试析近代潮汕侨乡建筑的审美文化特征

潮汕侨乡是广东侨乡的重要组成部分,华侨投资极大地推动了近代潮汕侨乡的建筑发展。博采众长的开放品格、经世致用的商业意识和精雕细刻的炫富心理,是近代潮汕侨乡建筑审美文化特征的主要表现。     

台山端芬翁家楼建筑特征解析

粤中广府地区的民居种类多样,尤其在近代时期受西方建筑文化的影响,产生了骑楼、庐居、碉楼等具有西方建筑特征的民居形式。端芬镇翁家楼位于粤中地区台山市的中部,是五邑侨乡近代民居建筑中的典范,建筑群由 5 座近代民居组成,其中三座主楼造型新颖,极具近代西方住宅建筑特色,两座副楼兼具中西建筑风格。本文通过对翁家楼建筑群布局及建筑单体的特征进行分析,探讨五邑近代侨乡民居的开放性、融合性和创新性的建筑文化特征。     

试论近代广府侨乡建筑的审美文化特征

广府侨乡与潮汕侨乡、兴梅侨乡并称广东三大侨乡。广府侨乡建筑以其覆盖地域面积最广、建筑形制最丰富、保存数量最多而成为近代岭南侨乡建筑文化中的代表,它展现了中西建筑文化从接触碰撞到融会创新的历史过程,突出体现了开放性、兼容性、创新性的时代精神和审美特征。     

试析近代兴梅侨乡建筑的文化精神

近代兴梅侨乡建筑面对外来文化的冲击，在守持传统建筑文化的同时，吸收了一定的外来文化，形成了独具特色的侨乡建筑文化，表现出耕读传家、崇文重教的价值取向，慎终追远、重本溯源的宗亲观念和进退两宜、尝试开放的文化心理。     

近代闽南与潮汕侨乡的中西建筑文化博弈

近代闽南与潮汕侨乡的建筑风尚是中西建筑文化博弈的结果.其产生和发展的内在机制受主客体和环境三方面的影响.主体方面,近代闽南与潮汕华侨及侨乡民众对西方建筑文化的认识具有认同先于认知的特点,这也决定了主体对西洋建筑认识的感官性和经验性;在客体方面,中西建筑文化针对各种社会空间表现出各自的适应性;在环境方面,一定地区范围内原有中西建筑文化势力的对比影响着二者的博弈结果.     

台山端芬翁家楼建筑特征解析

粤中广府地区的民居种类多样,尤其在近代时期受西方建筑文化的影响,产生了骑楼、庐居、碉楼等具有西方建筑特征的民居形式.端芬镇翁家楼位于粤中地区台山市的中部,是五邑侨乡近代民居建筑中的典范,建筑群由5座近代民居组成,其中三座主楼造型新颖,极具近代西方住宅建筑特色,两座副楼兼具中西建筑风格.本文通过对翁家楼建筑群布局及建筑单...     

侨乡小城镇近代骑楼保护对策探讨

引言 广东的近代骑楼主要的发展地区为濒临南海,比邻港澳的东南沿海和粤中的五邑——开平、台山、新会、恩平、江门,以及周围的赤坎、公益等小城镇并潮汕地区为主(附图1)。这一分布特征的产生正是由于这些地区都具有一个共同的特点——旅居海外,出国移民经商的人数众多,是著名的侨乡。大量的华侨为侨乡带来了巨大的影响,也造就了侨乡城镇独特的建筑风格,骑楼式沿街住宅与“碉楼”并列成为华侨文化的代表建筑形式。由于特殊的地理人文环境,侨乡小城镇中的近代骑楼面临许多特殊问题,本文将在对这些特殊性作分析的基础上,探讨侨乡小城镇近代…     

闽南侨乡近代地域性建筑文化的比较研究

本文采用地域性建筑文化发展的研究视角,从侨汇经济、城市文化、近代营造业兴起等方面,分析了闽南近代侨乡建筑文化形成的社会背景;同时,结合三种有代表性的侨乡建筑类型,研究闽南洋楼民居的文化交融特点与伦理定位,比较洋风骑楼与其他骑楼类型的风格特征与形成渊源,并从地域化设计手法、文化复兴意识、乡土格调与民族情结等方面,分析了侨乡校园建筑中蕴含的文化内涵,深入剖析了侨乡近代建筑的演化特征。     

近代岭南建筑的审美文化探析——读《岭南近代建筑文化与美学》

《岭南近代建筑文化与美学》是一部从建筑美学视角对近代岭南建筑文化进行剖析的理论佳作,作者充分吸收和借鉴了现有建筑美学的理论成果,在生存价值论的哲学基础上提出了有关建筑审美文化机制的四层次说和建筑适应性理论,由此构建了系统的建筑美学体系。在对近代岭南建筑、尤其是侨乡建筑的文化与美学研究中,作者结合其美学思想进一步提出了"文化地域性格"的概念,这一概念对于地域性建筑的研究具有广泛的理论适用性。全书逻辑严密,视野宽广,为岭南建筑学派在人文领域的深层次拓展提供了可借鉴的范例。     

