构的拓扑优化

为了求解关于柔性剪切蒙皮支撑结构的多目标拓扑优化问题,提出了一种带有多重约束处理能力的位矩阵表示的非支配排序遗传算法。采用位矩阵作为遗传算法的染色体并引入基于矩阵操作的遗传算子,利用Ansys有限元分析获得结构质量、面内剪切性能和面外承载能力等目标。利用Matlab处理结构连通性和面内应变等约束并实现了基于矩阵的优化算法,获得了一系列可行的柔性剪切蒙皮支撑结构,在实际应用中可以根据需要选择合适的结构。从研究结果可以看出,该算法可以给多目标二维结构拓扑优化问题提供可行有效的解。     

Multi-objectives optimal model of heavy equipment using improved Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm

The problem of injection molding machine’s multi-objective optimization is very important. A triple-objective optimization model with the largest mould moving speed and injecting capacities and the smallest injecting power has been created. The optimized design constraints of the optimal model are summarized. The computational efficiency of Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA) is improved by using rough set-based support vector clustering method. The number of external stocks is reduced. The optimal Pareto solution is determined by eliminating the uncertainty in the artificial priority election. The multi-objective optimization of the HT1600X1N injection molding machine is taken as an example. The SPEA-RSVC-II which is the mixed algorithm of Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm and Ro′ugh-based Support Vector Clustering is applied. It shows that the new method could accelerate the population clustering operation effectively and improves the efficiency of optimized calculation.     

基于多属性决策的气动隐身多目标优化

针对多目标优化结果排序与选择的多属性决策(Multi-attribute decision making,MADM)问题,将多目标优化与MADM相结合,提出基于MADM的多目标优化方法,并将该方法应用于跨声速前掠翼(Forward-swept wing,FSW)气动隐身多目标优化中,优化结果提高了跨声速FSW的气动和隐身性能。采用类别形状函数变换法(Class-shape function transformation,CST)方法对翼型几何外形进行描述,实现FSW气动和隐身多学科优化设计模型的参数化描述。建立基于N-S方程的计算流体力学方法的FSW气动分析模型和基于矩量法的计算电磁学方法的FSW隐身分析模型。将Pareto多目标遗传算法得到的Pareto非劣解集构成MADM矩阵,采用基于模糊熵权的改进的逼近理想解的排序法(Modified technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,M-TOPSIS)方案评价方法进行Pareto非劣解排序,最终确定最佳的Pareto非劣解。研究结果验证了所提出方法的有效性,为多目标优化问题提供了一种新的解决途径。