近代广东侨乡民居的文化融合模式比较

近代广东三大汉族民系侨乡地区的民居建筑文化,在传统文化与海外文化的碰撞交流过程中发展演化。两种异质性的建筑文化相遇,在广府侨乡表现为外来文化与本地传统文化充分交融的"合流式"融合模式,在潮汕侨乡、客家侨乡则分别表现为外来文化以"融入式"及"嵌入式"模式与本地文化融合。     

土的基本特性及本构关系

面对土的外延持续拓展、内涵不断深化、本构模拟精度要求日趋提升的挑战,土的基本特性与本构关系研究要回归初心,面向工程需求,聚焦于达到工程分析精度而需要刻画的土的宏细观一体化特性,称作土的工程本征性。工程本征性主要有三相性、各向异性、摩擦性和剪胀性等几个方面,其内涵和发展趋势基于研究现状进行探讨。研究与刻画土的工程本征性时,应基于一体化的思路,注重细观特征和宏观特性刻画精度的均衡性,即：宏观层面的研究指导在细观层面有目标的观测,而不需要无止境的追求各类细观层面的细节;细观层面的研究为宏观层面的刻画提供充分依据,从而克服脱离细观机理的唯象假设。以土的工程本征性为核心探讨土的基本特性与本构关系研究的宏细观一体化建模方法,结合强度理论和多过程耦合模型等课题探讨研究现状与发展趋势。简要回顾本构理论研究的重要进展,指出土的本构理论研究已经具备深厚积累,以期为宏细观一体化的工程本征性研究奠定坚实的基础。     

Residential building damage and natural perils: Australian examples and issues

The most important natural perils in Australia are tropical cyclones, earthquakes, bushfires, thunderstorms, floods, landslides and tsunamis. However, as far as residential buildings are concerned, the correct relative order of importance depends on the frames of reference used. Certainly, meteorological perils are more significant than geological hazards. Residential building damage produced by the most important natural hazards is assessed. Governance is shown to be poorly related to actual risk. Tropical cyclone wind-loading codes are amongst the best in the world, but the more limited potential for storm surge damage is largely ignored. While land-use regulations are strong in some states, almost no attention has been paid to appropriate building materials for flood-prone properties. Hail is probably the most important peril along the populated south-eastern seaboard, but no regulations govern roofing materials. Other issues relating to the present understanding of damage to buildings are raised.     

和谐与个性——浅析北京应用物理及计算数学研究所信息楼的设计

对北京应用物理及计算数学研究所信息楼的建筑方案进行了总结分析,阐述了它在与规划的协调、功能、造型、细部设计等方面的设计特点,也指出了一些存在的问题。     

Debating the future of comfort: environmental sustainability, energy consumption and the indoor environment

Vast quantities of energy are consumed in heating and cooling to provide what are now regarded as acceptable standards of thermal comfort. In the UK as in a number of other countries, there is a real danger that responses in anticipation of global warming and climate change - including growing reliance on air-conditioning - will increase energy demand and CO₂ emissions even further. This is an appropriate moment to reflect on the history and future of comfort, both as an idea and as a material reality. Based on interviews and discussions with UK policy makers and building practitioners involved in specifying and constructing what will become the indoor environments of the future, four possible scenarios are identified each with different implications for energy and resource consumption. By actively promoting debate about the indoor environment and associated ways of life, it may yet be possible to avoid becoming locked into social and technical trajectories that are ultimately unsustainable. The aim of this paper is to inspire and initiate just such a discussion through demonstrating that comfort is a highly negotiable socio-cultural construct.     

Environmental impact analysis for typical office facades

The design of a building facade influences internal thermal and lighting conditions and energy use associated with the provision of these conditions. Key decisions about the building facade are usually taken during the concept design stage of a building, while decisions about the method of providing the environmental conditions are often made later in the design process. This dilemma is addressed by the development of a concept design tool that allows the design team to investigate the effect of facade design on the resulting internal environmental conditions, energy use and environmental impact. The concept design tool was developed by performing detailed thermal, lighting and environmental modelling for a number of generic office building facade designs and a range of parameters that affect directly the environmental performance of an office building. The results are presented in a user-friendly interface requiring a minimum number of inputs. Key parameter outputs (such as temperature, lighting levels, heating/cooling energy demand, embodied energy and eco-points) can then be viewed, while a more detailed analysis can also be created for specified facade designs. A parametric analysis of the summary result outputs for selected facade parameters indicates that natural ventilation and cooling can reduce the environmental impact of offices by up to 16%, although heating energy demand could increase significantly. Improving the construction standard of the facade and reducing the internal heat loads can reduce the environmental impact by up to 22%. Use of this tool at early design stages will benefit the design team through an improved understanding of the dynamics between facade design and building services and assist with a more integrated approach.     

儿童友好型社区营造中的参与者社会网络构建与分析 —以湖南省长沙市育才第三小学"娃娃农园"营造实践为例

Introducing the case of the Kids’ Gardens in Yucai No. 3 Primary School in Changsha City, Hunan Province, this study established sociograms upon the contact-frequency-based network with UCINET to systematically analyze the characteristics of different participants in the process of the childfriendly community building and the varying pattern of all social relations, aiming at addressing problems emerging in public participation and multi-stakeholder collaboration in Chinese mainland. It was found that by bonding stakeholders including citizens, the government and party organizations, universities, and public institutions and enterprises, this practice encouraged the school — as a community — to leverage its internal resources. The school finally overcame the organizational inertia and achieved independent operation and growth during the process of community building. The study also demonstrated that the social network of participants was developed and defined with both independent and dependent modes from an overall perspective, of which the former characterized for its dominant internal ties and a dense tree-like hierarchical management structure might be more efficient. From a participant perspective, the brokerage roles in key nodes were critical to the community building. Finally, spatial design strategies, including enhancing the spatial affordance to serve diverse activities, space zoning and allocation, offering “half-done” spaces, and phased development, were provided for similar community building practice.     

The dynamics of alkalinity generation by an anoxic sediment exposed to acid water

The time dependence of the rate of generation of alkalinity by productive sediments treated with acid waters was investigated for various conditions using continuously stirred flowing reactors. Complete mass balances allowed the generated alkalinity to be related to specific processes, none of which were affected by light. The high rate of oxidation of organic material was sufficient to consume all the oxygen, nitrate and sulphate supplied to the vessels during the first few days of incubation, but by 15 days sulphate reduction had ceased and oxygen and nitrate reduction were incomplete. In incubations supplied with anoxic waters there was an initial small release of calcium, but by 10–15 days the generation of alkalinity could be accounted for by nitrate reduction (23%), sulphate reduction (47%), Fe(II) production (23%) and NH₄⁺ production (7%). Iron(II) was exhausted when only 1% of the total amount of iron in the sediment had been released. In incubations supplied with oxygenated waters sulphate was only reduced during the first 10 days while oxygen was completely consumed. By 15 days there was incomplete consumption of oxygen and the generation of alkalinity was accounted for by nitrate reduction (36%), calcium release (53%) and NH₄⁺ production (11%). Comparisons of reaction rates indicate that calcium is released by being replaced by ammonium ions which are generated by decomposition of organic matter. Although, in the longer term, more base is generated by sediment incubated anoxically, sediments incubated with oxygenated water generate base more rapidly for the first few days until the most readily oxidized organic matter is consumed.     

居住区地表种植面积保障技术

本研究的目的是在现有的城市土地资源不变的情况下，在不改变现有的居住区规划设计规范条件下，通过相对简单的技术手段，探索增加居住区地表种植面积的有效措施，并用这些方法使我国已经建成的优秀居住区能新增加的绿化地表种植面积约占小区总面积的２．７％，对这我国城市居住住区环境建设的可持续发展有着积极意义。     

Architecture a sspatial-textile storytelling: Metamorphosis of frieze as a narrative medium mediating the Panathenaia festival

Classical temples constructed by an entire class are considered as a democratic artifact that symbolizes social and communal beliefs and embodies religious significance. In contrast with these meanings that existing scholars have addressed, this paper investigates the extent to which architecture, as both shelter and artwork, serve as a medium of spatial-textile storytelling, providing a rich sensory context that represents and mediates culture. This study is drawn from a case study of the Ionic frieze in Parthenon, Athens, considered both a textile and spatial storytelling device. The research method applied in this paper consists of a literature review of references on the ideas on the links between textile making and architectural ornament by Gottfried Semper, as well as the historical development of the frieze in both textile weaving and classical architecture. The paper concludes that the significance of the religious Panathenaia festival is not merely depicted by the peplos identified on the central east Ionic frieze, but is also expressed in the entire representational scheme of the Ionic frieze, along with the overall spatial configuration of the Parthenon. Architecture, instantiated by the Parthenon, is regarded as spatial-textile storytelling to communicat emeanings.     

Screens

The screen is a recurring element in the work of Niall McLaughlin Architects . Environmental considerations have provided the opportunity for inclusion of the screen in built works, but it has been embraced by them for its geometric and material qualities, as well as the play it affords with light. The practice has relished the transformative powers of inserting everyday found objects into the screens to provide an additional level of surprise and delight. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.